Nutrients

14 pages, 966 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Dietary Pattern on Metabolic Syndrome in a Suburban Population in Shanghai, China

by Lanxin Wei, Jing Fan, Ruihua Dong, Mei Zhang, Yonggen Jiang, Qi Zhao, Genming Zhao, Bo Chen, Jing Li and Shaojie Liu

Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2185; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092185 - 04 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1597

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as one of the most severe non-communicable chronic diseases. Diet plays an essential role in the development and exacerbation of MetS. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and MetS in a suburban population [...] Read more.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as one of the most severe non-communicable chronic diseases. Diet plays an essential role in the development and exacerbation of MetS. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and MetS in a suburban population in Shanghai, China. Data were collected on the Zhongshan community from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) study between May and September 2017. A total of 5426 participants who completed the questionnaire investigation, physical measurements, and biological sample collection were effectively enrolled in this study. Both posteriori and priori methods were utilized to generate different dietary patterns, including the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diet (MD). The prevalence of MetS in this study was 22.47%. Compared to the reference, dietary patterns with a higher intake of “dairy and fruits” and “coarse cereals and soy products” had protective effects on MetS (p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation with MetS was observed for DASH and MD. Our study recommends higher consumption of fruits, coarse cereals, and soy products, which was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS in the suburban population of Shanghai. The correlation of DASH and MD with MetS in the Chinese population requires further exploration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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10 pages, 607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Posteriori Dietary Patterns and Coronary Artery Disease in a Greek Case–Control Study

by Maria Dimitriou, Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati, Loukianos S. Rallidis, Genovefa Kolovou and George V. Dedoussis

Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4733; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224733 - 09 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 853

Abstract

Introduction: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors associated with cardiovascular health (CH). Research identifying dietary patterns (DPs) through data-driven analysis and reporting associations between DPs and coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes is rather limited. Objective: The aim of the [...] Read more.

Introduction: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors associated with cardiovascular health (CH). Research identifying dietary patterns (DPs) through data-driven analysis and reporting associations between DPs and coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes is rather limited. Objective: The aim of the present report was to generate DPs through factor analysis (FA) and to examine their association with CAD risk. Methods: Participants (n = 1017) consisted of cases diagnosed with CAD (n = 356) and controls (n = 661) drawn from the THISEAS study. Demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle data were collected. Dietary components were generated through FA. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate CAD relative risks. Results: FA generated seven dietary components, explaining 53.5% of the total variation in intake. The Western-type DP showed a modest significant association with CAD risk, after controlling for confounders (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.09–1.32, p < 0.001). The vegetarian-type DP was not significantly associated with the likelihood of CAD (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.84–1.04, p = 0.259). Discussion: The Western-type DP was positively associated with CAD risk and the odds were further increased after controlling for confounders. This finding is in concordance with previously reported positive associations between Western patterns and CAD risk. Limited data exist regarding a posteriori DPs and their effect on CAD risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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15 pages, 769 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity—A New Indicator of Healthy Diet Quality in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Polish Cross-Sectional Study

by Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko, Anna Waśkiewicz, Anna Maria Witkowska, Alicja Cicha-Mikołajczyk, Kinga Zujko and Wojciech Drygas

Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3219; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153219 - 06 Aug 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2348

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as healthy diet quality, in a representative sample (n = 5690) of the whole Polish adult population (WOBASZ II [...] Read more.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as healthy diet quality, in a representative sample (n = 5690) of the whole Polish adult population (WOBASZ II study). Daily food consumption was estimated by the single 24 h dietary recall method. Antioxidant vitamins (C, E, and β-carotene) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu) from the diet and supplements were calculated using 5D Diet software, and dietary total polyphenol intake (DTPI) was determined using the Phenol-Explorer database and our database. Total diet quality was measured by the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for the prevention of CVD. DTAC was calculated using the data on food consumption and the antioxidant potential of foods measured by the FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential) method. It was shown that higher DTAC was associated with a higher intake of polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, a higher quartile of DTAC was associated with a reduced odds ratio for cardiovascular diseases in a Polish population, as well as with a higher HDI. Therefore, dietary recommendations for the prevention and therapy of CVDs should take into account a high DTAC. DTAC, measured by the FRAP method, can be considered an indicator of healthy diet quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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16 pages, 670 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relation of Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Profile to Hepatic Fibrosis in a Sample of Lebanese Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients

by Nicole Fakhoury Sayegh, Gessica N. H. A. Heraoui, Hassan Younes, Lea Nicole Sayegh, Christa Boulos and Raymond Sayegh

