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Medicina
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Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface...
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Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Inflammation

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 12723

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Giannaccare

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: cornea; ocular surface disease; dry eye; ocular gvhd; noninvasive devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Antonio Di Zazzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
Interests: cornea; ocular surface disease; dry eye; ocular gvhd; inflammation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dry eye is a disease in which inflammation, among other symptoms, plays a key role in the chronicization of the clinical picture. In recent years, dry eye disease been widely investigated in several research and clinical studies, and the recent advances in diagnosis and therapies are remarkable. Different noninvasive devices are currently available on the market and can represent useful tools to reach a reliable diagnosis in adjunction with conventional tests. Therapies targeting inflammation represent the mainstay of dry eye disease treatment. The recent advent of multiple-action tear substitutes allows for the control of inflammation in mild to moderate forms. In this Special Issue, we are looking for original articles and reviews dealing with new insights in the fields of the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease We are very much looking forward to receiving your invaluable work for this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Giannaccare
Prof. Dr. Antonio Di Zazzo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dry eye disease
  • ocular surface
  • diagnosis
  • noninvasive diagnosis
  • new devices
  • treatment
  • inflammation
  • multiple-action tear substitutes

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Other

2 pages, 223 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Inflammation”
by Giuseppe Giannaccare and Antonio Di Zazzo
Medicina 2022, 58(6), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060764 - 05 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1731
Abstract
It is estimated that a wide proportion of the world’s population (5% to 50%) may suffer from dry eye disease to a various extent [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Inflammation)

Research

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13 pages, 2940 KiB  
Article
The Lubricating Effect of Eye Drops Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Mallow Extract in Patients with Dry Eye Disease—A Pilot Study
by Andrea Attilio Basile, Giulia Mandelli, Magda Cendali and Rebecca Hufnagel
Medicina 2023, 59(5), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050958 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mucilaginous substances from plants are known to be able to support the lubricating effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) in dry eye disease (DED). In this pilot study, the combined lubricating effect of HA and mallow extract (Malva sylvestris [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Mucilaginous substances from plants are known to be able to support the lubricating effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) in dry eye disease (DED). In this pilot study, the combined lubricating effect of HA and mallow extract (Malva sylvestris L.) in patients with DED was assessed. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients at five ophthalmological practices in Italy were treated with eye drops containing HA and mallow extract on the one hand, and with eye drops containing HA only, on the other hand, in a two-period crossover design. As primary endpoints, the tear film breakup time (TBUT), the reduction of lissamine green staining of the ocular surface (Oxford Scheme, OS), and the safety and efficacy assessment by the ophthalmologists were evaluated. As secondary variables, the patient symptom score, the ocular surface index (OSDI) and the satisfaction, preference and efficacy assessment by the patients were evaluated. All data were analysed descriptively in addition to an exploratory analysis being made of the target variables. Results: Both products were well-tolerated. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to the TBUT, OS and OSDI between the two treatments. Anyway, the efficacy and safety assessments by the ophthalmologists and the patients showed results in favour of the combined product. Conclusion: The addition of mallow extract to HA-containing eye drops enhances the treatment of DED, at least with respect to subjective measurements. Further assessments will have to be done to prove and explain this observation in terms of measurable parameters, e.g., markers for inflammatory cytokines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Inflammation)
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15 pages, 1985 KiB  
Article
Impact of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) Eye Drops on Ocular Redness and Symptomatology in Patients with Dry Eye Disease
by Javier Lozano-Sanroma, Alberto Barros, Ignacio Alcalde, Ronald M. Sánchez-Ávila, Juan Queiruga-Piñeiro, Luis Fernández-Vega Cueto and Jesús Merayo-Lloves
Medicina 2023, 59(5), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050928 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and very symptomatic pathology that affects normal daily activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) added to one routine treatment protocol [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and very symptomatic pathology that affects normal daily activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) added to one routine treatment protocol for DED (artificial tears substitutes, lid hygiene, and anti-inflammatory therapy). Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups of treatment: standard treatment group (n = 43 eyes) and PRGF group (n = 59). Patients’ symptomatology (inferred from OSDI and SANDE questionnaires), ocular inflammation, tear stability, and ocular surface damage were analyzed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Results: OSDI test scores were significantly lower in both groups (p < 0.001). SANDE frequency test scores also improved statistically, with differences between groups (p = 0.0089 SANDE frequency and p < 0.0119 SANDE severity). There was a greater reduction in ocular redness (ocular inflammation) in the PRGF group (p < 0.0001) and fluorescein tear break-up time was significantly improved in the PRGF group (p = 0.0006). No significant changes were found in terms of ocular surface damage. No adverse events were obtained in either group. Conclusions: The addition of PRGF to the standard treatment of DED, according to the results obtained, proved to be safe and produced an improvement in ocular symptomatology and signs of inflammation, particularly in moderate and severe cases, when compared to standard treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Inflammation)
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10 pages, 2358 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Lycium chinense, Cuscuta chinensis, Senna tora, Ophiopogon japonicus, and Dendrobium nobile Decoction on a Dry Eye Mouse Model
by Cheng-Chan Yang, Jia-Ying Chien, Yu-Yau Chou, Jhih-Wei Ciou and Shun-Ping Huang
Medicina 2022, 58(8), 1134; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081134 - 21 Aug 2022
Viewed by 2230
Abstract
Background and objective: Dry eye disease (DED) is a relatively common disorder associated with abnormal tear film and the ocular surface that causes ocular irritation, dryness, visual impairment, and damage to the cornea. DED is not a life-threatening disease but causes discomfort [...] Read more.
Background and objective: Dry eye disease (DED) is a relatively common disorder associated with abnormal tear film and the ocular surface that causes ocular irritation, dryness, visual impairment, and damage to the cornea. DED is not a life-threatening disease but causes discomfort and multifactorial disorders in vision that affect daily life. It has been reported that all traditional medicinal plants exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on several diseases. We hypothesized that the decoction ameliorated ocular irritation and decreased cytokine expression in the cornea. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of DED and discover a therapeutic strategy to reduce corneal inflammation. Material and Methods: We used a DED mouse model with extraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) excision and treated the mice with a decoction of five traditional medicines: Lycium chinense, Cuscuta chinensis, Senna tora, Ophiopogon japonicus, and Dendrobium nobile for 3 months. The tear osmolarity and the ocular surface staining were evaluated as indicators of DED. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the level of inflammation on the cornea. Results: After treatment with the decoction for three months, epithelial erosions and desquamation were reduced, the intact of corneal endothelium was maintained, and tear osmolarity was restored in the eyes. The IL-1β-associated inflammatory response was reduced in the cornea in the DED model. Conclusions: These data suggested that a mixture of traditional medicines might be a novel therapy to treat DED. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Inflammation)
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Other

