Nutrients

14 pages, 1104 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inverse Association between Dietary Iron Intake and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies of the Stop Consortium

by Giulia Collatuzzo, Federica Teglia, Claudio Pelucchi, Eva Negri, Charles S. Rabkin, Linda M. Liao, Rashmi Sinha, Lizbeth López-Carrillo, Nuno Lunet, Samantha Morais, Nuria Aragonés, Victor Moreno, Jesus Vioque, Manoli Garcia de la Hera, Mary H. Ward, Reza Malekzadeh, Mohammadreza Pakseresht, Raúl Ulises Hernández-Ramírez, Malaquias López-Cervantes, Rossella Bonzi, Michela Dalmartello, Shoichiro Tsugane, Akihisa Hidaka, M. Constanza Camargo, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Nadia Zubair, Carlo La Vecchia, Shailja Shah and Paolo Boffetta Show full author list Hide full author list

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2555; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122555 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4111

Abstract

Background: Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We pooled data from 11 case-control studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total dietary iron intake was derived [...] Read more.

Background: Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We pooled data from 11 case-control studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total dietary iron intake was derived from food frequency questionnaires combined with national nutritional tables. We derived the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of dietary iron through multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. Secondary analyses stratified by sex, smoking status, caloric intake, anatomical subsite and histological type were performed. Results: Among 4658 cases and 12247 controls, dietary iron intake was inversely associated with GC (per quartile OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83–0.93). Results were similar between cardia (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77–0.94) and non-cardia GC (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81–0.94), and for diffuse (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69–0.89) and intestinal type (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79–0.98). Iron intake exerted an independent effect from that of smoking and salt intake. Additional adjustment by meat and fruit/vegetable intake did not alter the results. Conclusions: Dietary iron is inversely related to GC, with no difference by subsite or histological type. While the results should be interpreted with caution, they provide evidence against a direct effect of iron in gastric carcinogenesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Epidemiology)

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16 pages, 670 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relation of Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Profile to Hepatic Fibrosis in a Sample of Lebanese Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients

by Nicole Fakhoury Sayegh, Gessica N. H. A. Heraoui, Hassan Younes, Lea Nicole Sayegh, Christa Boulos and Raymond Sayegh

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2554; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122554 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2189

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver injury worldwide. NAFLD can evolve into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional profile and dietary patterns of NAFLD Lebanese patients and [...] Read more.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver injury worldwide. NAFLD can evolve into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional profile and dietary patterns of NAFLD Lebanese patients and to report the type of diet-related to the presence of hepatic fibrosis. We hypothesized that the traditional pattern was related to a low risk of fibrosis. This cross-sectional study included 320 eligible Lebanese NAFLD patients. Three dietary patterns were identified: the Traditional diet, the High Fruit diet, and the Westernized diet. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between high adherence to the traditional diet and absence of hepatic fibrosis with a decreased risk of 82%, p = 0.031 after adjusting for its covariables. Fruits were absent from this dietary pattern. Although our results pointed to a possible relationship between fibrosis in NAFLD patients and fruit intake, experimental studies are needed to show whether this is a causal relationship. However, the results obtained in this study may contribute to the planning of dietary interventions and recommendations and enable a better follow-up for NAFLD patients with fibrosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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16 pages, 1693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eriodictyol Attenuates H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts through Enhanced Capacity of Antioxidant Machinery

by Visarut Buranasudja, Chawanphat Muangnoi, Kittipong Sanookpan, Hasseri Halim, Boonchoo Sritularak and Pornchai Rojsitthisak

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2553; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122553 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2604

Abstract

Oxidative stress in dermal fibroblasts is strongly correlated with the aging process of the skin. The application of natural compounds that can increase the ability of dermal fibroblasts to counteract oxidative stress is a promising approach to promote skin health and beauty. Eriodictyol [...] Read more.

Oxidative stress in dermal fibroblasts is strongly correlated with the aging process of the skin. The application of natural compounds that can increase the ability of dermal fibroblasts to counteract oxidative stress is a promising approach to promote skin health and beauty. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid that exerts several pharmacological actions through its antioxidant properties. However, its protective effects on dermal fibroblasts have not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated whether eriodictyol protects human dermal fibroblasts (BJ fibroblasts) from the harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Eriodictyol pretreatment significantly prevented necrotic cell death caused by H₂O₂ exposure. In addition, the level of 2′,7′-dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein oxidation was decreased, and that of glutathione was maintained, indicating that the beneficial effects of eriodictyol against H₂O₂ were closely associated with oxidative-stress attenuation. Eriodictyol mediates its antioxidant effects on dermal fibroblasts against H₂O₂ through (i) the direct neutralization of reactive oxygen species; (ii) the enhancement of the activities of H₂O₂-detoxifying enzymes, including catalase and glutathione peroxidase; and (iii) the induction of the expressions of catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 via the activation of the Nrf2 signaling system. These results support the potential application of eriodictyol as an ingredient in skincare products for cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemicals and Human Health)

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15 pages, 1961 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cuffless and Touchless Measurement of Blood Pressure from Ballistocardiogram Based on a Body Weight Scale

by Shing-Hong Liu, Bing-Hao Zhang, Wenxi Chen, Chun-Hung Su and Chiun-Li Chin

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2552; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122552 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1911

Abstract

Currently, in terms of reducing the infection risk of the COVID-19 virus spreading all over the world, the development of touchless blood pressure (BP) measurement has potential benefits. The pulse transit time (PTT) has a high relation with BP, which can be measured [...] Read more.

Currently, in terms of reducing the infection risk of the COVID-19 virus spreading all over the world, the development of touchless blood pressure (BP) measurement has potential benefits. The pulse transit time (PTT) has a high relation with BP, which can be measured by electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG). The ballistocardiogram (BCG) reflects the mechanical vibration (or displacement) caused by the heart contraction/relaxation (or heart beating), which can be measured from multiple degrees of the body. The goal of this study is to develop a cuffless and touchless BP-measurement method based on a commercial weight scale combined with a PPG sensor when measuring body weight. The proposed method was that the PTT_BCG-PPGT was extracted from the BCG signal measured by a weight scale, and the PPG signal was measured from the PPG probe placed at the toe. Four PTT models were used to estimate BP. The reference method was the PTT_ECG-PPGF extracted from the ECG signal and PPG signal measured from the PPG probe placed at the finger. The standard BP was measured by an electronic blood pressure monitor. Twenty subjects were recruited in this study. By the proposed method, the root-mean-square error (E_RMS) of estimated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are 6.7 ± 1.60 mmHg and 4.8 ± 1.47 mmHg, respectively. The correlation coefficients, r², of the proposed model for the SBP and DBP are 0.606 ± 0.142 and 0.284 ± 0.166, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can serve for cuffless and touchless BP measurement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Management and Nutritional Needs in Patients with Heart Failure)

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11 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Dietary Patterns and Pre-Pregnancy BMI with Gestational Weight Gain: The “Born in Shenyang” Cohort

by Jiajin Hu, Ming Gao, Yanan Ma, Ningyu Wan, Yilin Liu, Borui Liu, Lin Li, Yang Yu, Yang Liu, Bohan Liu and Deliang Wen

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2551; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122551 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1899

Abstract

The reported associations of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy with gestational weight gain are inconsistent, especially among the less studied Asian Chinese populations. In a prospective pre-birth cohort study conducted in northern China, we determined the associations between maternal dietary patterns and the [...] Read more.