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2554; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122554 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2167

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver injury worldwide. NAFLD can evolve into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional profile and dietary patterns of NAFLD Lebanese patients and [...] Read more.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver injury worldwide. NAFLD can evolve into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional profile and dietary patterns of NAFLD Lebanese patients and to report the type of diet-related to the presence of hepatic fibrosis. We hypothesized that the traditional pattern was related to a low risk of fibrosis. This cross-sectional study included 320 eligible Lebanese NAFLD patients. Three dietary patterns were identified: the Traditional diet, the High Fruit diet, and the Westernized diet. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between high adherence to the traditional diet and absence of hepatic fibrosis with a decreased risk of 82%, p = 0.031 after adjusting for its covariables. Fruits were absent from this dietary pattern. Although our results pointed to a possible relationship between fibrosis in NAFLD patients and fruit intake, experimental studies are needed to show whether this is a causal relationship. However, the results obtained in this study may contribute to the planning of dietary interventions and recommendations and enable a better follow-up for NAFLD patients with fibrosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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14 pages, 3008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship among Bowel [18]F-FDG PET Uptake, Pathological Complete Response, and Eating Habits in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

by Paola Tiberio, Lidija Antunovic, Mariangela Gaudio, Alessandro Viganò, Manuela Pastore, Chiara Miggiano, Flavia Jacobs, Chiara Benvenuti, Elisabetta Farina, Arturo Chiti, Armando Santoro and Rita De Sanctis

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010211 - 01 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2375

Abstract

Recently, the impact of patients’ eating habits on both breast cancer (BC) management and inflammation have been proven. Here, we investigated whether inflammatory habits could correlate with baseline bowel [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and the latter, in turn, with pathological Complete Response (pCR) to [...] Read more.

Recently, the impact of patients’ eating habits on both breast cancer (BC) management and inflammation have been proven. Here, we investigated whether inflammatory habits could correlate with baseline bowel [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and the latter, in turn, with pathological Complete Response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We included stage I–III BC undergoing standard NAC at IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Italy. Patients fulfilled a survey concerning eating/lifestyle behaviors and performed a staging [18]F-FDG positrone emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). In the absence of data on the effects of individual foods, we aggregated drink and food intake for their known inflammatory properties. Data were recorded for 82 women (median age, 48). We found positive correlations between colon mean standardized uptake value (SUV_mean) and pro-inflammatory drinks (alcohol and spirits; r = +0.33, p < 0.01) and foods (red and cured meats; r = +0.25, p = 0.04), and a significant negative correlation between rectum SUV_mean and anti-inflammatory foods (fruits and vegetables; r = −0.23, p = 0.04). Furthermore, colon SUV_mean was significantly lower in patients with pCR compared to non pCR (p = 0.02). Our study showed, for the first time, that patients’ eating habits affected bowel [18]F-FDG uptake and that colon SUV_mean correlated with pCR, suggesting that PET scan could be an instrument for identifying patients presenting unhealthy behaviors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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13 pages, 269 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Updated Meal Patterns in the Child and Adult Care Food Program and Changes in Quality of Food and Beverages Served: A Natural Experimental Study

by Tatiana Andreyeva, Rebecca S. Mozaffarian and Erica L. Kenney

Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3786; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183786 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1406

Abstract

With diet-related chronic diseases being the largest contributors to U.S. morbidity and mortality, identifying population-level strategies to promote healthier diets is essential. Intervention during early childhood may be particularly important. The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), a federal nutrition assistance program [...] Read more.

