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17 pages, 4031 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Kinetics and Mechanism of Epinephrine Autoxidation in the Presence of Plant Superoxide Inhibitors: A New Look at the Methodology of Using a Model System in Biological and Chemical Research

by Vladimir Volkov, Anton Lobanov, Mikhail Voronkov, Timur Baygildiev, Vyacheslav Misin and Olga Tsivileva

Antioxidants 2023, 12(8), 1530; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081530 - 30 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1121

Abstract

Superoxide is the primary active oxygen form produced in living organisms. Because of superoxide anion radical formation during epinephrine oxidation in alkaline medium, this system is offered in some works for antioxidant activity analysis, however, without enough physicochemical justification. Therefore, the task of [...] Read more.

Superoxide is the primary active oxygen form produced in living organisms. Because of superoxide anion radical formation during epinephrine oxidation in alkaline medium, this system is offered in some works for antioxidant activity analysis, however, without enough physicochemical justification. Therefore, the task of developing reliable methods for analyzing the superoxide inhibition activity of various objects is very urgent. In this work, a kinetic model of epinephrine autoxidation in an alkaline medium in the presence of antioxidants of plant origin is proposed. The participation of chain reactions with long oxidation chains in this process is revealed. The limiting stage of the process is a one-electron reduction of oxygen by the anionic forms of the phenolic hydroxyls of epinephrine. The appearance of the absorption maximum at a wavelength of 347 nm during epinephrine autoxidation is associated with adrenolutin formation, which is confirmed by HPLC/UV/MS. No adduct formation between phenolic antioxidants and epinephrine oxidation products was found. The complex U-shaped character of epinephrine autoxidation rate dependence on the content of antioxidants in the reaction system was shown. The study of the kinetics of epinephrine autoxidation in the presence of an individual phenolic plant superoxide inhibitor, chlorogenic acid, was carried out for the first time. The inhibitory effect of yarrow, chamomile, and bur beggar-ticks plant extracts in the adrenaline system was examined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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21 pages, 7564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fruit Peel Powder as Natural Antioxidant and Reinforcing Bio-Filler in Natural Rubber Latex Gloves: Cases of Mangosteen, Pomelo and Durian

by Arkarapol Thumwong, Jitsuna Darachai, Nuatawan Thamrongsiripak, Shinji Tokonami, Tetsuo Ishikawa and Kiadtisak Saenboonruang

Antioxidants 2023, 12(5), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12051119 - 18 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1979

Abstract

As the world is facing rapid increases in agricultural wastes that greatly affect global health, the environment, and economies, this work aims to alleviate such issues by introducing simple uses of waste fruit peel powder (FPP) derived from mangosteen (MPP), pomelo (PPP), or [...] Read more.

As the world is facing rapid increases in agricultural wastes that greatly affect global health, the environment, and economies, this work aims to alleviate such issues by introducing simple uses of waste fruit peel powder (FPP) derived from mangosteen (MPP), pomelo (PPP), or durian (DPP), as dual natural antioxidants and reinforcing bio-fillers in natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves. A thorough investigation was undertaken of the relevant characteristics for both FPP (morphological, functional groups, particle sizes, and thermals stability) and NRL gloves (morphological, functional groups, density, color, thermal stability, and mechanical properties—both before and after thermal/25 kGy gamma aging). The results indicated that the initial addition (2–4 parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight; phr) of FPP to NRL composites generally enhanced the strength and elongation at the break of the specimens, with the levels of the improvement varying depending on the type and content of FPPs. In addition to the reinforcing effects, the FPP also offered natural antioxidant properties, evidenced by higher values of aging coefficients for all FPP/NRL gloves under either thermal or 25 kGy gamma aging than those of pristine NRL. Furthermore, by comparing the tensile strength and elongation at break of the developed FPP/NRL gloves with the requirements for medical examination latex gloves according to ASTM D3578-05, the recommended FPP contents for actual glove production were 2–4 phr for MPP, 4 phr for PPP, and 2 phr for DPP. Consequently, based on the overall outcomes, the FPPs of interest showed promising potential for utilization as simultaneous natural antioxidants and reinforcing bio-fillers in NRL gloves, which would not only enhance the strength and ability of the gloves to resist oxidative degradation from heat and gamma irradiation but also increase their economical value as well as reducing the amounts of the investigated wastes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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15 pages, 4000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of the Drying Method and Optimization of Extraction on Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic of Rose Petals

by Sabrina Baibuch, Paula Zema, Evelyn Bonifazi, Gabriela Cabrera, Alicia del Carmen Mondragón Portocarrero, Carmen Campos and Laura Malec

Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030681 - 10 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2132

Abstract

The effect of freeze and hot air drying methods on the retention of total phenolics, antioxidant activity (AA), and color of different cultivars of rose petals was analyzed. Both methods similarly preserved the phenolic content and AA, while freeze drying showed better red [...] Read more.

The effect of freeze and hot air drying methods on the retention of total phenolics, antioxidant activity (AA), and color of different cultivars of rose petals was analyzed. Both methods similarly preserved the phenolic content and AA, while freeze drying showed better red color retention. Furthermore, the conditions of total phenolics and AA extraction from two rose cultivars, Lovely Red and Malu, were optimized by response surface methodology through a Box–Behnken design. The solvent exhibited a major effect on the total phenolic content (TPC) and AA. The selected parameters were ethanol 38%, 75 °C, and 30 min. Under these conditions, the predicted values for Lovely Red were 189.3 mg GA/g dw (TPC) and 535.6 mg Trolox/g dw (AA), and those for Malu were 108.5 mg GA/g dw (TPC) and 320.7 mg Trolox/g dw (AA). The experimental values were close to the predicted values, demonstrating the suitability of the model. Ultrasound-assisted extraction increased the AA of the extracts but not the TPC. Fifteen compounds were identified in the Lovely Red cultivar, with no differences between the two drying methods. The results obtained suggest that the analyzed cultivars, particularly the red ones, can be considered a natural source of powerful antioxidant compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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13 pages, 2320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tissue-Specific Antioxidant Activities of Germinated Seeds in Lentil Cultivars during Thermal Processing

by Ji Hye Kim, Shucheng Duan, You Rang Park and Seok Hyun Eom

Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 670; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030670 - 08 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1621

Abstract

Nongerminated seeds (NGS) and germinated seeds (GS) of lentils are regularly eaten after thermal processing. However, the effect of these high temperatures on the beneficial antioxidants present in seeds is unknown. This study examined the effects of thermal processing on the color, polyphenol [...] Read more.

Nongerminated seeds (NGS) and germinated seeds (GS) of lentils are regularly eaten after thermal processing. However, the effect of these high temperatures on the beneficial antioxidants present in seeds is unknown. This study examined the effects of thermal processing on the color, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity (AA) of the seeds of three different cultivars of lentils, including two with seed coats, French green (FG) and Lentil green (LG), and one without a seed coat, Lentil red (LR). Regardless of the cultivars and processing temperatures, the GS tended to be clearer and less yellow than the NGS. The GS of the FG and LG showed lower levels of total phenolic content, major flavonoid content (kaempferol, luteolin, and myricetin), and AA than the NGS. On the other hand, the LR displayed the opposite trend, with the above indicators being higher in the GS than in the NGS. As the values in the germinated endosperm tended to increase, it was concluded that the decrease in AA in the FG and LG was caused by the reduction in antioxidants in the seed coat. Although the temperature had nonsignificant effects on the majority of the antioxidants in the NGS and GS of different lentil cultivars, an 80 °C treatment yielded the highest value of AA in the GS of FG and LG. The results of a correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated the significance of the content of kaempferol, total flavonoids, and total phenolics examined for this experiment as contributors to AA in lentil tissues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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19 pages, 2922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Isolation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Biological Properties of Inotodiol, the Potent Pharmaceutical Oxysterol from Chaga Mushroom

by Phu Cuong Nguyen, My Tuyen Thi Nguyen, Ba Tai Truong, Dae-Ryeol Kim, Sujin Shin, Ju-Eun Kim, Kyu-Been Park, Ji-Hyun Park, Phuong Lan Tran, So-Young Ban, Jaehan Kim and Jong-Tae Park

Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020447 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3942

Abstract

Inotodiol, an oxysterol found only in Chaga mushroom, has received attention from the pharmaceutical industry due to its strong antioxidant and anti-allergic activities. However, the production of inotodiol is still challenging, and its fundamental properties have yet to be investigated. This study aims [...] Read more.