The reported associations of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy with gestational weight gain are inconsistent, especially among the less studied Asian Chinese populations. In a prospective pre-birth cohort study conducted in northern China, we determined the associations between maternal dietary patterns and the probability of excess gestational weight gain (EGWG) among 1026 pregnant women. We used 3-day food diaries to assess maternal diet and performed principal component analysis to identify dietary patterns. Maternal adherence to a traditional pattern, which was characterized by a higher intake of tubers, vegetables, fruits, red meat, and rice, was associated with a higher probability of EGWG (quartile 3 vs. quartile 1, odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10−2.38). This risk association was more pronounced among women who were overweight/obese before pregnancy (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, OR = 5.17, 95% CI = 1.45–18.46; p for interaction < 0.01). Maternal adherence to a high protein pattern, which was characterized by a higher intake of fried foods, beans and bean products, dairy products, and fruits, was associated with a lower risk of EGWG (quartile 3 vs. quartile 1, OR = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.39−0.81). The protective association was more pronounced among non-overweight/obese women (p for interaction < 0.01). These findings may help to develop interventions and better define target populations for EGWG prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue China National Nutrition Survey)

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8 pages, 267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fluoride Content of Matcha Tea Depending on Leaf Harvest Time and Brewing Conditions

by Karolina Jakubczyk, Alicja Ligenza, Izabela Gutowska and Katarzyna Janda-Milczarek

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2550; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122550 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2910

Abstract

Matcha, or powdered green tea (Camellia sinensis) of the Tencha type, is popular all around the world, and its consumption continues to rise. Because of its unique cultivation method, it is rich in phytochemicals and has many health-promoting properties; it contains [...] Read more.

Matcha, or powdered green tea (Camellia sinensis) of the Tencha type, is popular all around the world, and its consumption continues to rise. Because of its unique cultivation method, it is rich in phytochemicals and has many health-promoting properties; it contains high concentrations of polyphenols, theanine and chlorophyll. Tea, and by extension matcha, contains numerous minerals, one of which is fluorine. Under physiological conditions, this mineral plays a significant role in hard tissue mineralisation processes. However, even in low concentrations, with prolonged exposure, fluoride can accumulate in the body, leading to a number of harmful effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the fluoride content of the matcha infusions from different harvests, brewed using water at different temperatures (25 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C). The content of fluoride ions was measured by the potentiometric method. The fluoride content ranged from 3.36 to 4.03 mg/L and was dependent on both the leaf harvest time and brewing temperature. The concentration of this mineral in the dry powder ranged from 118.39 to 121.65 mg/kg. Irrespective of the water temperature or harvest time, matcha was found to have a high fluoride content, with particularly high concentrations being noted in the powder itself. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Benefits of Micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) in Functional Products)

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18 pages, 1962 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ameliorative Effects of Gut Microbial Metabolite Urolithin A on Pancreatic Diseases

by Kailin Li, Yao Xiao, Ji Bian, Lin Han, Caian He, Emad El-Omar, Lan Gong and Min Wang

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2549; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122549 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6498

Abstract

Urolithin A (Uro A) is a dietary metabolite of the intestinal microbiota following the ingestion of plant-based food ingredients ellagitannins and ellagic acid in mammals. Accumulating studies have reported its multiple potential health benefits in a broad range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, [...] Read more.

Urolithin A (Uro A) is a dietary metabolite of the intestinal microbiota following the ingestion of plant-based food ingredients ellagitannins and ellagic acid in mammals. Accumulating studies have reported its multiple potential health benefits in a broad range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, cognitive impairment, and diabetes. In particular, Uro A is safe via direct oral administration and is non-genotoxic. The pancreas plays a central role in regulating energy consumption and metabolism by secreting digestive enzymes and hormones. Numerous pathophysiological factors, such as inflammation, deficits of mitophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, can negatively affect the pancreas, leading to pancreatic diseases, including pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies showed that Uro A activates autophagy and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pancreas, thus decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of Uro A metabolism and biological activity in the gut, as well as the pathological features and mechanisms of common pancreatic diseases. Importantly, we focus on the potential activities of Uro A and the underlying mechanisms in ameliorating various pancreatic diseases via inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways, activating autophagy, maintaining the mitochondrial function, and improving the immune microenvironment. It might present a novel nutritional strategy for the intervention and prevention of pancreatic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Disease Development: Present and Future)

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11 pages, 1583 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Eggs in a Plant-Based Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome

by Minu S. Thomas, Lindsey Huang, Chelsea Garcia, Junichi R. Sakaki, Christopher N. Blesso, Ock K. Chun and Maria Luz Fernandez

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2548; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122548 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4617

Abstract

We recently reported that the inclusion of whole eggs in plant-based diets (PBD) increased plasma choline, lutein, and zeaxanthin in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether this dietary pattern would protect against oxidative stress [...] Read more.

