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Processes
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Advance in Flow and Heat/Mass Transfer Technology
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Advance in Flow and Heat/Mass Transfer Technology

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2023) | Viewed by 10130

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhen Cao

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Guest Editor
Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
Interests: boiling; multiphase and reactive flow; surface engineering; energy storage; renewable energy utilization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Simone Mancin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
Interests: advanced heat transfer; nanotechnologies; two-phase flow; thermal storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jinliang Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Interests: advanced power cycle and power generation systems; micro- and nano-scale heat transfer; multiphase flow and heat transfer; optofluidics technology and solar energy utilization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Bengt Sunden

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
Interests: PEMFC; SOFC; batteries; hydrogen production and storage; renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy and the environment are global concerns, and so it is important to upgrade the current energy utilization systems and improve their efficiency so that a sustainable energy roadmap can be achieved. In this regard, flow and heat/mass transfer is an essentially relevant subject involving single-phase/phase-change heat transfer, mass transfer in reactions, microfluidics, etc. This Special Issue aims to demonstrate the advances in the relevance of this technology from quite broad perspectives, e.g., experimental measurement techniques, numerical methods, heat/mass transfer enhancement, single/multiphase flow in microchannels and complex geometries, etc. We welcome both research and review papers within the scope of this Special Issue in an open access format for researchers and engineers.

Dr. Zhen Cao
Prof. Dr. Simone Mancin
Prof. Dr. Jinliang Xu
Prof. Dr. Bengt Sunden
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heat transfer
  • mass transfer
  • multiphase flow
  • boiling and condensation
  • nanofluids
  • microfluidics