Inotodiol, an oxysterol found only in Chaga mushroom, has received attention from the pharmaceutical industry due to its strong antioxidant and anti-allergic activities. However, the production of inotodiol is still challenging, and its fundamental properties have yet to be investigated. This study aims to develop an efficient method to produce high-purity inotodiol from Chaga mushroom. Then, pure inotodiol was used to assess its physicochemical properties and biological activities. By optimizing the solvent used for extraction and purification, a new method to produce inotodiol was developed with high purity (>97%) and purification yield (33.6%). Inotodiol exhibited a melting point (192.06 °C) much higher than lanosterol and cholesterol. However, the solubility of inotodiol in organic solvents was notably lower than those of the other two sterols. The difference in the hydroxyl group at C-22 of inotodiol has shown the distinctive physicochemical properties of inotodiol compared with cholesterol and lanosterol. Based on those findings, a nonionic surfactant-based delivery system for inotodiol was developed to improve its bioavailability. The inotodiol microemulsion prepared with 1–2% Tween-80 exhibited homogenous droplets with an acceptable diameter (354 to 217 nm) and encapsulation efficiency (85.6–86.9%). The pharmacokinetic analysis of inotodiol microemulsion in oral administration of 4.5 mg/kg exhibited AUC_0–24h = 341.81 (ng·h/mL), and C_max = 88.05 (ng/mL). Notably, when the dose increased from 4.5 to 8.0 mg/kg, the bioavailability of inotodiol decreased from 41.32% to 33.28%. In a mouse model of sepsis, the serum level of interleukin-6 significantly decreased, and the rectal temperature of mice was recovered in the inotodiol emulsion group, indicating that inotodiol microemulsion is an effective oral delivery method. These results could provide valuable information for applying inotodiol in functional food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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19 pages, 2864 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Antioxidant Properties and Metabolite Profiling of Acer pseudoplatanus Leaves of Different Colors

by Ming Zhang, Jeehwan Choe, Ting Bu, Shuilin Liu and Sooah Kim

Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010065 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1609

Abstract

Acer pseudoplatanus (maple) is a widely grown ornamental plant. In addition to its ornamental and ecological value, it also has potentially high economic value. It is a rich source of polyphenols and exhibits antioxidant activity. However, the relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidant [...] Read more.

Acer pseudoplatanus (maple) is a widely grown ornamental plant. In addition to its ornamental and ecological value, it also has potentially high economic value. It is a rich source of polyphenols and exhibits antioxidant activity. However, the relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in maple leaves of different colors (green, yellow, and red) has not yet been investigated. In this study, the total polyphenol (TP), total flavonoid (TFlav), tannin (TET), chlorophyll a and b (Chl a and b), total anthocyanin (TAN), and total carotene (TAC) contents in maple leaves of different colors were evaluated. Their antioxidant activities were determined based on the inhibition of lipid oxidation, DPPH scavenging, ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, and iron-chelating abilities. The concentrations of TP, TET, TFlav, TAN, and TAC in red maple leaves were higher than those in green and yellow maple leaves. In addition, red maple leaves showed a higher antioxidant effect than the leaves of the other two colors. We observed that antioxidant activity was positively correlated with TP, TFlav, and TAN and negatively correlated with Chl a and b. Finally, we analyzed the metabolites of the different colored (i.e., green, yellow, and red) maple leaves using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and found that the metabolite profile significantly varied between the different colors. These results suggest that red leaves are a good source of polyphenols and antioxidants and have potential use in the development of functional foods and medicinal applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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16 pages, 1129 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioactive Activities of the Phenolic Extract from Sterile Bracts of Araucaria angustifolia

by Thaís Estéfane Fischer, Amanda Marcondes, Danianni Marinho Zardo, Alessandro Nogueira, Ricardo C. Calhelha, Josiana A. Vaz, Lillian Barros, Acácio Antonio Ferreira Zielinski and Aline Alberti

Antioxidants 2022, 11(12), 2431; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122431 - 09 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1455

Abstract

Sterile bracts can represent 80% of Araucaria angustifolia pinecone and are a rich source of phenolic compounds. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of the phenolic compounds from Araucaria angustifolia bracts using response surface methodology; the bioactivity properties were also investigated. The [...] Read more.

