Research

17 pages, 481 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Suboptimal Plasma Vitamin C Is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Young and Early Middle-Aged Men: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

by Kuo-Mao Lan, Li-Kai Wang, Yao-Tsung Lin, Kuo-Chuan Hung, Li-Ching Wu, Chung-Han Ho, Chia-Yu Chang and Jen-Yin Chen

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3556; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173556 - 29 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2049

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and four selected circulating nutrients, particularly vitamin C, among adults aged 20–49 years. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the lumbar spine BMD of 866 men and 589 women were [...] Read more.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and four selected circulating nutrients, particularly vitamin C, among adults aged 20–49 years. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the lumbar spine BMD of 866 men and 589 women were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and divided into tertiles, respectively. Logistic regressions were used to identify the predictors of low BMD by comparing subjects with the highest BMD to those with the lowest. Results: Multivariate logistic regressions identified suboptimal plasma vitamin C (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16, 2.31), suboptimal serum vitamin B12 (AOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.02, 4.12), and low BMI (BMI < 23) (AOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.12, 2.53) as independent predictors for low BMD in men. In women, low BMI was the only independent predictor for low BMD. Plasma vitamin C, categorized as suboptimal (≤8.8 mg/L) and sufficient (>8.8 mg/L), was positively significantly correlated with the lumbar spine BMD in men, but there was no association in women. Conclusions: Plasma vitamin C, categorized as suboptimal and sufficient, was positively associated with the lumbar spine BMD in young and early middle-aged men. A well-designed cohort study is needed to confirm the findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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12 pages, 619 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Agents versus Bovine Colostrum Supplementation for the Management of Bone Health Using an Osteoporosis-Induced Rat Model

by Eirini K. Kydonaki, Laura Freitas, Henrique Reguengo, Carlos Raposo Simón, Ana R. Bastos, Emanuel M. Fernandes, Raphaël F. Canadas, Joaquim M. Oliveira, Vitor M. Correlo, Rui L. Reis, Maria Vliora, Paraskevi Gkiata, Yiannis Koutedakis, Georgia Ntina, Rui Pinto, Andres E. Carrillo, Franklim Marques and Tânia Amorim

Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2837; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142837 - 11 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2096

Abstract

Osteoporosis is defined by loss of bone mass and deteriorated bone microarchitecture. The present study compared the effects of available pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents for osteoporosis [alendronate (ALE) and concomitant supplementation of vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca)] with the effects of bovine [...] Read more.

Osteoporosis is defined by loss of bone mass and deteriorated bone microarchitecture. The present study compared the effects of available pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents for osteoporosis [alendronate (ALE) and concomitant supplementation of vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca)] with the effects of bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation in ovariectomized (OVX) and orchidectomized (ORX) rats. Seven-month-old rats were randomly allocated to: (1) placebo-control, (2) ALE group (7.5 μg/kg of body weight/day/5 times per week), (3) VD/Ca group (VD: 35 μg/kg of body weight/day/5 times per week; Ca: 13 mg/kg of body weight/day/3 times per week), and (4) BC supplementation (OVX: 1.5 g/day/5 times per week; ORX: 2 g/day/5 times per week). Following four months of supplementation, bone microarchitecture, strength and bone markers were evaluated. ALE group demonstrated significantly higher Ct.OV, Ct.BMC, Tb.Th, Tb.OV and Tb.BMC and significantly lower Ct.Pr, Tb.Pr, Tb.Sp, Ct.BMD and Tb.BMD, compared to placebo (p < 0.05). BC presented significantly higher Ct.Pr, Ct.BMD, Tb.Pr, Tb.Sp, and Tb.BMD and significantly lower Ct.OV, Ct.BMC, Tb.Th, Tb.OV and Tb.BMC compared to ALE in OVX rats (p < 0.05). OVX rats receiving BC experienced a significant increase in serum ALP and OC levels post-supplementation (p < 0.05). BC supplementation may induce positive effects on bone metabolism by stimulating bone formation, but appear not to be as effective as ALE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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11 pages, 749 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sclerostin in Excessive Drinkers: Relationships with Liver Function and Body Composition

by Candelaria Martín González, Camino María Fernández Rodríguez, Pedro Abreu González, Alen García Rodríguez, Julio César Alvisa Negrín, Elisa Cabañas Perales, Lourdes González Navarrete, Víctor Eugenio Vera Delgado, Paula Ortega Toledo and Emilio González Reimers

Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2574; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132574 - 22 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1458

Abstract

Background: Sclerostin was initially described as an inhibitor of the Wnt-β catenin bone-forming pathway, but it also exerts important effects on intermediate metabolism and body composition. Osteosarcopenia and altered body fat distribution are common findings in excessive drinkers. The role of sclerostin in [...] Read more.