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6068 KiB  
Article
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Flow Field of the Turbine Stage under Different Axial Gaps
by Changzhu Yang, Liyun Fan, Zhuhai Zhong and Hanwen Zhang
Processes 2023, 11(7), 2138; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072138 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 682
Abstract
In order to reduce efficiency losses and improve the aerodynamic efficiency of axial turbines used in industry, the flow fields of the turbine stage were investigated numerically and experimentally under different axial gaps in this work. The influence of the axial gaps on [...] Read more.
In order to reduce efficiency losses and improve the aerodynamic efficiency of axial turbines used in industry, the flow fields of the turbine stage were investigated numerically and experimentally under different axial gaps in this work. The influence of the axial gaps on the flow unsteadiness and the flow field distribution is discussed. The results show that the aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine stage increases when the axial distance is reduced. The difference in entropy increases under different axial distances are mainly found in the section from the stator inlet to the rotor inlet: the turbine not only has a better time-average aerodynamic performance, but also has a better transient aerodynamic performance under working conditions with a small axial distance. Additionally, the maximum disturbance amplitudes of the stator and rotor are located near the trailing edge of the stator and the leading edge of the rotor, respectively. Compared with the wake disturbance of the upstream stator to the downstream adjacent rotor, the reverse disturbance of the downstream stator to the adjacent upstream rotor is more sensitive to the change in the blade spacing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Flow and Heat/Mass Transfer Technology)
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15 pages, 8518 KiB  
Article
Resonance-Enhanced Pulsing Water Injection for Improved Oil Recovery: Micromodel Experiments and Analysis
by Yawen Tan, Yiqun Zhang, Chengyu Hui, Chao Yu, Shouceng Tian, Tianyu Wang and Fei Wang
Processes 2023, 11(3), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11030957 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1502
Abstract
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a crucial technology in the petroleum industry, influenced by several factors, including flooding fluids and methods. The adjustment of injection strategies and the application of vibration stimulation can significantly impact oil recovery, especially residual oil. In this study, [...] Read more.
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a crucial technology in the petroleum industry, influenced by several factors, including flooding fluids and methods. The adjustment of injection strategies and the application of vibration stimulation can significantly impact oil recovery, especially residual oil. In this study, we conducted experiments using a glass micromodel to investigate the effect of pulsing water injection on oil recovery. Our results show that when the pulse frequency matches the natural frequency of the micromodel, resonance occurs during the two-phase flow of pulse driving, which causes an increase in the amplitude of oscillation, enhances the mobility of oil, and improves recovery. The efficiency of the kinetic energy of displacement is also improved. However, when the frequency is 3 Hz, the absence of resonance leads to the opposite effect. In addition, we found that a greater amplitude increases the fluidity of oil. These findings have significant implications for the design of EOR strategies and methods. Our experimental results provide insight into the effect of pulse water injection on oil recovery and offer a potential strategy for the optimization of EOR techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Flow and Heat/Mass Transfer Technology)
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14 pages, 7160 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of SCR-DeNOx Systems for Coal-Fired Power Plants Based on a CFD Method
by Huifu Wang, Jian Sun, Yong Li and Zhen Cao
Processes 2023, 11(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010041 - 24 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1796
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of the uneven distribution of the flow and ammonia concentration field in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification system of a 660 MW coal-fired power plant, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established at a [...] Read more.
In order to solve the problem of the uneven distribution of the flow and ammonia concentration field in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification system of a 660 MW coal-fired power plant, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established at a scale of 1:1. The existing flow guide and ammonia fume mixing device were then calibrated and optimized. The relative standard deviation of the velocity field distribution upstream of the ammonia injection grid (AIG) was optimized from 15.4% to 9.9%, with a reasonable radius of the deflector at the inlet flue elbows, and the relative standard deviation of the velocity field distribution above the inlet surface of the first catalyst layer in the reactor was optimized from 25.4% to 10.2% by adjusting the angle between the deflector and the wall plate of the inlet hood. Additionally, with the use of a double-layer spoiler ammonia fume mixing device, the relative standard deviation of the ammonia mass concentration distribution above the inlet surface of the first catalyst layer in the reactor was optimized from 12.9% to 5.3%. This paper can provide a valuable reference with practical implications for subsequent research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Flow and Heat/Mass Transfer Technology)
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19 pages, 8355 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection in an Open-Ended Square Channel with Two Suspending Heat Sources
by Qi Liu, Xingrong Xu, Peng Liang, Junjie Xia, Wen-Peng Li, Gu-Yuan Li and Jia-Jia Yu
Processes 2022, 10(9), 1774; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10091774 - 04 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1000
Abstract
Passive heat dissipation cooling technologies based on natural convection in open channels can effectively control the maximum temperature and improve the temperature homogeneity of 5G base stations, data centers and other equipment. In this paper, the flow and heat transfer of natural convection [...] Read more.
Passive heat dissipation cooling technologies based on natural convection in open channels can effectively control the maximum temperature and improve the temperature homogeneity of 5G base stations, data centers and other equipment. In this paper, the flow and heat transfer of natural convection in an open-ended square channel with two suspending heat sources are studied through numerical simulation. The distributions of the temperature field and flow field in the channel with different horizontal distances and vertical altitude differenced of the heat sources are acquired via the finite element method (FEM)-based COMSOL Multiphysics. The changes in local temperature and the local Nusselt number are obtained. The relationships between the temperature field, flow field, and Nusselt number with respect to the geometric parameters of the heat sources are discussed. With different geometric parameters of the two suspending heat sources, the average surface temperature at the bottom is always lower than the top, while the average Nusselt number reaches maximum and minimum values at the bottom and top surfaces, respectively. As the horizontal distance increases, the maximum vertical airflow velocity decreases. The average surface temperature and local Nusselt number go through a V-shape and reverse V-shape tendency, respectively. The maximum temperature at the surface of the heat source is 397 K at a horizontal distance of 0.36 m. The local Nusselt number on the side of the heat source reaches its maximum at a horizontal distance of 0.28 m with an average value of 33.5. As the vertical altitude difference increases, the temperature difference between the heat sources increases from 0 K to 54 K, and the maximum vertical airflow velocity goes through a reverse V-shape tendency. The Nusselt number of the right heat source decreases to a certain value of about 20, while that of the left heat source goes through a fluctuating tendency. The results show that the best arrangement of the heat sources is a vertical altitude difference of 0 m and a horizontal distance of 0.28 m. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Flow and Heat/Mass Transfer Technology)
