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3 pages, 181 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Practice

by Yoshihiro Yoshimura

Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092163 - 30 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1435

Abstract

Sarcopenia is a common clinical problem in older people and often leads to severe adverse outcomes [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Practice)

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16 pages, 2052 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Contribution of Diet Therapy and Probiotics in the Treatment of Sarcopenia Induced by Prolonged Immobilization Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Carmen Delia Nistor-Cseppento, Titus David Moga, Alexa Florina Bungau, Delia Mirela Tit, Nicoleta Negrut, Bianca Pasca, Calin Florin Bochis, Timea Claudia Ghitea, Anamaria Jurcau, Anamaria Lavinia Purza and Diana Uivarosan

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4701; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214701 - 07 Nov 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2952

Abstract

The prolonged immobilization associated with COVID-19 infection and the restrictions imposed by the pandemic have determined major changes in physical activity and eating habits, with a negative impact on physical performance. This study monitored non-pharmacological interventions (diet therapy and probiotics) in managing sarcopenia [...] Read more.

The prolonged immobilization associated with COVID-19 infection and the restrictions imposed by the pandemic have determined major changes in physical activity and eating habits, with a negative impact on physical performance. This study monitored non-pharmacological interventions (diet therapy and probiotics) in managing sarcopenia for patients with recent SARS-CoV-2 history (14 days). A prospective study was performed on 200 patients (between December 2020–December 2021), with SPPB score < 9, randomly divided into: Group K—DP (93 patients) with dietary therapy (protein 1.2–1.5 g/kg) and probiotics for two months; and Group K—non-DP (107 patients) without diet therapy and probiotics. All patients were included in a specific physical training program (40 min), three sessions per week. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), serum albumin, and hemoglobin were determined. The SMI was initially low for both groups without significant statistical differences (6.5 ± 0.52 kg/m² for Group K—non-DP vs. 6.7 ± 0.57 Kg/m² for Group K—DP, p = 0.135). After two months, significant difference between initial and final SMI values was determined for Group K—DP (6.92 ± 0.50 kg/m² vs. 6.77 ± 0.56 kg/m², p = 0.048). In Group K—DP, at end of study, were more patients with normal SMI (n = 32 → N = 70) values (p < 0.001) and fewer sarcopenia patients (p < 0.001). The initial serum albumin means values in the two groups (Group K—non-DP, 4.17 ± 1.04 g/dL, and Group K—DP, 3.95 ± 0.98 g/dL) were not statistically significantly different (p = 0.122). The hemoglobin level improved significantly following a hyper protein diet enriched with pro-biotics (p = 0.003). Diet therapy, consisting of increased protein intake and specific probiotics and specific physical therapy, demonstrated superiority in improving the functional status of patients with recent COVID-19 infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Practice)

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8 pages, 255 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Association of Objectively Measured Physical Activity with Physical Function in Patients with Sarcopenia during Hospitalized Rehabilitation

by Takuro Ohtsubo, Masafumi Nozoe, Masashi Kanai, Katsuhiro Ueno and Mai Nakayama

Nutrients 2022, 14(20), 4439; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204439 - 21 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2173

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the association between objectively measured physical activity and functional improvement in hospitalized patients with sarcopenia. In this retrospective cohort study, physical activity (light-intensity physical activity [LIPA]; moderate-to-physical activity [MVPA]) was measured using a triaxial accelerometer in patients with [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate the association between objectively measured physical activity and functional improvement in hospitalized patients with sarcopenia. In this retrospective cohort study, physical activity (light-intensity physical activity [LIPA]; moderate-to-physical activity [MVPA]) was measured using a triaxial accelerometer in patients with sarcopenia undergoing rehabilitation on hospital admission. The primary outcome was physical function measured with the SPPB and activity of daily living (ADL) measured with the functional independence measure scores for motor function (FIM-M) at hospital discharge. Multiple regression analysis was per-formed to investigate the relationship between the objectively measured physical activity and functional outcomes. A total of 182 patients with sarcopenia (aged 81; interquartile range (IQR) 13 years) were included in this study. In the multiple regression analysis, LIPA was associated with the SPPB score at discharge (β = 0.180, p = 0.015) but not with FIM-M at discharge. MVPA was not associated with SPPB or FIM-M scores at discharge. In conclusion, LIPA on admission is independently associated with physical function, but not ADL, in patients with sarcopenia undergoing hospitalized rehabilitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Practice)

11 pages, 2419 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trends in Nutrition Research for Sarcopenia: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Lei Wu, Kelin He, Dandan Fang, Xiuyue Qiu, Wenhui Xiao, Shuhui Lou and Rulin Yong

Nutrients 2022, 14(20), 4262; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204262 - 12 Oct 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2649

Abstract

Sarcopenia is age-related, pathophysiological muscle atrophy. Research regarding nutrition treatment of sarcopenia has developed rapidly, particularly as populations age. We evaluated the development of trends in this field using a bibliometric analysis. Articles up to July 2022 were searched in the Scopus database. [...] Read more.

