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Dietary Management and Nutritional Needs in Patients with Heart Failure

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 March 2024) | Viewed by 10622

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Dr. Hayato Tada

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Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
Interests: cardioprotective; atherosclerosis; cardiomyopathy; arrhythmia; disorders in vessels; phenotype variance; genetic factors; lifestyle interventions; dietary habits
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Dear Colleagues,

Amid this heart failure pandemic, the aim of the present issue is to summarize recent developments in dietary interventions as well as understanding of nutritional needs in the management of heart failure. Although new agents such as SGLT2 inhibitor and ARNI have been shown to improve prognosis, there is still a tremendous amount of residual risk. Presentation and discussion of concepts related to dietary habits, salt intake, Mediterranean diet, weight loss, personalized nutritional interventions, and other types of traditional or innovative ideas in the context of the aforementioned issues are welcome. In addition, both genetic and environmental factors play a role in determining the efficacy of different diets and elucidating the determinants of heart failure. Another topic that will be reviewed in this Special Issue is dietary patterns or lifestyles associated with risk for heart failure, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiomyopathy. It is becoming increasingly clear that preventive medicine is vitally important in the field of heart failure. Finally, even though dietary habits affect the risk of heart failure, it is still unclear whether they also modify the risk among patients with genetic diseases that lead to heart failure. I invite scientists to take part in this Special Issue with manuscripts describing original research or reviewing the scientific literature on this topic.

Dr. Hayato Tada
Guest Editor

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Keywords

heart failure
diet
nutrition
hypertension
diabetes
dyslipidemia
cardiomyopathy
arrhythmia
genetics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1441 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Serum Oxysterols with Cholesterol Metabolism Markers and Clinical Factors in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Covariance Structure Analysis

by Yusuke Akiyama, Shunsuke Katsuki, Tetsuya Matoba, Yasuhiro Nakano, Susumu Takase, Soichi Nakashiro, Mitsutaka Yamamoto, Yasushi Mukai, Shujiro Inoue, Keiji Oi, Taiki Higo, Masao Takemoto, Nobuhiro Suematsu, Kenichi Eshima, Kenji Miyata, Makoto Usui, Kenji Sadamatsu, Toshiaki Kadokami, Kiyoshi Hironaga, Ikuyo Ichi, Koji Todaka, Junji Kishimoto and Hiroyuki Tsutsui Show full author list Hide full author list

Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2997; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132997 - 30 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1078

Abstract

Oxysterols have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Serum levels of oxysterols could be positively correlated with cholesterol absorption and synthesis. However, physiological regulation of various serum oxysterols is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical factors and cholesterol metabolism markers, and identify oxysterols associated with cholesterol absorption and synthesis in patients with coronary artery disease. Subjects (n = 207) who underwent coronary stenting between 2011 and 2013 were studied cross-sectionally. We measured lipid profiles including serum oxysterols. As for the serum biomarkers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, oxysterol levels were positively correlated with campesterol and lathosterol. Covariance structure analysis revealed that dyslipidemia and statin usage had a positive correlation with “cholesterol absorption”. Statin usage also had a positive correlation with “cholesterol synthesis”. Several oxysterols associated with cholesterol absorption and/or synthesis. In conclusion, we elucidated the potential clinical factors that may affect cholesterol metabolism, and the associations between various oxysterols with cholesterol absorption and/or synthesis in patients with coronary artery disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Management and Nutritional Needs in Patients with Heart Failure)

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11 pages, 941 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Dietary Live Microbe Intake with Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES 2007–2018

by Lu Han and Qi Wang

Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4908; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224908 - 20 Nov 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2171

Abstract

Objective: To detect the potential association between dietary live microbe and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods: Data of 10,875 participants aged 18 years or older in this study were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants in this study were divided into three groups according to the Sanders dietary live microbe classification system: low, medium, and high dietary live microbe groups. CVD was defined by a combination of self-reported physician diagnoses and standardized medical status questionnaires. The analyses utilized weighted logistic regression models. Results: After the full adjustment for confounders, patients in the medium dietary live microbe group had a low prevalence of CVD in contrast to those in the low dietary live microbe group (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.52–0.99, and p < 0.05), but no significant association with CVD was detected between the high and low dietary live microbe groups. Higher dietary live microbe groups were negatively associated with the prevalence of stroke (p for trend = 0.01) and heart attack (p for trend = 0.01). People who were male were more likely to suffer stroke due to low dietary live microbe (p for interaction = 0.03). Conclusion: A high dietary live microbe intake was associated with a low prevalence of CVD, and the significant association was detected when the analysis was limited to stroke and heart attack. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Management and Nutritional Needs in Patients with Heart Failure)