We recently reported that the inclusion of whole eggs in plant-based diets (PBD) increased plasma choline, lutein, and zeaxanthin in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether this dietary pattern would protect against oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, two common characteristics of MetS. We recruited 24 men and women with MetS, who, after following a PBD for 2 weeks (baseline), were randomly allocated to consume either two whole eggs with 70 g of spinach/day (EGG) or the equivalent amount of egg substitute with spinach (SUB) as breakfast for 4 weeks. After a 3-week washout, they were allocated to the alternate breakfast. We measured biomarkers of oxidation and inflammation at baseline and at the end of each intervention. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, monocyte protein attractant-1, liver enzymes, and C-reactive protein, as well as total antioxidant capacity, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, and other biomarkers of oxidation were not different at the end of EGG or SUB or when compared to baseline. However, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) during the EGG and baseline compared to SUB. In addition, the increases in dietary lutein and zeaxanthin previously observed had a strong positive correlation with PON-1 activity (r = 0.522, p < 0.01) only during the EGG period, whereas plasma zeaxanthin was negatively correlated with MDA (r = −0.437, p < 0.01). The number of participants with MetS was reduced from 24 during screening to 21, 13, and 17 during the BL, EGG, and SUB periods, respectively, indicating that eggs were more effective in reversing the characteristics of MetS. These data suggest that adding eggs to a PBD does not detrimentally affect inflammation or oxidative stress; on the contrary, eggs seem to provide additional protection against the biomarkers that define MetS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)

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22 pages, 2499 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) Pulp Oil and the Effect of Its Supplementation in an In Vivo Experimental Model

by Gabriela Marcelino, Priscila Aiko Hiane, Arnildo Pott, Wander Fernando de Oliveira Filiú, Anderson R. L. Caires, Flavio S. Michels, Mário R. Maróstica Júnior, Nathalia M. S. Santos, Ângela A. Nunes, Lincoln C. S. Oliveira, Mário R. Cortes, Iriani R. Maldonade, Leandro F. Cavalheiro, Carlos Eduardo Domingues Nazário, Lidiani Figueiredo Santana, Carolina Di Pietro Fernandes, Fábio Juliano Negrão, Mariana Bento Tatara, Bernardo Bacelar de Faria, Marcel Arakaki Asato, Karine de Cássia Freitas, Danielle Bogo, Valter Aragão do Nascimento and Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães Show full author list Hide full author list

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2547; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122547 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3018

Abstract

Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) pulp oil contains bioactive substances and lipids that are protective against cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. We performed physical and chemical analyses to verify its quality and stability. Buriti oil was stable according to the Rancimat test, presenting an induction period [...] Read more.

Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) pulp oil contains bioactive substances and lipids that are protective against cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. We performed physical and chemical analyses to verify its quality and stability. Buriti oil was stable according to the Rancimat test, presenting an induction period of 6.6 h. We evaluated the effect of supplementation with crude buriti oil and olive oil on metabolic parameters in 108 Swiss mice for 90 days. We investigated six groups: extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) 1 and 2 (1000 and 2000 mg/kg), buriti oil (BO) 1 and 2 (1000 and 2000 mg/kg), synergic (S) (BO1 + EVOO1), and control (water dose 1000 mg/kg). The animals were euthanized to examine their blood, livers, and fats. The supplementation did not interfere with food consumption, weight gain, and histological alterations in the liver. Group S showed the strongest relationship with the fractions HDL-c and non-HDL-c, indicating a possible cardioprotective effect. Moreover, we observed significantly higher IL-6 levels in the control, EVOO2, and BO1 groups than in the EVOO1 group. Resistin was also significantly higher for the synergic treatment than for the control. We conclude that BO combined with EVOO could be an excellent food supplement for human consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemicals and Human Health)

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23 pages, 3814 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Lactose Differentially Affect Infant Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier In Vitro

by Jane Mea Natividad, Benoît Marsaux, Clara Lucia Garcia Rodenas, Andreas Rytz, Gies Vandevijver, Massimo Marzorati, Pieter Van den Abbeele, Marta Calatayud and Florence Rochat

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2546; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122546 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4655

Abstract

Background: The infant gut microbiota establishes during a critical window of opportunity when metabolic and immune functions are highly susceptible to environmental changes, such as diet. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for instance are suggested to be beneficial for infant health and gut microbiota. [...] Read more.

Background: The infant gut microbiota establishes during a critical window of opportunity when metabolic and immune functions are highly susceptible to environmental changes, such as diet. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for instance are suggested to be beneficial for infant health and gut microbiota. Infant formulas supplemented with the HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) reduce infant morbidity and medication use and promote beneficial bacteria in the infant gut ecosystem. To further improve infant formula and achieve closer proximity to human milk composition, more complex HMO mixtures could be added. However, we currently lack knowledge about their effects on infants’ gut ecosystems. Method: We assessed the effect of lactose, 2′-FL, 2′-FL + LNnT, and a mixture of six HMOs (HMO6: consisting of 2′-FL, LNnT, difucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3′- and 6′-sialyllactose) on infant gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity using a combination of in vitro models to mimic the microbial ecosystem (baby M-SHIME^®) and the intestinal epithelium (Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture). Results: All the tested products had bifidogenic potential and increased SCFA levels; however, only the HMOs’ fermented media protected against inflammatory intestinal barrier disruption. 2′-FL/LNnT and HMO6 promoted the highest diversification of OTUs within the Bifidobactericeae family, whereas beneficial butyrate-producers were specifically enriched by HMO6. Conclusion: These results suggest that increased complexity in HMO mixture composition may benefit the infant gut ecosystem, promoting different bifidobacterial communities and protecting the gut barrier against pro-inflammatory imbalances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutritional Intervention for the Infant Gut Microbiome)

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15 pages, 2369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Maternal One-Carbon Supplement Reduced the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Male Offspring

by Hui Peng, Huiting Xu, Jie Wu, Jiangyuan Li, Xian Wang, Zhimin Liu, Minjee Kim, Minsun S. Jeon, Ke K. Zhang and Linglin Xie

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2545; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122545 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2157

Abstract

Recent studies have suggested that prevention of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) should start with maternal dietary management. We previously reported disrupted methionine cycle, associated with NAFLD, in male offspring liver due to maternal high-fat (HF) diet, thus we hypothesize that [...] Read more.

Recent studies have suggested that prevention of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) should start with maternal dietary management. We previously reported disrupted methionine cycle, associated with NAFLD, in male offspring liver due to maternal high-fat (HF) diet, thus we hypothesize that maternal one-carbon supplement may reduce the risk of NAFLD in offspring via the normalizing methionine cycle. To test it, female mice (F0) were exposed to either a maternal normal-fat diet (NF group) a maternal HF diet (HF group), or a maternal methyl donor supplement (H1S or H2S group) during gestation and lactation. The offspring male mice (F1) were exposed to a postweaning HF diet to promote NAFLD. While the HF offspring displayed obesity, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis, the H1S and H2S offspring avoided hepatic steatosis. This phenotype was associated with the normalization of the methionine cycle and the restoration of L-carnitine and AMPK activity. Furthermore, maternal HF diet induced epigenetic regulation of important genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation via DNA methylation modifications, which were recovered by maternal one-carbon supplementation. Our study provides evidence that maternal one-carbon supplement can reverse/block the adverse effects of maternal HF diet on promoting offspring NAFLD, suggesting a potential nutritional strategy that is administered to mothers to prevent NAFLD in the offspring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Supplements during Pregnancy)

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11 pages, 776 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Quality of Carbohydrate Metrics Related to Fasting Insulin, Glycosylated Hemoglobin and HOMA-IR in Brazilian Adolescents

by Camilla Medeiros Macedo da Rocha, Vanessa Proêza Maciel Gama, Amanda de Moura Souza, Edna Massae Yokoo, Eliseu Verly Junior, Katia Vergetti Bloch and Rosely Sichieri

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2544; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122544 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2301

Abstract

Low glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diets are effective for glycemic control (GC) associated with a carbohydrate-controlled meal plan. However, whether GI and GL peaks are related to GC is unknown. Objective: To compare the daily GI (DGI)/GL (DGL) and average [...] Read more.