Sarcopenia is age-related, pathophysiological muscle atrophy. Research regarding nutrition treatment of sarcopenia has developed rapidly, particularly as populations age. We evaluated the development of trends in this field using a bibliometric analysis. Articles up to July 2022 were searched in the Scopus database. Bibliographic information from the selected publications, such as countries, citations, world maps, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords, were converted and analyzed automatically using the “bibliometrix” package in R environment (version 4.2.0). We identified 368 Scopus articles from 1998–2021. According to citation analyses, 27 documents received more than 100 citations. Bibliometric analysis based on the literature included in this study revealed that South Korea (61 publications), United States (50), Japan (35), China (30), and Italy (20) contributed the most publications. Tehran University of Medical Science (19 records, 2.55% of articles) contributed the most publications. The most productive author was Landi, with eight articles (2.17% of articles). The publications were located in 196 journals, with Nutrients having the most publications (30, 8.15% of articles). The curves representing keywords “sarcopenia” and “aged” were the most apparent. Our analysis suggested that global nutrition and sarcopenia-related research increased rapidly from 2001 to 2021, demonstrating that this was a promising area of future research that could benefit from continued advances. Future research may focus on the effects of age and sex as well as intervention effectiveness, particularly exercise and nutrition supplementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Practice)

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12 pages, 607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polypharmacy and Its Association with Dysphagia and Malnutrition among Stroke Patients with Sarcopenia

by Ayaka Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Fumihiko Nagano, Takahiro Bise, Yoshifumi Kido, Sayuri Shimazu and Ai Shiraishi

Nutrients 2022, 14(20), 4251; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204251 - 12 Oct 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2577

Abstract

Evidence on polypharmacy in patients with sarcopenia is lacking. We aimed to examine the association of polypharmacy with swallowing function and nutritional risk in post-stroke patient with sarcopenia. This retrospective cohort study included hospitalized patients diagnosed with sarcopenia who needed convalescent rehabilitation following [...] Read more.

Evidence on polypharmacy in patients with sarcopenia is lacking. We aimed to examine the association of polypharmacy with swallowing function and nutritional risk in post-stroke patient with sarcopenia. This retrospective cohort study included hospitalized patients diagnosed with sarcopenia who needed convalescent rehabilitation following stroke onset. Study outcomes were the Food Intake Level Scale (FILS) as dysphagia assessment and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) as nutritional status at hospital discharge, respectively. To examine the impact of admission polypharmacy, multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine whether the number of drugs prescribed at hospital admission was associated with these outcomes. As a result, of the 586 patients enrolled, 257 (mean age 79.3 years, 44.0% male) were diagnosed with sarcopenia and were finally analyzed high admission drug prescription numbers were independently associated with FILS (β = −0.133, p = 0.017) and GNRI (β = −0.145, p = 0.003) at hospital discharge, respectively. Polypharmacy is associated with dysphagia and malnutrition in post-stroke patients with sarcopenia. In addition to the combination of nutritional and exercise therapies, review and optimization of prescription medications may be warranted to treat sarcopenia in order to maximize improvement in outcomes for these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Practice)

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15 pages, 714 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Applicability of the ESPEN and EASO-Defined Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity in Japanese Patients after Stroke: Prevalence and Association with Outcomes

by Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Fumihiko Nagano, Ayaka Matsumoto, Sayuri Shimazu, Ai Shiraishi, Yoshifumi Kido and Takahiro Bise

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4205; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194205 - 09 Oct 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2698

Abstract

Sarcopenic obesity is of growing research and clinical interest; however, validated diagnostic criteria are lacking. We therefore aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity as diagnosed by the criteria recently proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and [...] Read more.