Background: Sclerostin was initially described as an inhibitor of the Wnt-β catenin bone-forming pathway, but it also exerts important effects on intermediate metabolism and body composition. Osteosarcopenia and altered body fat distribution are common findings in excessive drinkers. The role of sclerostin in these patients is uncertain. We aim to analyze the behavior of sclerostin in excessive drinkers and its relationships with body composition (fat mass, lean mass, bone mass), handgrip strength, body mass index (BMI), liver function and ethanol intake. Methods: 107 male active heavy drinkers and 26 age-matched controls were included. Serum sclerostin was determined by ELISA. Body composition analysis was performed by double X-ray absorptiometry. Handgrip strength was recorded using a dynamometer. Liver function was assessed according to Child’s classification. Results: Sclerostin was higher among Child’s C patients, keeping a relationship with deranged liver function. Obesity, defined according to BMI, and body fat were strongly related to sclerostin, being independent of serum creatinine and of liver function. The relationship of sclerostin with total hip bone mineral density was displaced by BMI. Conclusion: Deranged liver function is associated with higher sclerostin levels in alcoholics. Raised sclerostin levels are related to fat deposition and increased BMI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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19 pages, 2098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Dietary Protein Source and Quantity on Bone Morphology and Body Composition Following a High-Protein Weight-Loss Diet in a Rat Model for Postmenopausal Obesity

by Christian S. Wright, Erica R. Hill, Perla C. Reyes Fernandez, William R. Thompson, Maxime A. Gallant, Wayne W. Campbell and Russell P. Main

Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2262; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112262 - 28 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2036

Abstract

Higher protein (>30% of total energy, HP)-energy restriction (HP-ER) diets are an effective means to improve body composition and metabolic health. However, weight loss (WL) is associated with bone loss, and the impact of HP-ER diets on bone is mixed and controversial. Recent [...] Read more.

Higher protein (>30% of total energy, HP)-energy restriction (HP-ER) diets are an effective means to improve body composition and metabolic health. However, weight loss (WL) is associated with bone loss, and the impact of HP-ER diets on bone is mixed and controversial. Recent evidence suggests conflicting outcomes may stem from differences in age, hormonal status, and the predominant source of dietary protein consumed. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of four 12-week energy restriction (ER) diets varying in predominate protein source (beef, milk, soy, casein) and protein quantity (normal protein, NP 15% vs. high, 35%) on bone and body composition outcomes in 32-week-old obese, ovariectomized female rats. Overall, ER decreased body weight, bone quantity (aBMD, aBMC), bone microarchitecture, and body composition parameters. WL was greater with the NP vs. HP-beef and HP-soy diets, and muscle area decreased only with the NP diet. The HP-beef diet exacerbated WL-induced bone loss (increased trabecular separation and endocortical bone formation rates, lower bone retention and trabecular BMC, and more rod-like trabeculae) compared to the HP-soy diet. The HP-milk diet did not augment WL-induced bone loss. Results suggest that specific protein source recommendations may be needed to attenuate the adverse alterations in bone quality following an HP-ER diet in a model of postmenopausal obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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20 pages, 2335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dried Plum’s Polyphenolic Compounds and Carbohydrates Contribute to Its Osteoprotective Effects and Exhibit Prebiotic Activity in Estrogen Deficient C57BL/6 Mice

by Brenda J. Smith, Bethany Hatter, Karley Washburn, Jennifer Graef-Downard, Babajide A. Ojo, Guadalupe Davila El-Rassi, Robert H. Cichewicz, Mark Payton and Edralin A. Lucas

Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1685; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091685 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3121

Abstract

Evidence of dried plum’s benefits on bone continues to emerge. This study investigated the contribution of the fruit’s polyphenol (PP) and carbohydrate (CHO) components on a bone model of postmenopausal osteoporosis to explore their prebiotic activity. Osteopenic ovariectomized mice were fed diets supplemented [...] Read more.