Low glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diets are effective for glycemic control (GC) associated with a carbohydrate-controlled meal plan. However, whether GI and GL peaks are related to GC is unknown. Objective: To compare the daily GI (DGI)/GL (DGL) and average GI (AvGI)/GL (AvGL) of meals (accounting for peaks) related to GC markers (GCM) in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: A representative national school-based (public/private) sample of students without diabetes, 12–17 years of age, was evaluated. Food intake was based on a 24 h recall. The models for complex cluster sampling were adjusted (sex, sexual maturation, age, and physical activity). Results: Of 35,737 students, 74% were from public schools, 60% girls, 17% overweight, and 8% obese. The minimum DGI and DGL were observed at lunch, with higher values at night. Fasting insulin was 1.5 times higher in overweight/obese (OW) girls, and 1.7 times higher in OW boys than in normal-weight (NW) girls. The same trend was observed for the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OW = 2.82 vs. NW = 1.84 in girls; OW = 2.66 vs. NW = 1.54 in boys; p < 0.05). The daily and average metrics were greater for NW adolescents. Glycosylated hemoglobin was not associated with these metrics, except for AvGL. Insulin and HOMA-IR were associated with all metrics in NW adolescents, with greater coefficients associated with AvGL. Among overweight/obese adolescents, only GI metrics were associated (β = 0.23; AvGI and insulin) and appeared to have the best association with GCM. Conclusions: Among NW adolescents, GL is a better measure of carbohydrate quality, but for those with overweight/obesity, carbohydrate consumption is more associated with GC, probably because they eat/report small amounts of carbohydrates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Chronic Conditions)

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16 pages, 3407 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 Mitigates Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Pathologies in Wild-Type Mice

by Mona Abdelhamid, Chunyu Zhou, Cha-Gyun Jung and Makoto Michikawa

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2543; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122543 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3666

Abstract

Probiotics improve brain function, including memory and cognition, via the microbiome–gut–brain axis. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 (B. breve MCC1274) improves cognitive function in App^NL-G-F mice and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and mitigates Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathologies. However, its [...] Read more.

Probiotics improve brain function, including memory and cognition, via the microbiome–gut–brain axis. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 (B. breve MCC1274) improves cognitive function in App^NL-G-F mice and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and mitigates Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathologies. However, its effects on wild-type (WT) mice have not yet been explored. Thus, the effects of B. breve MCC1274 on AD-like pathologies in two-month-old WT mice were investigated, which were orally administered B. breve MCC1274 for four months. Aβ levels, amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP processing enzymes, phosphorylated tau, synaptic protein levels, glial activity, and cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, and normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Oral administration of B. breve MCC1274 in WT mice decreased soluble hippocampal Aβ42 levels by reducing presenilin1 protein levels, and reduced phosphorylated tau levels. It also activated the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway, which may be responsible for the reduction in presenilin1 levels and inhibition of tau phosphorylation. B. breve MCC1274 supplementation attenuated microglial activation and elevated synaptic protein levels in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that B. breve MCC1274 may mitigate AD-like pathologies in WT mice by decreasing Aβ42 levels, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, attenuating neuroinflammation, and improving synaptic protein levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Nutrition on Brain Metabolism and Disease)

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16 pages, 1245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Associations of Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration in Different Time Points and Its Changes during Pregnancy with Birth Weight Outcomes

by Zhicheng Peng, Shuting Si, Haoyue Cheng, Haibo Zhou, Peihan Chi, Minjia Mo, Yan Zhuang, Hui Liu and Yunxian Yu

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2542; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122542 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2243

Abstract

Maternal hemoglobin (Hb) is related to nutritional status, which affects neonatal birth weight. However, it is very common for maternal Hb to fluctuate during pregnancy. To evaluate the associations of maternal Hb in different time points and its changes during pregnancy with neonatal [...] Read more.

Maternal hemoglobin (Hb) is related to nutritional status, which affects neonatal birth weight. However, it is very common for maternal Hb to fluctuate during pregnancy. To evaluate the associations of maternal Hb in different time points and its changes during pregnancy with neonatal birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA)/low birth weight (LBW) and large for gestational age (LGA)/macrosomia, we conducted this study by using data from the Electronic Medical Record System (EMRS) database of Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital in Zhejiang province, China. The pregnancy was divided into five periods: first, early-second, mediate-second, late-second, early-third and late-third trimesters; we further calculated the maternal Hb changes during pregnancy. Overall, the socio-demographic characteristics, health-related information and childbirth-related information of 24,183 mother–infant pairs were obtained. The average Hb concentration during the different periods were 123.95 ± 10.14, 117.95 ± 9.84, 114.31 ± 9.03, 113.26 ± 8.82, 113.29 ± 8.68 and 115.01 ± 8.85 g/L, respectively. Significant dose–response relationships between maternal Hb and birth weight were observed in the first, late-second and later trimesters (p non-linear < 0.05). Maternal Hb < 100 g/L was related to a high risk of LGA/macrosomia in the late-second (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.83) and later trimesters; additionally, high maternal Hb (>140 g/L) increased the risk of SGA/LBW in the first (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57) and late-third trimesters (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.18). In addition, the increase in maternal Hb from the late-second to late-third trimesters had a positive correlation with SGA/LBW. In conclusion, maternal Hb markedly fluctuated during pregnancy; the negative dose–response association of maternal Hb in the late-second and third trimesters, and Hb change during pregnancy with neonatal birth weight outcomes were observed, respectively. Furthermore, the phenomenon of high Hb in the first trimester and after the late-second trimester and the increase of maternal Hb from the late-second to late-third trimesters more significantly increasing the risk of SGA/LBW should especially be given more attention. Its biological mechanism needs to be further explored. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients in Maternal and Infant Health: Where We Are and Where We Should Go)

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12 pages, 641 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Dietary Counselling on Achieving or Maintaining Normal Nutritional Status in Patients with Early and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Undergoing Perioperative Chemotherapy

by Magdalena Jodkiewicz, Agnieszka Jagiełło-Gruszfeld, Agnieszka Surwiłło-Snarska, Beata Kotowicz, Małgorzata Fuksiewicz and Maria Małgorzata Kowalska

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2541; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122541 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1988

Abstract

Background: Obesity is an independent prognostic factor and is associated with poorer response to oncological treatment of breast cancer. Obesity is associated with shorter overall survival and shorter time to recurrence. Material and methods: The study included 104 breast cancer patients qualified for [...] Read more.