Sarcopenic obesity is of growing research and clinical interest; however, validated diagnostic criteria are lacking. We therefore aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity as diagnosed by the criteria recently proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), and its association with outcomes among patients after stroke. This study was based on a cohort of 760 Japanese patients after stroke admitted to a post-acute rehabilitation hospital. Sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed at admission according to the ESPEN and EASO criteria using reference values specific to Asians. Outcomes included the motor domain of the functional independence measure (FIM-motor) and the food intake level scale (FILS) at discharge. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between sarcopenic obesity and outcomes. Among 760 patients (median age, 73 years; 352 women and 408 men), sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed in 34 patients (4.5%; 5.4% of women and 4.1% of men). In multivariate analyses, sarcopenic obesity was independently and negatively associated with FIM-motor (β = −0.048, p = 0.031) and FILS at discharge (β = −0.095, p = 0.046) in women. In contrast, in men, sarcopenic obesity showed an independent negative association with FIM-motor at discharge (β = −0.117, p < 0.001) but no statistically significant association with FILS at discharge (β = −0.004, p = 0.323). In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity diagnosed by the ESPEN and EASO-defined criteria was as low as 4.5% among Japanese patients after stroke. Furthermore, sarcopenic obesity was negatively associated with improvements in activities of daily living and dysphagia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Practice)

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14 pages, 967 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chair-Stand Exercise Improves Sarcopenia in Rehabilitation Patients after Stroke

by Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Fumihiko Nagano, Takahiro Bise, Sayuri Shimazu, Ai Shiraishi, Yoshifumi Kido and Ayaka Matsumoto

Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030461 - 20 Jan 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4836

Abstract

Currently, there is a lack of evidence to show that exercise therapy improves sarcopenia in older patients in clinical practice. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study to clarify the effects of chair-stand exercise on improving sarcopenia among patients diagnosed with sarcopenia undergoing [...] Read more.

Currently, there is a lack of evidence to show that exercise therapy improves sarcopenia in older patients in clinical practice. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study to clarify the effects of chair-stand exercise on improving sarcopenia among patients diagnosed with sarcopenia undergoing convalescent rehabilitation after stroke. According to the latest Asian criteria, sarcopenia was diagnosed when both skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) were low. Patients were asked to perform a repeated chair-stand exercise as whole-body resistance training, in addition to the rehabilitation program. Outcomes included sarcopenia rates, SMI, HGS, and physical function at hospital discharge. Multivariate analyses were used to examine whether the frequency of daily chair-stand exercise was independently associated with the outcomes after adjustment for potential confounders. After enrollment, 302 patients with sarcopenia (mean age: 78.6 years; 46.4% male) were analyzed. Overall, sarcopenia prevalence decreased by 21.9%, from 100% at admission to 78.1% at discharge. Multivariate analyses showed that the frequency of the exercise was significantly associated with the presence of sarcopenia (odds ratio: 0.986, p = 0.010), SMI (β = 0.181, p < 0.001), and HGS (β = 0.101, p = 0.032) at discharge, respectively. The chair-standing exercise was effective in improving sarcopenia in these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Practice)

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10 pages, 678 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Deprescribing Leads to Improved Energy Intake among Hospitalized Older Sarcopenic Adults with Polypharmacy after Stroke

by Ayaka Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Eiji Kose, Fumihiko Nagano, Takahiro Bise, Yoshifumi Kido, Sayuri Shimazu and Ai Shiraishi

Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030443 - 19 Jan 2022

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4268

Abstract

Evidence is scarce regarding the polypharmacy in patients with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deprescribing for polypharmacy on the improvement of nutritional intake and sarcopenia in older patients with sarcopenia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted [...] Read more.

Evidence is scarce regarding the polypharmacy in patients with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deprescribing for polypharmacy on the improvement of nutritional intake and sarcopenia in older patients with sarcopenia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with hospitalized older patients with sarcopenia undergoing rehabilitation after stroke. Study outcomes included energy intake, protein intake, handgrip strength (HG) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) at hospital discharge. To consider the effects of deprescribing for polypharmacy, we used multivariate analyses to examine whether the change in the number of medications during hospitalization was associated with outcomes. Of 361 patients after enrollment, 91 (mean age 81.0 years, 48.4% male) presented with sarcopenia and polypharmacy and were eligible for analysis. The change in the number of medications was independently associated with energy intake (β = −0.237, p = 0.009) and protein intake (β = −0.242, p = 0.047) at discharge, and was not statistically significantly associated with HG (β = −0.018, p = 0.768) and SMI (β = 0.083, p = 0.265) at discharge, respectively. Deprescribing was associated with improved nutritional intake in older sarcopenic patients with polypharmacy undergoing stroke rehabilitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Clinical Practice)

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