Managing Dry Eye Disease over Time: An Italian Consensus Conference

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 3207

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While procedures for the correct diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) have been discussed in depth in the recent literature, the appropriate management of these patients over time has not been investigated thoroughly, with this aspect being crucial due to, typically, dry eye being a chronic recurrent disease. The aim of the Italian Consensus "P.I.C.A.S.S.O." (Partners Italiani per la Correzione delle Alterazioni del Sistema Superficie Oculare/Italian Partners for the Correction of Ocular Surface Alterations) was to provide general ophthalmologists with practical flow charts in order to help them anticipate possible flare-ups of the disease and to correctly manage DED patients over time. Aside from the description of the methodology and the results of the Italian Delphi Consensus on the management of DED over time, the following items have been discussed: (1) the impact of external stimuli and their management; (2) managing the ocular surface of patients before and after ocular surgery; (3) management of eyelid-related problems; (4) management of ocular surface inflammation; (5) way of improving patients' adherence to therapy; (6) way of improving patients' satisfaction.

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Giannaccare
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dry eye disease
  • consensus
  • treatment
  • management
  • ocular surface

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 166 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Managing Dry Eye Disease over Time: An Italian Consensus Conference”
by Pasquale Aragona, Giuseppe Giannaccare and Maurizio Rolando
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(9), 2507; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092507 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 976
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, progressive, highly prevalent condition affecting 5 to 33% of the global adult population [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Managing Dry Eye Disease over Time: An Italian Consensus Conference)

Other

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7 pages, 836 KiB  
Opinion
Dealing with the Persistent Pathogenic Issues of Dry Eye Disease: The Importance of External and Internal Stimuli and Tissue Responses
by Maurizio Rolando, Stefano Barabino, Giuseppe Giannaccare and Pasquale Aragona
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(6), 2205; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062205 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1395
Abstract
The immune system plays a central role in protecting the ocular surface from exogenous and endogenous insults, maintaining tissue homeostasis thanks to the mechanism of para-inflammation. This physiological adaptive response may induce resident macrophages/monocytes to produce cytokines and growth factors in order to [...] Read more.
The immune system plays a central role in protecting the ocular surface from exogenous and endogenous insults, maintaining tissue homeostasis thanks to the mechanism of para-inflammation. This physiological adaptive response may induce resident macrophages/monocytes to produce cytokines and growth factors in order to promote epithelial cell recovery. In case of well-controlled para-inflammation, caused by a low amount of stress, cell viability and function are maintained. When stress becomes too intense, there is a response characterized by the activation of autophagic pathways and consequent cell death. Dysregulated homeostasis and chronic sub-clinical inflammation are the starting points for the development of a stable, chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to ocular surface damage, and, in turn, to the onset or progression of chronic dry eye disease (DED). The long-term management of DED should consider all of the pathogenic issues involved in the disease, including the control of persistent external or internal stresses that are capable of activating and maintaining the para-inflammatory adaptive mechanisms, potentially leading to full-blown inflammation. Dysregulated para-inflammation can be corrected by means of the prolonged use of tear substitutes containing minimal doses of safe corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory molecules (e.g., corticosteroid, cyclosporine) in order to re-equilibrate ocular surface homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Managing Dry Eye Disease over Time: An Italian Consensus Conference)
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