Sterile bracts can represent 80% of Araucaria angustifolia pinecone and are a rich source of phenolic compounds. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of the phenolic compounds from Araucaria angustifolia bracts using response surface methodology; the bioactivity properties were also investigated. The effects of the ethanol concentration, solute/solvent ratio, and temperature in relation to the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The quantification and identification of the individual phenolic compounds (using high-performance liquid chromatography) and their bioactivity were evaluated. The optimized extraction conditions, which detected gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and kaempferol, were obtained using 60% ethanol at a ratio of 1:38 (w/v) and a temperature of 80 °C. The extract showed high levels of phenolic classes and antioxidant activity. The extract also showed an inhibitory activity for pathogenic (approximately 80%, 10,000 µg/mL) and lactic acid (27.9%, 15,000 µg/mL) bacteria strains. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was approximately ten times greater than acarbose, demonstrating its high antiglycemic potential. No antioxidant and anti-inflammatory cellular activity were determined; however, a high cytotoxicity for non-tumor cells and the antiproliferative activity against the tumor cells were observed. Overall, the phenolic extract showed promising action in relation to the fight against the diseases related to oxidative stress and, hopefully, the application of the safe concentrations of the extract, based on bioavailability assays, can be verified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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25 pages, 8874 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Upregulation of Antioxidative Gene Expression by Lasia spinosa Organic Extract Improves the Predisposing Biomarkers and Tissue Architectures in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Models of Long Evans Rats

by Farjana Sharmen, Md. Atiar Rahman, A. M. Abu Ahmed, Tanvir Ahmed Siddique, Md. Khalid Juhani Rafi and Jitbanjong Tangpong

Antioxidants 2022, 11(12), 2398; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122398 - 02 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2345

Abstract

Plants are an entity essential to the function of the biosphere as well as human health. In the context of human health, this research investigated the effect of Lasia spinosa (Lour) leaf methanolic extracts (LSML) on antioxidative enzymes and gene expression as well [...] Read more.

Plants are an entity essential to the function of the biosphere as well as human health. In the context of human health, this research investigated the effect of Lasia spinosa (Lour) leaf methanolic extracts (LSML) on antioxidative enzymes and gene expression as well as biochemical and histological markers in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model. Fructose-fed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals were subjected to a four-week intervention followed by the assessment of the animal’s blood and tissues for enzymatic, biochemical, histological, and genetic changes. LSML-treated groups were shown to decrease plasma glucose levels and improve body and organ weights compared to the untreated group in a dose-dependent manner. At the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg b.w., LSML were able to normalize serum, hepatic, and renal biochemical parameters and restore the pancreas, kidney, liver, and spleen tissue architectures to their native state. A considerable increase (p < 0.01) of liver antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, GSH, and a decrease of MDA level in LSML-treated groups were found at higher doses. The improved mRNA expression level of antioxidant genes CAT, SOD2, PON1, and PFK1 was also found at the doses of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg BW when compared to untreated control groups. The results demonstrate that LSML impacts the upregulation of antioxidative gene expressions, thus improving the diabetic complications in animal models which need to be affirmed by compound-based antioxidative actions for therapeutic development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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18 pages, 5960 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction of Essential Oils from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. at Different Harvesting Times and Their Skin-Whitening Cosmetic Potential

by Yufei Qiu, Yong Wang and Ying Li

Antioxidants 2022, 11(12), 2389; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122389 - 01 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2082

Abstract

Litsea cubeba fruit, which has the highest content of essential oils in the plant, is an important woody oil plant resource. In this study, the influence of the solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and hydrodistillation (HD) techniques on the extraction of L. cubeba fruit [...] Read more.