Background: Obesity is an independent prognostic factor and is associated with poorer response to oncological treatment of breast cancer. Obesity is associated with shorter overall survival and shorter time to recurrence. Material and methods: The study included 104 breast cancer patients qualified for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The control group consisted of 40 patients who refused to participate in the study. Consultation before chemotherapy included: author’s diet questionnaire, body composition analysis, nutrition education. After chemotherapy, the effects of the first dietary advice were evaluated. Results: More than half of all women had a BMI above normal before treatment. Analysis of the effects of nutrition education showed a significant improvement in body composition. After education, a slight increase in body weight and a significant decrease in fat mass and fat percentage were observed. In women who did not participate in education, a statistically significantly greater increase in body weight after chemotherapy was noted. Nutrition education of the study group did not prevent adverse changes in lipid profile resulting from chemotherapy. Conclusions: Dietary counselling prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy may limit weight gain and may also influence fat mass reduction. Implementation of dietary recommendations does not guarantee maintenance of normal lipid parameters during chemotherapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

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18 pages, 340 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Food Service Staff in Bangladeshi Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Md. Hasan Al Banna, Md Shafiqul Islam Khan, Humayra Rezyona, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Mohammad Tazrian Abid, Tasnu Ara, Satyajit Kundu, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, John Elvis Hagan, Jr., Md. Abu Tareq, Musammet Rasheda Begum, Mohammad Faizul Tawhid Chowdhury and Thomas Schack

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2540; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122540 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4498

Abstract

Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among hospital food service staff are crucial in the prevention of foodborne disease outbreaks, as hospitalized patients are more vulnerable to potential hazards. This study, therefore, sought to assess the food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of [...] Read more.

Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among hospital food service staff are crucial in the prevention of foodborne disease outbreaks, as hospitalized patients are more vulnerable to potential hazards. This study, therefore, sought to assess the food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of food service staff in Bangladeshi hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 191 food service staff from seven different hospitals in Dhaka and Chattogram from October 2021 to March 2022 using pretested questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with the food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices. The findings showed moderate knowledge but high levels of attitudes and practices of food safety among hospital food handlers. Food safety knowledge was significantly higher among males, participants from private hospitals and participants working in a hospital that had a food service supervisor and dietitian in charge of food service operations. Moreover, participants from private hospitals and participants working in a hospital that had a food service supervisor and dietitian in charge of food service operations had more positive attitudes and better practices regarding food safety. Hospital management should consider these factors for enhancing food handlers’ knowledge and increase training and supervision on food safety practices to reduce foodborne diseases and outbreaks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)

17 pages, 3632 KiB

Open AccessArticle

¹H NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveals the Intrinsic Interaction of Age, Plasma Signature Metabolites, and Nutrient Intake in the Longevity Population in Guangxi, China

by He Li, Minhong Ren and Quanyang Li

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2539; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122539 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2658

Abstract

Health and longevity populations have distinct metabolic and nutrient intake profiles. However, the relationship between biomarkers of longevity-related metabolites and dietary nutrient intake profiles, as well as metabolic markers associated with longevity features, have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, ¹H nuclear magnetic [...] Read more.

Health and longevity populations have distinct metabolic and nutrient intake profiles. However, the relationship between biomarkers of longevity-related metabolites and dietary nutrient intake profiles, as well as metabolic markers associated with longevity features, have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR)-based plasma metabolomics profiling was conducted in the present study to identify potential metabolites which can be used as specific markers for the evaluation of healthy aging. Plasma samples were obtained from centenarians and nonagenarians from the longevous region, and elderly participants aged 60–89 from the longevous region, as well as a low centenarian ratio region. The results showed that participants from longevous regions exhibited higher plasma levels of citrate, tyrosine, choline, carnitine, and valine, as well as lower contents of VLDL, lactate, alanine, N-acetyl glycoprotein (NAG), trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), α-glucose, β-glucose, and unsaturated lipids. The differential plasma metabolites were associated with an alteration in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis in participants from longevous regions. The signature metabolites were associated with higher dietary fiber intake, as well as lower energy and fat intake. The results of the present study demonstrate key longevity signature metabolites in plasma, and the dietary patterns identified provide a basis for further health and longevity research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health)

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10 pages, 582 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Calcium Supplementation, Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Mortality: A Real-World Study of the Korean National Health Insurance Service Data

by Jae-Min Park, Bora Lee, Young-Sang Kim, Kyung-Won Hong, Yon Chul Park, Dong Hyeok Shin, Yonghwan Kim, Kunhee Han, Kwangyoon Kim, Junghwa Shin, Mina Kim and Bom-Taeck Kim

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2538; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122538 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3399

Abstract

Few studies have investigated the effects of calcium supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with low calcium intake in real-world settings. This study examined the association between calcium supplementation and cardiovascular outcomes in the Korean population in a real-world setting. This large retrospective [...] Read more.

Few studies have investigated the effects of calcium supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with low calcium intake in real-world settings. This study examined the association between calcium supplementation and cardiovascular outcomes in the Korean population in a real-world setting. This large retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥45 years first prescribed calcium supplements in 2010. Age- and sex-matched controls were recruited among those who had no prescription for calcium supplements. Longitudinal data were collected on 31 December 2018. Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed. The cumulative incidence of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and death was significantly higher in the calcium supplementation group than in the control group (p < 0.05 by log-rank test). The calcium supplementation group had a significantly higher risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and death than the control group. Compared to the control group, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of the incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death in the supplementation group were 1.14 (1.03–1.27), 1.12 (1.05–1.20), and 1.40 (1.32–1.50), respectively, after adjusting for confounding variables. Considering the associated cardiovascular risk, calcium supplementation for osteoporosis treatment should be administered cautiously. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)

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14 pages, 1364 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early and Strong Leptin Reduction Is Predictive for Long-Term Weight Loss during High-Protein, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement—A Subanalysis of the Randomised-Controlled ACOORH Trial

by Kerstin Kempf, Martin Röhling, Winfried Banzer, Klaus Michael Braumann, Martin Halle, Nina Schaller, David McCarthy, Hans Georg Predel, Isabelle Schenkenberger, Susanne Tan, Hermann Toplak, Stephan Martin, Aloys Berg and ACOORH Study Group

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2537; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122537 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2745

Abstract

Lifestyle interventions including meal replacement are suitable for prevention and treatment of obesity and type-2-diabetes. Since leptin is involved in weight regulation, we hypothesised that a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention would reduce leptin levels more effectively than lifestyle intervention alone. In the international, [...] Read more.