With diet-related chronic diseases being the largest contributors to U.S. morbidity and mortality, identifying population-level strategies to promote healthier diets is essential. Intervention during early childhood may be particularly important. The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), a federal nutrition assistance program in the U.S. that supports serving meals and snacks in child care settings, reaches millions of U.S. children. Recent 2017 updates to CACFP’s meal patterns were meant to improve the nutritional quality of food served through CACFP by providing more whole grains, fruit, and vegetables. In this study, we used a natural experimental, longitudinal study of child care centers participating in CACFP compared to nonparticipating centers to assess whether the quality of food and beverages served (per menu analysis) improved following the CACFP meal pattern changes. While we found that CACFP centers were more likely to meet several key nutrition standards in comparison to non-CACFP centers overall, there were no differences in menu quality from before to after the 2017 standards change between CACFP and non-CACFP centers. Nutrition standards for CACFP may need to be further strengthened with adequate financial and technical support given to child care programs for effective implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

13 pages, 294 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Dietary Patterns, Cardiometabolic and Lifestyle Variables in Greeks with Obesity and Metabolic Disorders

by Charalampia Amerikanou, Stamatia-Angeliki Kleftaki, Evdokia Valsamidou, Chara Tzavara, Aristea Gioxari and Andriana C. Kaliora

Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5064; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235064 - 28 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2349

Abstract

There is considerable evidence that some dietary patterns contribute to obesity and metabolic disorders but there is less data on diet’s association with different health parameters. We investigated the interaction between different dietary patterns and anthropometric, biochemical, lifestyle, and psychological health parameters in [...] Read more.

There is considerable evidence that some dietary patterns contribute to obesity and metabolic disorders but there is less data on diet’s association with different health parameters. We investigated the interaction between different dietary patterns and anthropometric, biochemical, lifestyle, and psychological health parameters in a Greek population with obesity and metabolic disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Greece with a thorough and holistic approach in analyzing such relationships. For assessing food patterns, revealing underlying structures, and reducing the number of variables we applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Principal Component Analysis was chosen as the extraction method using Varimax rotation, and three regression sets were computed. The study involved 146 Greek metabolically unhealthy obese adults, both men and women. Our cohort was categorized into four dietary patterns: “Western type diet”, “Mediterranean-like diet”, “Healthy diet”, and “Animal meat and sauces diet”. Dietary patterns characterized by a high consumption of energy-dense and animal-derived foods were positively associated with anthropometric and biochemical parameters related to metabolic disorders. Plant-based, healthier dietary patterns, on the other hand, were associated with better biochemical and mental health profiles among metabolically unhealthy obese individuals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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12 pages, 1263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Patterns and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with NAFLD: A Prospective Analysis of 128,695 UK Biobank Participants

by Zhening Liu, Hangkai Huang, Jiarong Xie and Chengfu Xu

Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020271 - 05 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2311

Abstract

Large longitudinal studies exploring the role of dietary patterns in the assessment of long-term outcomes of NAFLD are still lacking. We conducted a prospective analysis of 128,695 UK Biobank participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk associated with two [...] Read more.

Large longitudinal studies exploring the role of dietary patterns in the assessment of long-term outcomes of NAFLD are still lacking. We conducted a prospective analysis of 128,695 UK Biobank participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk associated with two dietary patterns for long-term outcomes of NAFLD. During a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 1925 cases of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and 12,466 deaths occurred in patients with NAFLD. Compared with patients in the lowest quintile, those in the highest quintile of the diet quality score was negatively associated with the risks of ESLD and all-cause mortality (HR_Q5vsQ1: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66–0.87, p < 0.001; HR_Q5vsQ1: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79–0.88, p < 0.001, respectively). NAFLD patients with high-quality carbohydrate patterns carried a 0.74-fold risk of ESLD and a 0.86-fold risk of all-cause mortality (HR_Q5vsQ1: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65–0.86, p < 0.001; HR_Q5vsQ1: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82–0.91, p < 0.001, respectively). For prudent dietary patterns rich in vegetables, fruits and fish, the adjusted HR _Q5vsQ1 (95% CI) was 0.87 (0.76–0.99) and 0.94 (0.89–0.99) for ESLD and all-cause mortality of NAFLD patients. There was a U-shaped association between the meat-rich dietary pattern and all-cause mortality in patients with NAFLD. These findings suggest that a diet characterized by a high-quality, high intake of vegetables, fruits, fish and whole grains as well as an appropriate intake of meat, was associated with a lower risk of adverse outcomes of NAFLD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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12 pages, 1267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Healthy Diet, Polygenic Risk Score, and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank

by Wenmin Liu, Tianpei Wang, Meng Zhu and Guangfu Jin

Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061344 - 10 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2457

Abstract

Dietary and genetic factors are considered to be associated with UGI cancer risk. However, examinations of the effect of healthy diet on UGI cancer risk and the extent to which healthy diet modifies the impact of genetic susceptibility on UGI cancer remains limited. [...] Read more.