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11 pages, 2058 KiB  
Case Report
Impact of Thermal Pulsation System Therapy on Pre-Operative Intraocular Lens Calculations before Cataract Surgery in Patients with Meibomian Gland Disfunction
by Paulina Szabelska, Joanna Gołębiewska and Radosław Różycki
Medicina 2023, 59(4), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040658 - 27 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1377
Abstract
In patients with eye surface disorders such as dry eye syndrome or Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) it is necessary to improve the tear film condition in order to obtain visual system measurements before cataract surgery. The aim of the project was to analyze [...] Read more.
In patients with eye surface disorders such as dry eye syndrome or Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) it is necessary to improve the tear film condition in order to obtain visual system measurements before cataract surgery. The aim of the project was to analyze the Thermal Pulsation System (TPS) impact on the visual system parameters used in cataract surgery qualification. The study included six patients (11 eyes) with MGD diagnosis. All patients were treated with TPS. The obtained results were compared and used to calculate the power and type of the intraocular lens (IOL). As a treatment result, the power of astigmatism has changed in 64% of the eyes. Planned surgical treatment type has changed in 27% of cases. TPS also affected the cylinder axis in three eyes, which was 27% of cases. Based on the calculations, power of the recommended IOL has changed in five eyes (46%). Stabilization of visual system parameters after TPS allowed to improve the accuracy of the results. It also ensured the proper astigmatism treating method during cataract surgery and allowed selection of the proper IOL power and type. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Inflammation)
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18 pages, 3480 KiB  
Systematic Review
Auricular Acupressure for Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Qiong Huang, Mengqi Zhan and Zhe Hu
Medicina 2023, 59(1), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010177 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2354
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the current evidence to examine the safety and effectiveness of auricular acupressure on dry eye diseases. Materials and Methods: Twenty databases were searched from their inception until November 2022. [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the current evidence to examine the safety and effectiveness of auricular acupressure on dry eye diseases. Materials and Methods: Twenty databases were searched from their inception until November 2022. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which auricular acupressure was used for dry eye diseases were included. The selection process, data extraction and quantitative were conducted according to the guidelines. Results: Seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that compared to artificial tears, auricular acupressure had a favorable effect on prolonging tear breakup time (TBUT), improving the Schirmer I test (SIT) score and the score of symptoms (SOS) of patients with dry eye disease (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to the artificial tears alone, auricular acupressure plus artificial tears had a significantly greater SIT score (p < 0.001) and response rate (p = 0.006), significantly longer TBUT (p < 0.001), and significantly lower Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) (p = 0.02) and SOS (p = 0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the auricular acupressure plus artificial tears group and the artificial tears group in terms of cornea fluorescein staining (CFS) (p = 0.09). Conclusions: Auricular acupressure, as a sole intervention or in combination with artificial tears, may have a beneficial effect on dry eye disease. However, more high-quality RCTs need to be included in the future to further prove the positive effects of auricular acupressure on patients with dry eye disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Inflammation)
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