Litsea cubeba fruit, which has the highest content of essential oils in the plant, is an important woody oil plant resource. In this study, the influence of the solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and hydrodistillation (HD) techniques on the extraction of L. cubeba fruit essential oils was investigated in terms of yield, kinetics, and chemical composition, where the former conditions were optimized by the response surface design. The maximal essential oil yield was obtained under the optimal SFME process conditions (442 W and 24 min), where the irradiation time was the most important variable (p < 0.0001). Regardless of the extraction method used, the influence of harvesting time on L. cubeba fruit essential oils were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed afterwards, where the SFME essential oil from July showed its superiority over the others regarding its higher extraction yield and better bioactivities. Compared with the HD method, the SFME approach could significantly enhance the yield of essential oils extracted from June to August by nearly 47% with the advantages of saving energy and low environmental impact. Interestingly, the SFME method could selectively extract monoterpene hydrocarbons such as D-limonene with relation to different compositions and bioactivities. Moreover, SFME essential oil showed a better inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and melanogenesis, indicating its skin-whitening potential as a new promising natural cosmetic ingredient. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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20 pages, 3033 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from Bambusa chungii Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction

by Xianshuang Cao, Yaoyao Zhang, Hang Xun, Jin Wang and Feng Tang

Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2231; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112231 - 12 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1847

Abstract

A large amount of waste from Bambusa chungii culms is generated from the bamboo pulping industry, causing disposal problems. Nevertheless, bamboo culms are a suitable source of functional ingredients, such as antioxidant compounds. However, because of the high compactness and tightness in their [...] Read more.

A large amount of waste from Bambusa chungii culms is generated from the bamboo pulping industry, causing disposal problems. Nevertheless, bamboo culms are a suitable source of functional ingredients, such as antioxidant compounds. However, because of the high compactness and tightness in their material structure, obtaining phytochemicals from bamboo culms using conventional organic solvent extraction methods can be inefficient. In this research, we developed a pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) method to recover 19 target phenolic compounds from Bambusa chungii culms. The extracted compounds were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF–MS). The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. We investigated the effects of temperature, extraction time, and the material-to-liquid ratio on PHWE, and these parameters were optimized with a Box–Behnken design experiment and response surface tool. The optimal extraction condition was found at 170 °C, with a 1:30 g/mL material-to-liquid ratio and a 14 min extraction time. Following these optimal parameters, the total yield of target phenolic compounds (TYPC) reached 3.85 mg/g of raw material, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) for the DPPH and ABTS tests were 94.7 mg/L and 21.88 mg/L, respectively. The FRAP value was 1.23 μmol FSE/mg of dried extract. A strong correlation between TYPC and the antioxidant activity of the extract was confirmed. The TYPC and antioxidant capacity of the optimal PHWE extract of the Bambusa chungii culms were both considerably higher than those of extracts obtained from conventional solvent extractions. These results indicated that PHWE is an excellent green technique for recovering phenolic compounds from bamboo culms, and the PHWE extracts of Bambusa chungii culms may be a good source of natural antioxidants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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22 pages, 2165 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Supplementing Sea Buckthorn Leaves (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and Chromium (III) in Broiler Diet on the Nutritional Quality and Lipid Oxidative Stability of Meat

by Mihaela Saracila, Arabela Elena Untea, Tatiana Dumitra Panaite, Iulia Varzaru, Alexandra-Gabriela Oancea, Raluca Paula Turcu and Petru Alexandru Vlaicu

Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2220; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112220 - 10 Nov 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1646

Abstract

Nowadays, the consumer trend towards healthier food choices is unquestionable. Meat products enriched with nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, are gaining much more interest among consumers. However, products are susceptible to quality deterioration and a short shelf-life of meat through [...] Read more.