Dietary and genetic factors are considered to be associated with UGI cancer risk. However, examinations of the effect of healthy diet on UGI cancer risk and the extent to which healthy diet modifies the impact of genetic susceptibility on UGI cancer remains limited. Associations were analyzed through Cox regression of the UK Biobank data (n = 415,589). Healthy diet, based on “healthy diet score,” was determined according to fruit, vegetables, grains, fish, and meat consumption. We compared adherence to healthy diet and the risk of UGI cancer. We also constructed a UGI polygenic risk score (UGI-PRS) to assess the combined effect of genetic risk and healthy diet. For the results high adherence to healthy diet reduced 24% UGI cancer risk (HR _{high-quality diet}: 0.76 (0.62–0.93), p = 0.009). A combined effect of high genetic risk and unhealthy diet on UGI cancer risk was observed, with HR reaching 1.60 (1.20–2.13, p = 0.001). Among participants with high genetic risk, the absolute five-year incidence risk of UGI cancer was significantly reduced, from 0.16% to 0.10%, by having a healthy diet. In summary, healthy diet decreased UGI cancer risk, and individuals with high genetic risk can attenuate UGI cancer risk by adopting a healthy diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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23 pages, 755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Patterns, Socio-Demographic Predictors Thereof, and Associations of Dietary Patterns with Stunting and Overweight/Obesity in 1–<10-Year-Old Children in Two Economically Active Provinces in South Africa

by Marjanne Senekal, Johanna H. Nel, Gabriel Eksteen and Nelia P. Steyn

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4136; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194136 - 25 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1149

Abstract

A review of the literature showed that there were only a few studies that reported on the dietary patterns of children in South Africa. The aim of the present study was to characterise the dietary patterns of children aged 1–<10 years who were [...] Read more.

A review of the literature showed that there were only a few studies that reported on the dietary patterns of children in South Africa. The aim of the present study was to characterise the dietary patterns of children aged 1–<10 years who were studied during the Provincial Dietary Intake Survey (PDIS) in 2018 and to investigate the socio-demographic predictors thereof, as well as the associations with stunting and overweight/obesity. Dietary pattern analysis was conducted within three age groups, namely 1–<3-year-olds, 3–<6-year-olds, and 6–<10-year-olds using iterated principal factor analysis with varimax rotation and 24 h recall data from the PDIS. The dietary patterns that emerged seem to be far from ideal. Energy-dense, nutrient-poor patterns were included in the top three strongest patterns in all three age groupings that were investigated. Few of the dietary patterns included vegetables other than starchy vegetables, fruit, dairy, quality proteins, and unrefined carbohydrates. There were no associations between any of the dietary patterns and stunting or overweight/obesity in the children. Key predictors of greater adherence to the mostly unhealthy patterns included indicators of a higher socio-economic status in all three age groups, as well as having an obese mother in the 6–<10-year-old group. Key predictors of greater adherence to the mostly healthy patterns were a higher wealth index and having an obese mother in the two younger groups, with no predictors in the 6–<10-year-old group. We conclude that the dietary patterns of children in the Western Cape contain strong elements of the energy-dense, nutrient-poor dietary patterns. Interventions to improve the dietary intake of children should be directed at both poorer and higher income communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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15 pages, 2569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Body Mass Index and Plant-Based Diet with Cognitive Impairment among Older Chinese Adults: A Prospective, Nationwide Cohort Study

by Fang Liang, Jialin Fu, Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy, Yechuang Wang, Nan Qiu, Kai Ding, Jing Zeng, Justin B. Moore and Rui Li

Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3132; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153132 - 29 Jul 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3705

Abstract

To examine the association of body mass index (BMI) and a plant-based diet (PBD) with cognitive impairment in older adults, this cohort study used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a national, community-based, longitudinal, prospective study in China. Cognitive function [...] Read more.