Evidence of dried plum’s benefits on bone continues to emerge. This study investigated the contribution of the fruit’s polyphenol (PP) and carbohydrate (CHO) components on a bone model of postmenopausal osteoporosis to explore their prebiotic activity. Osteopenic ovariectomized mice were fed diets supplemented with dried plum, a crude extract of dried plum’s polyphenolic compounds, or the PP or CHO fraction of the crude extract. The effects of treatments on the bone phenotype were assessed at 5 and 10 weeks as well as the prebiotic activity of the different components of dried plum. Both the CHO and PP fractions of the extract contributed to the effects on bone with the CHO suppressing bone formation and resorption, and the PP temporally down-regulating formation. The PP and CHO components also altered the gut microbiota and cecal short chain fatty acids. These findings demonstrate that the CHO as well as the PP components of dried plum have potential prebiotic activity, but they have differential roles in mediating the alterations in bone formation and resorption that protect bone in estrogen deficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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12 pages, 474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationships between Bone Turnover Markers and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Prepubertal Girls and Boys

by Wojciech J. Bilinski, Anna Stefanska, Lukasz Szternel, Katarzyna Bergmann, Joanna Siodmiak, Magdalena Krintus, Przemyslaw T. Paradowski and Grazyna Sypniewska

Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1205; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061205 - 12 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1915

Abstract

The associations between individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bone health in children are complex, and data on this topic are sparse and inconsistent. We assessed the relationship between bone turnover markers and markers of the processes underlying MetS (insulin resistance and [...] Read more.

The associations between individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bone health in children are complex, and data on this topic are sparse and inconsistent. We assessed the relationship between bone turnover markers and markers of the processes underlying MetS (insulin resistance and inflammation) in a group of presumably healthy children aged 9–11 years: 89 (51 girls, 38 boys) presenting without any features of MetS and 26 (10 girls, 16 boys) with central obesity and two features of MetS. Concentrations of glucose, triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), HbA1c, total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact-P1NP (N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen), CTX-1 (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) were assayed and insulin resistance was assessed (HOMA-IR). BMI centile, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured. The presence of MetS in girls resulted in significantly lower concentrations of CTX-1 and a trend to lower CTX-1 in boys. The concentrations of bone formation marker i-P1NP were not affected. Among the features associated with MetS, HOMA-IR appeared as the best positive predictor of MetS in girls, whereas CRP was the best positive predictor in boys. A significant influence of HOMA-IR on the decrease in CTX-1 in girls was independent of BMI centile and WC, and the OR of having CTX-1 below the median was 2.8-fold higher/1SD increased in HOMA-IR (p = 0.003). A weak relationship between CTX-1 and CRP was demonstrated in girls (r = −0.233; p = 0.070). Although TG, as a MetS component, was the best significant predictor of MetS in both sexes, there were no correlations between bone markers and TG. We suggest that dyslipidemia is not associated with the levels of bone markers in prepubertal children whereas CRP is weakly related to bone resorption in girls. In prepubertal girls, insulin resistance exerts a dominant negative impact on bone resorption, independent of BMI centile and waist circumference. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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11 pages, 1815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Accumulation of Toxic Advanced Glycation End-Products and Cytotoxic Effect in MC3T3-E1 Cells

by Akiko Sakasai-Sakai, Takanobu Takata and Masayoshi Takeuchi

Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 990; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050990 - 26 Feb 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2883

Abstract

In diabetic patients, the metabolism of excess glucose increases the toxicity of the aldehyde group of sugar. Aldehydes, including glyceraldehyde (GA), react with intracellular proteins to form advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which deteriorate bone quality and cause osteoporosis. One of the causes of [...] Read more.

In diabetic patients, the metabolism of excess glucose increases the toxicity of the aldehyde group of sugar. Aldehydes, including glyceraldehyde (GA), react with intracellular proteins to form advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which deteriorate bone quality and cause osteoporosis. One of the causes of osteoporotic fractures is impaired osteoblast osteogenesis; however, the cytotoxic effects of aldehydes and the subsequent formation of AGEs in osteoblasts have not yet been examined in detail. Therefore, the present study investigated the cytotoxicity of intracellular GA and GA-derived AGEs, named toxic AGEs (TAGE), in the mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Treatment with GA induced MC3T3-E1 cell death, which was accompanied by TAGE modifications in several intracellular proteins. Furthermore, the downregulated expression of Runx2, a transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation, and collagen correlated with the accumulation of TAGE. The GA treatment also reduced the normal protein levels of collagen in cells, suggesting that collagen may be modified by TAGE and form an abnormal structure. Collectively, the present results show for the first time that GA and TAGE exert cytotoxic effects in osteoblasts, inhibit osteoblastic differentiation, and decrease the amount of normal collagen. The suppression of GA production and associated accumulation of TAGE has potential as a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis under hyperglycemic conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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10 pages, 260 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Regular Green Tea Intake and Osteoporosis in Korean Postmenopausal Women: A Nationwide Study

by Dan Bi Lee, Hong Ji Song, Yu-Jin Paek, Kyung Hee Park, Young-Gyun Seo and Hye-Mi Noh

Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010087 - 26 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4603

Abstract

Mixed results have been reported regarding whether habitual tea intake affects bone health. This study investigated the relationship between green tea intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys [...] Read more.

Mixed results have been reported regarding whether habitual tea intake affects bone health. This study investigated the relationship between green tea intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008 to 2011 and divided the participants into three groups according to their frequency of green tea intake over the past 12 months. BMD of the lumbar spine, total femur, and femur neck was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of osteoporosis and osteopenia according to green tea consumption were analyzed. Participants who did not consume green tea or consumed less than one cup per day were more likely to have osteopenia of the lumbar spine or femur than those who consumed it once to three times a day (OR 1.81 and 1.85, 95% CI, 1.20–2.71; and 1.23–2.77). Moreover, ORs for osteoporosis were 1.91 (95% CI 1.13–3.23) and 1.82 (95% CI 1.09–3.05) in non-consumers and consumers who drank less than one cup per day, respectively, compared with the reference group. These results support that green tea consumption may have benefits on bone health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

10 pages, 785 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term Supplemental Dietary Potassium from Potato and Potassium Gluconate: Effect on Calcium Retention and Urinary pH in Pre-Hypertensive-to-Hypertensive Adults

by Michael S. Stone, Berdine R. Martin and Connie M. Weaver

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4399; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124399 - 09 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2865

Abstract

Potassium supplementation has been associated with reduced urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and increased Ca balance. Dietary interventions assessing the impact of potassium on bone are lacking. In this secondary analysis of a study designed primarily to determine blood pressure effects, we assessed the [...] Read more.

Potassium supplementation has been associated with reduced urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and increased Ca balance. Dietary interventions assessing the impact of potassium on bone are lacking. In this secondary analysis of a study designed primarily to determine blood pressure effects, we assessed the effects of potassium intake from potato sources and a potassium supplement on urinary Ca, urine pH, and Ca balance. Thirty men (n = 15) and women (n = 15) with a mean ± SD age and BMI of 48.2 ± 15 years and 31.4 ± 6.1 kg/m², respectively, were enrolled in a cross-over, randomized control feeding trial. Participants were assigned to a random order of four 16-day dietary potassium interventions including a basal diet (control) of 2300 mg/day (~60 mmol/day) of potassium, and three phases of an additional 1000 mg/day (3300 mg/day(~85 mmol/day) total) of potassium in the form of potatoes (baked, boiled, or pan-heated), French fries (FF), or a potassium (K)-gluconate supplement. Calcium intake for all diets was approximately 700–800 mg/day. Using a mixed model ANOVA there was a significantly lower urinary Ca excretion in the K-gluconate phase (96 ± 10 mg/day) compared to the control (115 ± 10 mg/day; p = 0.027) and potato (114 ± 10 mg/day; p = 0.033). In addition, there was a significant difference in urinary pH between the supplement and control phases (6.54 ± 0.16 vs. 6.08 ± 0.18; p = 0.0036). There were no significant differences in Ca retention. An increased potassium intake via K-gluconate supplementation may favorably influence urinary Ca excretion and urine pH. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02697708. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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12 pages, 595 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dairy Food Intake Is Not Associated with Measures of Bone Microarchitecture in Men and Women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study

by Courtney L. Millar, Douglas P. Kiel, Marian T. Hannan and Shivani Sahni

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3940; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113940 - 04 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2294

Abstract

Previous studies reported that dairy foods are associated with higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. However, data on bone strength and bone microarchitecture are lacking. We determined the association of dairy food intake (milk, yogurt, cheese, milk + yogurt, and [...] Read more.