Lifestyle interventions including meal replacement are suitable for prevention and treatment of obesity and type-2-diabetes. Since leptin is involved in weight regulation, we hypothesised that a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention would reduce leptin levels more effectively than lifestyle intervention alone. In the international, multicentre, randomised-controlled ACOORH-trial (Almased-Concept-against-Overweight-and-Obesity-and-Related- Health-Risk), overweight or obese participants with metabolic syndrome criteria (n = 463) were randomised into two groups and received telemonitoring devices and nutritional advice. The intervention group additionally used a protein-rich, low-glycaemic meal replacement. Data were collected at baseline, after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. All datasets providing leptin data (n = 427) were included in this predefined subanalysis. Serum leptin levels significantly correlated with sex, body mass index, weight, and fat mass at baseline (p < 0.0001). Stronger leptin reduction has been observed in the intervention compared to the control group with the lowest levels after 1 month of intervention (estimated treatment difference −3.4 µg/L [1.4; 5.4] for females; −2.2 µg/L [1.2; 3.3] for males; p < 0.001 each) and was predictive for stronger reduction of body weight and fat mass (p < 0.001 each) over 12 months. Strongest weight loss was observed after 6 months (−5.9 ± 5.1 kg in females of the intervention group vs. −2.9 ± 4.9 kg in the control group (p < 0.0001); −6.8 ± 5.3 kg vs. −4.1 ± 4.4 kg (p = 0.003) in males) and in those participants with combined leptin and insulin decrease. A meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention effectively reduces leptin which is predictive for long-term weight loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Proteins and Amino Acids)

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21 pages, 440 KiB

Open AccessReview

Intermittent Fasting: Potential Utility in the Treatment of Chronic Pain across the Clinical Spectrum

by Jesse P. Caron, Margaret Ann Kreher, Angela M. Mickle, Stanley Wu, Rene Przkora, Irene M. Estores and Kimberly T. Sibille

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2536; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122536 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 9909

Abstract

Dietary behavior can have a consequential and wide-ranging influence on human health. Intermittent fasting, which involves intermittent restriction in energy intake, has been shown to have beneficial cellular, physiological, and system-wide effects in animal and human studies. Despite the potential utility in preventing, [...] Read more.

Dietary behavior can have a consequential and wide-ranging influence on human health. Intermittent fasting, which involves intermittent restriction in energy intake, has been shown to have beneficial cellular, physiological, and system-wide effects in animal and human studies. Despite the potential utility in preventing, slowing, and reversing disease processes, the clinical application of intermittent fasting remains limited. The health benefits associated with the simple implementation of a 12 to 16 h fast suggest a promising role in the treatment of chronic pain. A literature review was completed to characterize the physiologic benefits of intermittent fasting and to relate the evidence to the mechanisms underlying chronic pain. Research on different fasting regimens is outlined and an overview of research demonstrating the benefits of intermittent fasting across diverse health conditions is provided. Data on the physiologic effects of intermittent fasting are summarized. The physiology of different pain states is reviewed and the possible implications for intermittent fasting in the treatment of chronic pain through non-invasive management, prehabilitation, and rehabilitation following injury and invasive procedures are presented. Evidence indicates the potential utility of intermittent fasting in the comprehensive management of chronic pain and warrants further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Nutrition for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)

17 pages, 860 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Barriers and Motivators to Dietary Adherence among Caregivers of Children with Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism (AAMDs): A Qualitative Study

by Jing Ying Lim, Roslee Rajikan, Noh Amit, Nazlena Mohamad Ali, Haslina Abdul Hamid, Huey Yin Leong, Maslina Mohamad, Bi Qi Koh and Aini Musa

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2535; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122535 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2579

Abstract

Dietary intervention is generally accepted as the mainstay of treatment for patients with disorders of amino acid metabolism (AAMDs). However, dietary adherence to a low-protein diet is always reported as a common challenge among these patients. This study explored the perception of barriers [...] Read more.

Dietary intervention is generally accepted as the mainstay of treatment for patients with disorders of amino acid metabolism (AAMDs). However, dietary adherence to a low-protein diet is always reported as a common challenge among these patients. This study explored the perception of barriers and motivators to dietary adherence among caregivers of AAMD patients in Malaysia. Twenty caregivers of children with AAMDs receiving ongoing treatment at the genetic clinic participated in an online focus group discussion from November to December 2021. Findings showed a total of five interrelated main themes identified from focus group discussion (FGD) exploring parents’ experiences related to the management of their child’s daily diet. The barriers to dietary adherence were burden of dietary treatment, diet and dietary behavior, parenting challenges, limited knowledge related to dietary treatment, and challenges in healthcare system delivery. Key factors facilitating good dietary adherence include good knowledge of dietary treatment, parental coping strategies, social coping, and dietary behavior. In conclusion, despite the existence of several barriers to the implementation of dietary treatment, caregivers managed to use a wide range of coping strategies to overcome some, if not all, of the challenges. The important next step is to develop, in conjunction with multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, feasible implementation strategies that could address these barriers and at the same time improve the quality of life of caregivers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Health and Disease)

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16 pages, 1080 KiB

Open AccessReview

Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy?

by Alessio Alesci, Simona Pergolizzi, Angelo Fumia, Anthea Miller, Caterina Cernigliaro, Maria Zaccone, Vanessa Salamone, Enza Mastrantonio, Sebastiano Gangemi, Giovanni Pioggia and Nicola Cicero

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2534; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122534 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3497

Abstract

The immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. [...] Read more.

The immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. These containment measures have contributed to exacerbate situations of anxiety and stress, especially in pregnant women, who are already particularly anxious about their condition. Alterations in the psychological state of pregnant women are related to alterations in the immune system, which is more vulnerable under stress. COVID-19 could therefore find fertile soil in these individuals and risk more severe forms. Normally a controlled dietary regimen is followed during pregnancy, but the use of particular vitamins and micronutrients can help counteract depressive-anxiety states and stress, can improve the immune system, and provide an additional weapon in the defense against COVID-19 to bring the pregnancy to fruition. This review aims to gather data on the impact of COVID-19 on the immune system and psychological condition of pregnant women and to assess whether some micronutrients can improve their psychophysical symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition in Women)

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9 pages, 920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Validation of the Italian Version of the SARC-F Questionnaire to Assess Sarcopenia in Older Adults

by Simone Perna, Clara Gasparri, Cinzia Ferraris, Gaetan Claude Barrile, Alessandro Cavioni, Francesca Mansueto, Zaira Patelli, Gabriella Peroni, Alice Tartara, Marco Zese and Mariangela Rondanelli

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2533; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122533 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2189

Abstract

Background: SARC-F is a simple sarcopenia screening tool. This study aimed to examine the validity of the Italian version of SARC-F. Methods: A total of 97 elderly individuals (37/60 males/females, 65 years and older) who met the study’s selection criteria were included. SARC-F [...] Read more.