To examine the association of body mass index (BMI) and a plant-based diet (PBD) with cognitive impairment in older adults, this cohort study used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a national, community-based, longitudinal, prospective study in China. Cognitive function was evaluated via the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Diet was assessed using a simplified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and PBD patterns were estimated using the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). BMI was measured objectively during the physical examination. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used. A total of 4792 participants with normal cognition at baseline were included, and 1077 participants were identified as having developed cognitive impairment during the 24,156 person-years of follow-up. A reverse J-shaped association was observed between BMI and cognitive impairment (p = 0.005 for nonlinearity). Participants who were overweight (HR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.66–0.95) and obese (HR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.54–0.96) had a decreased risk of cognitive impairment, while those who were underweight (HR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.21–1.66) had an increased risk. Lower PDI, lower hPDI, and higher uPDI were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (HR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.16–1.50 for PDI; HR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.29–1.66 for hPDI; HR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.06–1.38 for uPDI). The protective effect of being overweight on cognitive impairment was more pronounced among participants with a higher PDI (HR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.57–0.95) than those with a lower PDI (HR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.67–1.12), among participants with a higher hPDI (HR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.57–0.94) than those with a lower hPDI (HR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.72–1.10), and among participants with a lower uPDI (HR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.46–0.80) than those with a higher uPDI (HR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.80–1.27). Our results support the positive associations of overweight status, obesity, an overall PBD, and a healthful PBD with cognitive function in older adults. A lower adherence to an overall PBD, a healthful PBD, and a higher adherence to an unhealthful PBD may attenuate the protective effect of being overweight on cognitive function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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4 pages, 190 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-Communicable Diseases

by Charalampia Amerikanou, Chara Tzavara and Andriana C. Kaliora

Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010082 - 26 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 935

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with the four major contributors being cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, and diabetes [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

17 pages, 1170 KiB

Open AccessReview

Food, Dietary Patterns, or Is Eating Behavior to Blame? Analyzing the Nutritional Aspects of Functional Dyspepsia

by Charalampia Amerikanou, Stamatia-Angeliki Kleftaki, Evdokia Valsamidou, Eirini Chroni, Theodora Biagki, Demetra Sigala, Konstantinos Koutoulogenis, Panagiotis Anapliotis, Aristea Gioxari and Andriana C. Kaliora

Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1544; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061544 - 22 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4819

Abstract

Functional dyspepsia is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning. The pathophysiology of the disease is not fully elucidated and there is no permanent cure, although some therapies (drugs or herbal remedies) try to reduce the [...] Read more.

Functional dyspepsia is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning. The pathophysiology of the disease is not fully elucidated and there is no permanent cure, although some therapies (drugs or herbal remedies) try to reduce the symptoms. Diet plays a critical role in either the reduction or the exacerbation of functional dyspepsia symptoms; therefore dietary management is considered to be of high importance. Several foods have been suggested to be associated with worsening functional dyspepsia, such as fatty and spicy foods, soft drinks, and others, and other foods are thought to alleviate symptoms, such as apples, rice, bread, olive oil, yogurt, and others. Although an association between functional dyspepsia and irregular eating habits (abnormal meal frequency, skipping meals, late-night snacking, dining out, etc.) has been established, not many dietary patterns have been reported as potential factors that influence the severity of functional dyspepsia. A higher adherence to Western diets and a lower adherence to FODMAPs diets and healthy patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, can contribute to the worsening of symptoms. More research is needed on the role of specific foods, dietary patterns, or specific eating habits in the management of functional dyspepsia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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13 pages, 695 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Dietary Effects on Pain Symptoms in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Systematic Review and Future Directions

by Emma K. Maddox, Shawn C. Massoni, Cara M. Hoffart and Yumie Takata

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030716 - 31 Jan 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3827