Previous studies reported that dairy foods are associated with higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. However, data on bone strength and bone microarchitecture are lacking. We determined the association of dairy food intake (milk, yogurt, cheese, milk + yogurt, and milk + yogurt + cheese, servings/week) with high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) measures of bone (failure load, cortical BMD, cortical thickness, trabecular BMD, and trabecular number). This cross-sectional study included participants with diet from a food frequency questionnaire (in 2005–2008 and/or 1998–2001) and measurements of cortical and trabecular BMD and microarchitecture at the distal tibia and radius (from HR-pQCT in 2012–2015). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression estimated the association of dairy food intake (energy adjusted) with each bone measure adjusting for covariates. Mean age was 64 (SD 8) years and total milk + yogurt + cheese intake was 10.0 (SD 6.6) and 10.6 (6.4) servings/week in men and women, respectively. No significant associations were observed for any of the dairy foods and bone microarchitecture measures except for cheese intake, which was inversely associated with cortical BMD at the radius (p = 0.001) and tibia (p = 0.002) in women alone. In this cohort of primarily healthy older men and women, dairy intake was not associated with bone microarchitecture. The findings related to cheese intake and bone microarchitecture in women warrant further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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9 pages, 519 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes

by Joseph M. Kindler, Sina Gallo, Philip R. Khoury, Elaine M. Urbina and Babette S. Zemel

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3288; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093288 - 21 Sep 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2547

Abstract

Purpose: To assess relationships between diet quality and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in youth with healthy weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from youth (55% African American, 70% female) ages 10–23 years [...] Read more.

Purpose: To assess relationships between diet quality and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in youth with healthy weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from youth (55% African American, 70% female) ages 10–23 years with T2D (n = 90), obesity (BMI > 95th; n = 128), or healthy weight (BMI < 85th; n = 197). Whole body (less head) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). aBMD was expressed as age-, sex-, and ancestry-specific standard deviation scores (Z-scores). Whole body aBMD Z-scores were adjusted for height-for-age Z-score. Diet was assessed via three-day diaries, and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was computed. Total HEI score and HEI subcomponent scores were compared across groups, and associations with aBMD Z-scores were assessed via linear regression adjusted for group, age, sex, and ancestry. Results: Mean HEI was similar between the healthy weight, obesity, and T2D groups. Several HEI sub-components differed between groups, including meats and beans, total vegetables, milk, saturated fat, sodium, oils, and empty calories. The obesity and T2D group had significantly greater aBMD Z-scores compared to the healthy weight group. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant positive association between HEI and aBMD Z-score (p < 0.05). The HEI sub-components for whole grains (p = 0.052) and empty calories (p < 0.05) were positively associated with aBMD Z-score. Conclusions: Individuals that followed a dietary pattern more closely aligned with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans had greater bone density. Since few studies have investigated the role of diet on bone in youth with obesity-related conditions, additional research is required among these populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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16 pages, 4629 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prenylated Isoflavonoids-Rich Extract of Erythrinae Cortex Exerted Bone Protective Effects by Modulating Gut Microbial Compositions and Metabolites in Ovariectomized Rats

by Hui-Hui Xiao, Xueli Yu, Chen Yang, Chi-On Chan, Lu Lu, Sisi Cao, Siu-Wai Wan, Ze-Jun Lan, Daniel Kam-Wah Mok, Sheng Chen and Mansau Wong

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 2943; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092943 - 25 Aug 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2305

Abstract

Flavonoids, found in a wide variety of foods and plants, are considered to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that Erythrina cortex extract (EC) rich in prenylated isoflavonoids exerted bone protective effects in ovariectomized [...] Read more.

Flavonoids, found in a wide variety of foods and plants, are considered to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that Erythrina cortex extract (EC) rich in prenylated isoflavonoids exerted bone protective effects in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The present study aimed to investigate the interactions of gut microbiota with the EC extract to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in its beneficial effects on bone. Sprague-Dawley female rats of 3-months-old were ovariectomized and treated with EC extract for 12 weeks. EC extract reversed ovariectomy-induced deterioration of bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture as well as downregulated cathepsin K (Ctsk) and upregulated runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the tibia of OVX rats. Its protective effects on bone were correlated with changes in microbial richness and the restorations of several genera. EC increased the serum circulating levels of acetate and propionate in OVX rats. We conclude that the bone protective effects of EC extract were associated with the changes in microbial compositions and serum short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in OVX rats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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16 pages, 3442 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distinct Effects of a High Fat Diet on Bone in Skeletally Mature and Developing Male C57BL/6J Mice

by Dean S. Ross, Tzu-Hsuan Yeh, Shalinie King, Julia Mathers, Mark S. Rybchyn, Elysia Neist, Melissa Cameron, Alexander Tacey, Christian M. Girgis, Itamar Levinger, Rebecca S. Mason and Tara C. Brennan-Speranza

Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1666; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051666 - 14 May 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3185

Abstract

Increased risks of skeletal fractures are common in patients with impaired glucose handling and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of skeletal fragility in these patients remains ill-defined as patients present with normal to high bone mineral density. With increasing cases of [...] Read more.