Background: SARC-F is a simple sarcopenia screening tool. This study aimed to examine the validity of the Italian version of SARC-F. Methods: A total of 97 elderly individuals (37/60 males/females, 65 years and older) who met the study’s selection criteria were included. SARC-F was translated into the Italian language in a culturally responsive manner. The total score was calculated by adding the scores on the five items. The participants were divided into two groups according to the total score (SARC-F < 4 vs. SARC-F ≥ 4), and their associations with various factors (handgrip test, chair stand test, and Skeletal Muscle Index assessed by DXA) have been examined by gender. In addition, the tool’s validity was analyzed by comparing it with different international working group diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Results: The total prevalence of sarcopenia according to the SARC-F was 14.2% and, specifically, 12.8% among men and 14.3% in women. The sensitivity of the SARC-F was (male (M): 11–50% and female (F): 22–36%) medium-low compared with the European, international, and Asian criteria of sarcopenia; however, SARC-F showed a high specificity (M: 77.3–100% and F: 79.5–100%) and a moderate Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of (0.669 (CI95%: 0.358–0.830). The participants in the SARC-F ≥ 4 group had poorer handgrip for EWGSOP2 (p < 0.001) and chair stand (p < 0.001) than the participants in the SARC-F < 4 group. Conclusions: The Italian language version of SARC-F showed high specificity, moderate reliability, and good associations with other predictive tests. The Italian version of SARC-F appears to be a useful screening tool for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Italian elderly populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Nutrition in Aging-Related Obesity, Sarcopenia, Osteoporosis and Chronic Disease)

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11 pages, 291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Management of Central Venous Catheters in Children and Adults on Home Parenteral Nutrition: A French Survey of Current Practice

by Julien Gotchac, Florian Poullenot, Dominique Guimber, Emmanuelle Ecochard-Dugelay, Stéphane Schneider, Noël Peretti, Lore Billiauws, Corinne Borderon, Anne Breton, Emilie Chaillou Legault, Cécile Chambrier, Aurélie Comte, Marie-Edith Coste, Djamal Djeddi, Béatrice Dubern, Claire Dupont, Lucile Espeso, Philippe Fayemendy, Nicolas Flori, Ginette Fotsing, Swellen Gastineau, Olivier Goulet, Emeline Guiot, Adam Jirka, Jeanne Languepin, Sabrina Layec, Didier Quilliot, Laurent Rebouissoux, David Seguy, Isabelle Talon, Anne Turquet, Marjolaine Vallee, Stéphanie Willot, Thierry Lamireau and Raphael Enaud Show full author list Hide full author list

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2532; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122532 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1944

Abstract

Although central venous catheter (CVC)-related thrombosis (CRT) is a severe complication of home parenteral nutrition (HPN), the amount and quality of data in the diagnosis and management of CRT remain low. We aimed to describe current practices regarding CVC management in French adult [...] Read more.

Although central venous catheter (CVC)-related thrombosis (CRT) is a severe complication of home parenteral nutrition (HPN), the amount and quality of data in the diagnosis and management of CRT remain low. We aimed to describe current practices regarding CVC management in French adult and pediatric HPN centers, with a focus on CVC obstruction and CRT. Current practices regarding CVC management in patients on HPN were collected by an online-based cross-sectional survey sent to expert physicians of French HPN centers. We compared these practices to published guidelines and searched for differences between pediatric and adult HPN centers’ practices. Finally, we examined the heterogeneity of practices in both pediatric and adult HPN centers. The survey was completed by 34 centers, including 21 pediatric and 13 adult centers. We found a considerable heterogeneity, especially in the responses of pediatric centers. On some points, the centers’ responses differed from the current guidelines. We also found significant differences between practices in adult and pediatric centers. We conclude that the management of CVC and CRT in patients on HPN is a serious and complex situation for which there is significant heterogeneity between HPN centers. These findings highlight the need for more well-designed clinical trials in this field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intravenous Feeding in Infants and Children)

14 pages, 2518 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Food Pantry Use and Barriers in Massachusetts during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

by James P. Marriott, Lauren Fiechtner, Nick W. Birk, Daniel Taitelbaum, Angela Odoms-Young, Norbert L. Wilson, Lauren A. Clay and Rachel M. Zack

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2531; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122531 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3349

Abstract

This study sought to describe racial disparities in food insecurity, food pantry use, and barriers to and experiences with food pantries during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 2928 adults in Massachusetts regarding food access in the year before and [...] Read more.

This study sought to describe racial disparities in food insecurity, food pantry use, and barriers to and experiences with food pantries during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 2928 adults in Massachusetts regarding food access in the year before and during the first year of the pandemic. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models assessed racial differences in barriers to and experiences with pantry use during the pandemic. Black and Latino adults experienced the highest prevalence of food insecurity and pantry use. Additionally, Black and Latino adults reported more barriers to, but less stigma around, pantry use compared to White adults. Latino adults were less likely to know about pantry hours/locations and encounter staff who spoke their language. Black and Latino adults were also more likely to find pantry hours/locations inconvenient and have difficulty with transportation. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased food insecurity, and food access inequities persisted. Programmatic policies to improve pantry access in communities of color could include increasing the hours/days that pantries are open, increasing bilingual staff, providing transportation or delivery, and creating multilingual public awareness campaigns on how to locate pantries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Examining Linkages among Food Insecurity, Food Systems, and Public Health)

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14 pages, 2466 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ferulic Acid Prevents Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Promoting Fatty Acid Oxidation and Energy Expenditure in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

by Zhixin Luo, Mengqian Li, Qiong Yang, Yuhong Zhang, Fang Liu, Lan Gong, Lin Han and Min Wang

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2530; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122530 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2846

Abstract

There is a consensus that ferulic acid (FA), the most prominent phenolic acid in whole grains, displays a protective effect in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), though its underlying mechanism not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of FA [...] Read more.