Nowadays, the consumer trend towards healthier food choices is unquestionable. Meat products enriched with nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, are gaining much more interest among consumers. However, products are susceptible to quality deterioration and a short shelf-life of meat through lipid oxidation due to the lack of antioxidants in the meat. In this regard, the efficacy of dietary sea buckthorn leaves (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) together with Chromium on the nutritional quality of meat and lipid oxidative stability was investigated. An experiment (28 days long) was carried out on 90 Cobb 500 chickens assigned into three treatments: a control treatment based on corn and soybean meal, without Chromium (T0) and two treatments supplemented either with 0.00002% Chromium (T1) or with 0.00002% Chromium and 2% sea buckthorn leaves (T2). Dietary supplementation of SBL and Cr improved the PUFA/MUFA ratio, DHA concentration and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio compared to the other treatments. Moreover, the breast and thigh meat belonging to T1 and T2 treatments showed a higher concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin, Fe and Zn and expressed a higher antioxidant capacity compared to those from T0. Furthermore, n-6 and n-3 PUFA deposited preferentially in the thigh meat rather than in the breast meat. The results from the study showed that dietary SBL and Cr significantly improved the fatty acid pattern and the oxidative stability of chicken breast meat, lowering the TBARS level after storage. In conclusion, SBL and Cr are promising dietary bioactive compounds with beneficial effects to obtain nutrient-enriched meat products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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13 pages, 1524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Tomato, Beetroot and Carrot Juice Addition on Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Texture Properties of Wheat Bread

by Marianna Raczyk, Bartosz Kruszewski and Ewa Zachariasz

Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2178; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112178 - 03 Nov 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2684

Abstract

Bakery products, including bread, are important components of the diet of people all over the world. One of the food industry’s goals is to improve its quality in the context of healthiness and physical parameters. Consumers’ perception of sensory quality is an important [...] Read more.

Bakery products, including bread, are important components of the diet of people all over the world. One of the food industry’s goals is to improve its quality in the context of healthiness and physical parameters. Consumers’ perception of sensory quality is an important aspect of food choice. Thus, the study aimed to enhance nutritional parameters (antioxidant capacity, content of phenolic compounds) together with maintaining or increasing bread quality (texture, color, volume and sensory properties). Among vegetable juices, tomato, beetroot and carrot were selected, as they are easily accessible in Europe and are inexpensive. At the same time, those juices are known to be high in antioxidants. In this study, the effect of substituting recipe water with tomato, beetroot and carrot juices (replacement level: 15, 30, 50% v/v) was evaluated in terms of the specific volume, texture, color, acidity, polyphenol contents, antioxidant and sensory properties. It was concluded that juice content had a significant positive impact on physicochemical parameters such as volume, color, acidity, as well as the antioxidant activity of breads. The carrot and beetroot juices were the most efficient in terms of shaping wheat bread properties, especially in terms of antioxidant activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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18 pages, 2119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Balsam Poplar Buds: Extraction of Potential Phenolic Compounds with Polyethylene Glycol Aqueous Solution, Thermal Sterilization of Extracts and Challenges to Their Application in Topical Ocular Formulations

by Monika Stanciauskaite, Mindaugas Marksa, Liudas Ivanauskas and Kristina Ramanauskiene

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1771; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091771 - 08 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2023 | Correction

Abstract

Phenolic compounds of natural origin have been valued for their beneficial effects on health since ancient times. During our study, we performed the extraction of phenolic compounds from balsam poplar buds using different concentrations of aqueous polyethylene glycol 400 solvents (10–30% PEG400). The [...] Read more.

Phenolic compounds of natural origin have been valued for their beneficial effects on health since ancient times. During our study, we performed the extraction of phenolic compounds from balsam poplar buds using different concentrations of aqueous polyethylene glycol 400 solvents (10–30% PEG400). The aqueous 30% PEG400 extract showed the best phenolic yield. The stability of the extract during autoclave sterilization was evaluated. The extract remained stable under heat sterilization. Ophthalmic formulations are formed using different concentrations (8–15%) of poloxamer 407 (P407) together with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (0.3%), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0.3%) or hyaluronic acid (0.1%). Physicochemical parameters of the formulations remained significantly unchanged after sterilization. Formulations based on 12% P407 exhibited properties characteristic of in situ gels, the gelation point of the formulations was close to the temperature of the cornea. After evaluating the amount of released compounds, it was found that, as the concentration of polymers increases, the amount of released compounds decreases. Formulations based on 15% P407 released the least biologically active compounds. Sterilized formulations remained stable for 30 days. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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17 pages, 1239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and Anti-Enzymatic Capacities, Nutritional Analysis and UHPLC-PDA-MS Characterization of Ungurahui Palm Fruits (Oenocarpus bataua Mart) from the Peruvian Amazon

by Gabriel Vargas-Arana, Claudia Merino-Zegarra, Ángel Martín Rodríguez del-Castillo, Cristina Quispe, Ezequiel Viveros-Valdez and Mario J. Simirgiotis

Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1598; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081598 - 18 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2476

Abstract

Ungurahui, or Patawa, fruits are a popular fruit and medicinal food used in the Amazon. Here, we have studied nine natural populations of ungurahui from the Peruvian Amazon regarding their nutritional and biological activities, including metal composition, proximal analyses, cytotoxic, antioxidant and cholinesterase [...] Read more.

Ungurahui, or Patawa, fruits are a popular fruit and medicinal food used in the Amazon. Here, we have studied nine natural populations of ungurahui from the Peruvian Amazon regarding their nutritional and biological activities, including metal composition, proximal analyses, cytotoxic, antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibition activities. Twenty-four compounds have been detected in these Peruvian natural populations by UHPLC-MS, including nine phenolic acids (peaks 1–6, 8, 9 and 11), four C-glycosyl flavonoids (peaks 12, 16, 17 and 18), two flavonols (peaks 7 and 10), one flavanol (peak 15), three anthocyanins (peaks 13, 14 and 22) and five resveratrol derivatives (peaks 19–21, 23 and 24). Sample 9, Tunaants, showed the highest DPPH clearing capacity regarding the content of Trolox equivalents (2208.79 μmol Trolox/g), but an ORAC test of the sample collected in San Lorenzo showed the highest clearing activity (1222.28 μmol Trolox/g) and the sample collected in Allpahuayo Mishana showed the most powerful ABTS (1803.72 μmol Trolox/g). The sample from Jenaro Herrera was the most powerful in AChe inhibition (IC₅₀ 2.05 ± 0.03 μg/mL), followed by the sample from Contamana (IC₅₀ 2.43 ± 0.12 μg/mL). In BChE inhibition, the sample from Palestina was the most active (4.42 ± 0.06 μg/mL), followed by samples from Tunaants and San Lorenzo. The differences among bioactivities can be related to the different growing conditions of the populations of ungurahui. The palm tree fruit proved to be a good source of natural antioxidants and dietary fatty acids, and their consumption represents an alternative for the prevention of neurodegenerative or related non-chronic transmittable diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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12 pages, 1385 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Phlorotannins from Himanthalia elongata

by Marcelo D. Catarino, Ana Rita Circuncisão, Bruno Neves, Catarina Marçal, Artur M. S. Silva, Maria Teresa Cruz and Susana M. Cardoso

Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081518 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1777

Abstract

A phlorotannin extract was obtained from Himanthalia elongata, revealing a profile rich in fucophlorethol-type and carmalol-type compounds. When subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, its levels of total phlorotannins and antioxidant activity, measured in vitro via NO^● and O₂^●− scavenging [...] Read more.

A phlorotannin extract was obtained from Himanthalia elongata, revealing a profile rich in fucophlorethol-type and carmalol-type compounds. When subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, its levels of total phlorotannins and antioxidant activity, measured in vitro via NO^● and O₂^●− scavenging assays, were reduced, thus suggesting that these compounds’ integrity and bioactivity are negatively affected by the digestive process. Nevertheless, when undigested vs. digested extracts were used on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages, both showed a strong inhibitory effect on the cellular NO^● production. In fact, although not statistically significant, the digested extract revealed a tendentially stronger effect compared to its undigested counterpart, suggesting that even though there is a decrease in the phlorotannins’ concentration after digestion, with a consequent loss of their scavenging properties, the possible degradation products being formed may exert their effects through the modulation of the intracellular signaling mechanisms. Overall, this study not only contributes to a better understanding of the phlorotannins’ composition of the species H. elongata, but also shows that, although the digestive process may affect the integrity and concentration of these compounds, this does not necessarily translate into loss of bioactivity, in particular the anti-inflammatory activity, probably owing to the bioactive effects that the degradation products of these phenolics may have at an intracellular level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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18 pages, 5781 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioactive Components from Ampelopsis japonica with Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, and Antiacetylcholinesterase Activities

by Jia-Hua Liang, Hsiang-Ru Lin, Chang-Syun Yang, Chia-Ching Liaw, I-Chou Wang and Jih-Jung Chen

Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071228 - 23 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2218

Abstract

The dried root of Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino (A. japonica.) is a traditional medicine used to treat fever, pain, and wound healing. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antityrosinase, and antimelanogenic activities. In this paper, we used different solvent extracts from the root [...] Read more.

The dried root of Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino (A. japonica.) is a traditional medicine used to treat fever, pain, and wound healing. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antityrosinase, and antimelanogenic activities. In this paper, we used different solvent extracts from the root of A. japonica to determine their antioxidant activity. Acetone extract showed relatively strong antioxidant properties by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In addition, these extracts also showed significant α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Acetone extract significantly inhibited α-glucosidase with an IC₅₀ value of 8.30 ± 0.78 μg/mL, and ethanol extract remarkably inhibited AChE with an IC₅₀ value of 37.08 ± 7.67 μg/mL. Using HPLC analysis and comparison with the chemical composition of various solvent extracts, we isolated seven active compounds and assessed their antioxidant, anti-α-glucosidase, and anti-AChE activities. Catechin (1), gallic acid (2), kaempferol (3), quercetin (4), resveratrol (6), and epicatechin (7) were the main antioxidant components in the root of A. japonica. According to the results of DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging assays, these isolates showed stronger antioxidant capacity than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Moreover, 1, 3, 4, euscaphic acid (5), 6, and 7 also expressed stronger anti-α-glucosidase activity than the positive control acarbose, and all the isolated compounds had a good inhibitory effect on AChE. Molecular docking models and hydrophilic interactive modes for AChE assays suggest that 1 and 5 exhibit unique anti-AChE potency. This study indicates that A. japonica and its active extracts and components may be a promising source of natural antioxidants, α-glucosidase, and AChE inhibitors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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15 pages, 2229 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microwave-Assisted Dendropanax morbifera Extract for Cosmetic Applications

by Hien Thi Hoang, Jae-Seok Park, Seong-Hyeon Kim, Ju-Young Moon and Young-Chul Lee

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050998 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2155

Abstract

Recently, utilizing natural bioactive compounds for active ingredients in cosmetics has become a growing worldwide trend. More and more studies aim to identify the sources of herbal ingredients for applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Additionally, in order to optimize the safety [...] Read more.

Recently, utilizing natural bioactive compounds for active ingredients in cosmetics has become a growing worldwide trend. More and more studies aim to identify the sources of herbal ingredients for applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Additionally, in order to optimize the safety of natural ingredients, choosing an environmentally friendly extraction method also plays an important role. In this work, an eco-friendly extraction technique for Dendropanax morbifera using microwave treatment and microwave-assisted Dendropanax morbifera extract (MA-DME) was investigated. The results indicate that higher yields of MA-DME were obtained than with conventional methods and that D. morbifera’s antioxidant properties were enhanced. Moreover, we found that MA-DME exhibited extraordinary antioxidant, anti-aging, and skin-whitening activities. We suggest MA-DME as a potential cosmeceutical ingredient than could be utilized for comprehensive protection of human skin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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1 pages, 172 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Stanciauskaite et al. Balsam Poplar Buds: Extraction of Potential Phenolic Compounds with Polyethylene Glycol Aqueous Solution, Thermal Sterilization of Extracts and Challenges to Their Application in Topical Ocular Formulations. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 1771

by Monika Stanciauskaite, Mindaugas Marksa, Liudas Ivanauskas and Kristina Ramanauskiene

Antioxidants 2022, 11(12), 2320; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122320 - 23 Nov 2022

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In the original publication [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds of Plants Materials: From Extraction to Applications)

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