Increased risks of skeletal fractures are common in patients with impaired glucose handling and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of skeletal fragility in these patients remains ill-defined as patients present with normal to high bone mineral density. With increasing cases of glucose intolerance and T2DM it is imperative that we develop an accurate rodent model for further investigation. We hypothesized that a high fat diet (60%) administered to developing male C57BL/6J mice that had not reached skeletal maturity would over represent bone microarchitectural implications, and that skeletally mature mice would better represent adult-onset glucose intolerance and the pre-diabetes phenotype. Two groups of developing (8 week) and mature (12 week) male C57BL/6J mice were placed onto either a normal chow (NC) or high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed throughout the study period. Long bones were excised and analysed for ex vivo biomechanical testing, micro-computed tomography, 2D histomorphometry and gene/protein expression analyses. The HFD increased fasting blood glucose and significantly reduced glucose tolerance in both age groups by week 7 of the diets. The HFD reduced biomechanical strength, both cortical and trabecular indices in the developing mice, but only affected cortical outcomes in the mature mice. Similar results were reflected in the 2D histomorphometry. Tibial gene expression revealed decreased bone formation in the HFD mice of both age groups, i.e., decreased osteocalcin expression and increased sclerostin RNA expression. In the mature mice only, while the HFD led to a non-significant reduction in runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) RNA expression, this decrease became significant at the protein level in the femora. Our mature HFD mouse model more accurately represents late-onset impaired glucose tolerance/pre-T2DM cases in humans and can be used to uncover potential insights into reduced bone formation as a mechanism of skeletal fragility in these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

20 pages, 630 KiB

Open AccessReview

Adiposity Metabolic Consequences for Adolescent Bone Health

by Kátia Gianlupi Lopes, Elisana Lima Rodrigues, Mariana Rodrigues da Silva Lopes, Valter Aragão do Nascimento, Arnildo Pott, Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães, Giovana Eliza Pegolo and Karine de Cássia Freitas

Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3260; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163260 - 10 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3085

Abstract

Infancy and adolescence are crucial periods for bone health, since they are characterized by intense physical growth and bone development. The unsatisfactory acquisition of bone mass in this phase has consequences in adult life and increases the risk of developing bone diseases at [...] Read more.

Infancy and adolescence are crucial periods for bone health, since they are characterized by intense physical growth and bone development. The unsatisfactory acquisition of bone mass in this phase has consequences in adult life and increases the risk of developing bone diseases at more advanced ages. Nutrient deficiencies, especially calcium and vitamin D, associated with a sedentary lifestyle; lack of sun exposure; and epigenetic aspects represent some of the main risk factors for poor bone quality. In addition, recent studies relate childhood obesity to impaired bone health; however, studies on the adiposity effects on bone health are scarce and inconclusive. Another gap concerns the implications of obesity on child sexual maturity, which can jeopardize their genetic potential bone mass and increase fracture risk. Therefore, we reviewed the analyzed factors related to bone health and their association with obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. We concluded that obesity (specifically, accumulated visceral fat) harms bones in the infant–juvenile phase, thereby increasing osteopenia/osteoporosis in adults and the elderly. Thus, it becomes evident that forming and maintaining healthy eating habits is necessary during infancy and adolescence to reduce the risk of fractures caused by bone-metabolic diseases in adulthood and to promote healthy ageing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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3 pages, 229 KiB

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Reply to Boucher, B.J. Comment on “Lopes et al. Adiposity Metabolic Consequences for Adolescent Bone Health. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3260”

by Kátia Gianlupi Lopes, Elisana Lima Rodrigues, Mariana Rodrigues da Silva Lopes, Valter Aragão do Nascimento, Arnildo Pott, Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães, Giovana Eliza Pegolo and Karine de Cássia Freitas

Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4953; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234953 - 29 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 529

Abstract

We appreciate your careful reading and comments [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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Open AccessComment

Comment on Lopes et al. Adiposity Metabolic Consequences for Adolescent Bone Health. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3260

by Barbara Joan Boucher

Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4952; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234952 - 29 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 592

Abstract

This interesting report [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Bone Health)

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