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15 pages, 1961 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cuffless and Touchless Measurement of Blood Pressure from Ballistocardiogram Based on a Body Weight Scale

by Shing-Hong Liu, Bing-Hao Zhang, Wenxi Chen, Chun-Hung Su and Chiun-Li Chin

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2552; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122552 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1940

Abstract

Currently, in terms of reducing the infection risk of the COVID-19 virus spreading all over the world, the development of touchless blood pressure (BP) measurement has potential benefits. The pulse transit time (PTT) has a high relation with BP, which can be measured by electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG). The ballistocardiogram (BCG) reflects the mechanical vibration (or displacement) caused by the heart contraction/relaxation (or heart beating), which can be measured from multiple degrees of the body. The goal of this study is to develop a cuffless and touchless BP-measurement method based on a commercial weight scale combined with a PPG sensor when measuring body weight. The proposed method was that the PTT_BCG-PPGT was extracted from the BCG signal measured by a weight scale, and the PPG signal was measured from the PPG probe placed at the toe. Four PTT models were used to estimate BP. The reference method was the PTT_ECG-PPGF extracted from the ECG signal and PPG signal measured from the PPG probe placed at the finger. The standard BP was measured by an electronic blood pressure monitor. Twenty subjects were recruited in this study. By the proposed method, the root-mean-square error (E_RMS) of estimated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are 6.7 ± 1.60 mmHg and 4.8 ± 1.47 mmHg, respectively. The correlation coefficients, r², of the proposed model for the SBP and DBP are 0.606 ± 0.142 and 0.284 ± 0.166, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can serve for cuffless and touchless BP measurement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Management and Nutritional Needs in Patients with Heart Failure)

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Review

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11 pages, 867 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nutritional Supplementation and Exercise as Essential Allies in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: The Metabolic and Molecular Bases

by Evasio Pasini, Giovanni Corsetti and Francesco Saverio Dioguardi

Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2337; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102337 - 16 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1905

Abstract

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of principal health problems in industrialized countries. Despite therapeutical improvement, based on drugs and exercise training, it is still characterized by elevated mortality and morbidity. Data show that protein energy malnutrition, clinically evident primarily with sarcopenia, is present in more than 50% of CHF patients and is an independent factor of CHF prognosis. Several pathophysiological mechanisms, primarily due to the increase in blood hypercatabolic molecules, have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Nutritional supplementation with proteins, amino acids, vitamins and antioxidants have all been used to treat malnutrition. However, the success and efficacy of these procedures are often contradictory and not conclusive. Interestingly, data on exercise training show that exercise reduces mortality and increases functional capacity, although it also increases the catabolic state with energy expenditure and nitrogen-providing substrate needs. Therefore, this paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of specific nutritional supplementation and exercise training that may improve anabolic pathways. In our opinion, the relationship between exercise and the mTOR complex subunit as Deptor and/or related signaling proteins, such as AMPK or sestrin, is pivotal. Consequently, concomitantly with traditional medical therapies, we have proposed a combination of personalized and integrated nutritional supplementation, as well as exercise to treat malnutrition, and anthropometric and functional CHF-related disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Management and Nutritional Needs in Patients with Heart Failure)

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16 pages, 1172 KiB

Open AccessReview

Diet-Induced Microbiome’s Impact on Heart Failure: A Double-Edged Sword

by Alexandre Rodrigues, Alexandre Gonçalves, Juliana Morais, Ricardo Araujo and Inês Falcão-Pires

Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051223 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2717

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating disease with a significant clinical and economic impact worldwide. Multiple factors seem to increase the risk of developing HF, such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes. Since chronic inflammation plays a significant role in HF pathophysiology and gut dysbiosis is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, the risk of cardiovascular diseases is likely modulated by the gut microbiome (GM). Considerable progress has been made in HF management. However, there is a need to find new strategies to reduce mortality and increase the quality of life, mainly of HFpEF patients, since its prevalence continues to rise. Recent studies validate that lifestyle changes, such as diet modulation, represent a potential therapeutic approach to improve several cardiometabolic diseases, although their effects on the GM and its indirect cardiac impact still warrant further research. Hence, in this paper, we aim to clarify the link between HF and the human microbiome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Management and Nutritional Needs in Patients with Heart Failure)

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