Abstract

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is recognized for its difficulty to diagnose and its subjective symptomatology. There is neither a known cure nor a recommended therapeutic diet to aid in the multidisciplinary treatment. We conducted a systematic review to investigate if diets can improve pain [...] Read more.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is recognized for its difficulty to diagnose and its subjective symptomatology. There is neither a known cure nor a recommended therapeutic diet to aid in the multidisciplinary treatment. We conducted a systematic review to investigate if diets can improve pain symptoms of fibromyalgia. Through the PubMed search in March 2022, 126 abstracts were identified. We included both intervention and observational studies of diets and pain symptoms among patients with FMS. After screening titles, abstracts, and full-texts, 12 studies, including 11 intervention and one observational study, were selected. These studies included 546 participants and investigated plant-based diets (n = 3), anti-inflammatory diets (n = 1), gluten-free diets (n = 2), and elimination/restrictive diets (n = 6). These studies assessed pain symptoms through visual analogue scale for pain, fibromyalgia impact questionnaire/revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, tender point count, pain pressure threshold, and/or total myalgic score. Nine studies, including all three plant-based diet studies, reported statistically significant beneficial effects of their respective diets on pain symptom measurements. Given the small sample size and short intervention duration of the included studies, limited evidence currently exists to recommend any specific diet to patients with FMS. Further research is warranted to clarify specific diets to recommend and explore their potential mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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15 pages, 728 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Consumption of Dietary Fibers and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Mortality in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

by Zhaoxia Zhang, Bo Chen, Jingjing Zeng, Menglin Fan, Wenlei Xu, Xiaying Li, Ying Xing and Shaoyong Xu

Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2650; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132650 - 27 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2609

Abstract

Although many studies have explored the relationship between total dietary fiber intake and the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, the results are mixed. There is also a lack of research on the association between dietary fiber intake from different food sources and disease. [...] Read more.

Although many studies have explored the relationship between total dietary fiber intake and the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, the results are mixed. There is also a lack of research on the association between dietary fiber intake from different food sources and disease. Using data from the China Nutrition and Health Database from 2004 to 2015, Cox proportional risk models were used to explore the associations between total dietary fiber and fiber intake from different food sources and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. After multi-factorial adjustment, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of total dietary fiber intake (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1) in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality cohorts were 1.20 (0.93, 1.55), 0.91 (0.75, 1.12), 0.93 (0.64, 1.35), 1.13 (0.60, 2.12), 1.13 (0.60, 2.12), and 1.13 (0.84, 1.52). Whole-grain fiber intake was positively associated with hypertension but not with the occurrence of other diseases. No association was observed between legume fibers, fruit fibers, and vegetable fibers in the cohorts of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Our study did not find any association between total dietary fiber and dietary fiber intake from different food sources and type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality in the Chinese population. The role of dietary fiber in the Chinese population may be overestimated. More extraordinary efforts are needed to further confirm the association between dietary fiber and these diseases in the Chinese population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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12 pages, 1281 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sex Differences in Dietary Patterns of Adults and Their Associations with the Double Burden of Malnutrition: A Population-Based National Survey in the Philippines

by Aileen Rodil de Juras, Wan-Chen Hsu, Yu-Yao Cheng, Li-Jung Elizabeth Ku, Tsung Yu, Cheau-Jane Peng and Susan C. Hu

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3495; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173495 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2152

Abstract

A dietary pattern transition is a risk factor for the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), but related information is limited. This study aimed to identify sex differences in dietary patterns of adults in a low–middle income country and to examine their association with [...] Read more.

A dietary pattern transition is a risk factor for the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), but related information is limited. This study aimed to identify sex differences in dietary patterns of adults in a low–middle income country and to examine their association with DBM. A total of 8957 adults (4465 men and 4492 non-pregnant and non-lactating women) who participated in the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were formulated to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and DBM. The factor analysis derived seven dietary patterns for males and six patterns for females. Results showed that approximately 30% of Filipino adults suffered from DBM. The rice pattern was associated with lower odds of DBM for males only. The meat and sugar pattern in males and the protein-rich foods, cereal, and sugar pattern in females decreased DBM likelihood. An inverse relationship was observed for the vegetables and corn patterns, wherein females had an increased risk for DBM. Our findings suggest that rice-based and meat-containing patterns could play protective roles in DBM development among adults in the Philippines. Understanding sex-specific dietary patterns can be utilized to guide public health nutrition interventions in the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-communicable Diseases)

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