There is a consensus that ferulic acid (FA), the most prominent phenolic acid in whole grains, displays a protective effect in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), though its underlying mechanism not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of FA on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice and its potential mechanism. C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control diet (CON) group, the HFD group, and the treatment (HFD+FA) group, fed with an HFD and FA (100 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 12 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Oil Red O staining were used to evaluate liver tissue pathological changes and lipid accumulation respectively. It was demonstrated that FA supplementation prevented HFD-induced NAFLD, which was evidenced by the decreased accumulation of lipid and hepatic steatosis in the HFD+FA group. Specifically, FA supplementation decreased hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) content by 33.5% (p < 0.01). Metabolic cage studies reveal that FA-treated mice have elevated energy expenditure by 11.5% during dark phases. Mechanistically, FA treatment increases the expression of rate-limiting enzymes of fatty acid oxidation and ketone body biosynthesis CPT1A, ACOX1 and HMGCS2, which are the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα) targets in liver. In conclusion, FA could effectively prevent HFD-induced NAFLD possibly by activating PPARα to increase energy expenditure and decrease the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Dietary Whole Grain and Its Phytochemicals in Diabetes, Insulin Resistance and Obesity)

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25 pages, 2867 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Arabinoxylan-Based Microcapsules Being Loaded with Bee Products as Bioactive Food Components Are Able to Modulate the Cell Migration and Inflammatory Response—In Vitro Study

by Gabriela Kowalska, Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek, Karolina Miśkiewicz, Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda, Sascha Rohn, Clemens Kanzler, Magdalena Wiktorska and Jolanta Niewiarowska

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2529; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122529 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2349

Abstract

The aim of the research was to use bioactive heteropolysaccharides isolated from rye bran to obtain innovative systems for the controlled release of bioactive compounds. The core of the obtained encapsulates was honey and royal jelly. It was shown for the first time [...] Read more.

The aim of the research was to use bioactive heteropolysaccharides isolated from rye bran to obtain innovative systems for the controlled release of bioactive compounds. The core of the obtained encapsulates was honey and royal jelly. It was shown for the first time that preparations effectively ameliorated inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, decreasing the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). The in vitro digestion process revealed that bee products’ encapsulates were stronger oxidative stress reducers and had sustained ability to reduction in inflammation state mediators. The lack of inhibitory effect on migration rate of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) endothelial cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH-3T3), both cell models involved in wound healing process, additionally identified these preparations as agents potentially used in the management of inflammatory response. In the process of a simulated digestion in vitro, the innovative microcapsules showed 85% higher biostability and two to ten times better bioavailability, compared to natural bee products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemicals and Human Health)

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17 pages, 761 KiB

Open AccessReview

Faecal Microbiota Transplantation and Chronic Kidney Disease

by Ji Bian, Ann Liebert, Brian Bicknell, Xin-Ming Chen, Chunling Huang and Carol A. Pollock

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2528; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122528 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3902

Abstract

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has attracted increasing attention as an intervention in many clinical conditions, including autoimmune, enteroendocrine, gastroenterological, and neurological diseases. For years, FMT has been an effective second-line treatment for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with beneficial outcomes. FMT is also promising [...] Read more.

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has attracted increasing attention as an intervention in many clinical conditions, including autoimmune, enteroendocrine, gastroenterological, and neurological diseases. For years, FMT has been an effective second-line treatment for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with beneficial outcomes. FMT is also promising in improving bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that this microbiota-based intervention may influence the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) via modifying a dysregulated gut–kidney axis. Despite the high morbidity and mortality due to CKD, there are limited options for treatment until end-stage kidney disease occurs, which results in death, dialysis, or kidney transplantation. This imposes a significant financial and health burden on the individual, their families and careers, and the health system. Recent studies have suggested that strategies to reverse gut dysbiosis using FMT are a promising therapy in CKD. This review summarises the preclinical and clinical evidence and postulates the potential therapeutic effect of FMT in the management of CKD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Disease Development: Present and Future)

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12 pages, 996 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long Term Physical Activity Improves Quality of Life Perception, Healthy Nutrition, and Daily Life Management in Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Giovanni Fiorilli, Andrea Buonsenso, Marco Centorbi, Giuseppe Calcagno, Enzo Iuliano, Antonella Angiolillo, Santina Ciccotelli, Alessandra di Cagno and Alfonso Di Costanzo

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2527; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122527 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3108

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) is a key element in the management of successful aging. The aim of this paper was to show the effects of PA on the quality of life perception, nutritional status, and daily life management of 178 older adults (aged 63.87 [...] Read more.

Physical activity (PA) is a key element in the management of successful aging. The aim of this paper was to show the effects of PA on the quality of life perception, nutritional status, and daily life management of 178 older adults (aged 63.87 ± 8.17) randomly assigned to an Experimental Group (EG), which performed moderate-to-high intensity aerobic and strengthening training, and a Control Group (CG) which performed low-impact PA, assessed after 6, 12, and 24 months. The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) were used for the study. In the SF-36 assessment, EG showed a good quality of life perception maintained after 24 months, while CG showed a worsening in the same period (p = 0.018). The EG reported a significant better nutritional status as compared to pre-intervention assessment (p = 0.003) and to CG (p < 0.001). Regarding the PASE, the EG showed a higher level of weekly activities than the CG after 24 months (p = 0.011), while the CG showed a worsening after 12 months (p = 0.008). The prolonged engagement in moderate-to high-intensity PA allowed the maintenance of a good quality of life perception, a good level of nutritional status, and daily life activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Nutrition)

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48 pages, 1726 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Impact of Zinc Transport Mechanisms on Embryonic and Brain Development

by Jeremy Willekens and Loren W. Runnels

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2526; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122526 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3398

Abstract

The trace element zinc (Zn) binds to over ten percent of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Zn flexible chemistry allows it to regulate the activity of hundreds of enzymes and influence scores of metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. Deficiency of Zn in [...] Read more.

The trace element zinc (Zn) binds to over ten percent of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Zn flexible chemistry allows it to regulate the activity of hundreds of enzymes and influence scores of metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. Deficiency of Zn in humans has a profound effect on development and in adults later in life, particularly in the brain, where Zn deficiency is linked to several neurological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the importance of Zn during development through a description of the outcomes of both genetic and early dietary Zn deficiency, focusing on the pathological consequences on the whole body and brain. The epidemiology and the symptomology of Zn deficiency in humans will be described, including the most studied inherited Zn deficiency disease, Acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, we will give an overview of the different forms and animal models of Zn deficiency, as well as the 24 Zn transporters, distributed into two families: the ZIPs and the ZnTs, which control the balance of Zn throughout the body. Lastly, we will describe the TRPM7 ion channel, which was recently shown to contribute to intestinal Zn absorption and has its own significant impact on early embryonic development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Link between Dietary Minerals and Human Health)

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Nutrients, Volume 14, Issue 12 (June-2 2022) – 195 articles

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