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18 pages, 7144 KiB  
Article
Flow Characteristics Study of High-Parameter Multi-Stage Sleeve Control Valve
by Yongguo Sun, Jinghang Wu, Jiao Xu and Xingyu Bai
Processes 2022, 10(8), 1504; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10081504 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1622
Abstract
This study considers a multi-stage sleeve control valve with different opening degrees. The flow capacity of the numerical model is calculated using the actual working conditions of the control valve in a nuclear power plant as a baseline. A flow resistance test bench [...] Read more.
This study considers a multi-stage sleeve control valve with different opening degrees. The flow capacity of the numerical model is calculated using the actual working conditions of the control valve in a nuclear power plant as a baseline. A flow resistance test bench is then used to measure the flow capacity under each opening degree, and the flow characteristic curve is plotted to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. Based on CFX software simulations of different opening speeds, pressures, turbulent kinetic energy clouds, and set detection curves, analysis of the flow characteristics of the multi-stage sleeve valve with high parameters shows that, with an increase in the degree of opening, the valve speed will also increase. However, the speed at the socket orifice is slightly different, exhibiting a higher opening in the middle and lower openings on both sides. A maximum speed of 792.4 m/s is found in the 40% valve orifice. A maximum value of the turbulent kinetic energy of 1.4 × 10 4m2/s2 occurs in the throttle hole of the valve seat with an opening of 80%. The source of the aerodynamic noise is obtained in this study, which is of great significance to the decompression and noise reduction in multi-stage sleeve valves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Flow and Heat/Mass Transfer Technology)
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14 pages, 3506 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Continuous Operation of Low-Concentration Coalbed-Methane-Mixing Device
by Lu Xiao
Processes 2022, 10(7), 1265; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071265 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1135
Abstract
The concentration of low-concentration coalbed methane extracted from underground coal mine fluctuates greatly, which does not meet the requirements of intake concentration of coalbed-methane utilization devices. Due to this fluctuation, the coalbed-methane-utilization device cannot maintain stable and safe operation. The gas-mixing device is [...] Read more.
The concentration of low-concentration coalbed methane extracted from underground coal mine fluctuates greatly, which does not meet the requirements of intake concentration of coalbed-methane utilization devices. Due to this fluctuation, the coalbed-methane-utilization device cannot maintain stable and safe operation. The gas-mixing device is mainly used in coalbed-methane-utilization systems, providing each with a stable feed gas source with qualified concentration. In order to solve the problems of unsatisfactory uniformity of gas mixing and the large resistance of the existing coalbed-methane-mixing device, the mathematical model of the internal flow of the gas-mixing device is established. The influence of the internal structure of the gas-mixing device on the change in the uniformity of gas mixing and resistance loss is studied by numerical simulation and experiment. When the flow is 7000 Nm3/h, 50,000 Nm3/h and 160,000 Nm3/h, respectively, the spiral structure combination of L-N-R, N-L-R and L-N-R is optimal (L, R, N indicate left rotation, right rotation and without setting screw, respectively). There are some defects in the processing technology of the experimental device, which make the simulation and experimental data different. The numerical simulation of the gas-mixing process inside the unit can provide technical means for reducing resistance and improving the uniformity of gas mixing, and provide a stable gas source and safety measures for the coalbed-methane-utilization unit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Flow and Heat/Mass Transfer Technology)
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15 pages, 4953 KiB  
Article
Dusty Nanoliquid Flow through a Stretching Cylinder in a Porous Medium with the Influence of the Melting Effect
by Mahadevaiah Umeshaiah, JavaliK Madhukesh, Umair Khan, Saurabh Rana, Aurang Zaib, Zehba Raizah and Ahmed M. Galal
Processes 2022, 10(6), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10061065 - 26 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1550
Abstract
The melting effect, a type of heat transferal process, is a fascinating mechanism of thermo-physics. It is related to phase change issues that occur in several industrial mechanisms. Glass treatment, polymer synthesis, and metal processing are among these. In view of this, the [...] Read more.
The melting effect, a type of heat transferal process, is a fascinating mechanism of thermo-physics. It is related to phase change issues that occur in several industrial mechanisms. Glass treatment, polymer synthesis, and metal processing are among these. In view of this, the current investigation explicates the flow of a dusty nanofluid through a stretching cylinder in a porous medium by considering the effect of the melting heat transfer phenomenon. Using the required similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) showing the energy transference and fluid motion in both the liquid and dust phases were translated into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical solutions for the acquired ODEs were developed using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method of fourth–fifth order (RKF-45) and the shooting process. Graphical representations were used to interpret the effects of the governing parameters, including the porosity parameter, the Eckert number, and the stretching and melting parameters, on the respective velocity and temperature profiles for both the fluid and dust phases. The skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number were also discussed and tabulated. The outcomes show that enhancing the porosity parameter will diminish the fluid- and dust-phase velocities. Fluid velocity, dust-phase velocity, and temperature improve with escalating values of the curvature parameter, whereas the melting effect reduces the thermal profiles of the fluid and dust phases. The surface drag force declines with an improvement in curvature and porosity constraints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Flow and Heat/Mass Transfer Technology)
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