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Nutrients
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Nutritional Intake in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
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Nutritional Intake in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 32076

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Chiarioni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Gastroenterology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
Interests: inflammatory bowel disease; celiac disease; short bowel syndrome; chronic pancreatitis; functional gastrointestinal disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Roberto De Giorgio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: celiac disease; non celiac gluten; wheat sensitivity; intestinal insufficiency; short bowel syndrome; inflammatory bowel disease; acute/chronic pancreatitis; severe functional gastrointestinal disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intestinal absorption impairment of nutrients and essential vitamins represents one of the most challenging clinical problems in the majority of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). The inflammatory involvement in CD may extend throughout the length of the small bowel to the classic segmental localization in the terminal ileum, thus impairing nutrient absorption and processing. However, during the flare of the disease, a number of complications related to intestinal malabsorption become evident, such as malnutrition, dehydration and sarcopenia. The scenario could also be worsened by the best care option, which includes steroids and artificial nutrition. In addition, recent evidence suggests that both bowel inflammation and malnutrition may adversely affect the microbiota, thus contributing to disease activity. A number of patients also report a subjective perception of foods aggravating symptoms to justify restrictive diet measures. In this regard, there is an unmet need of solid scientific data about dietary supplements potentially contributing to the “healthy” small bowel function in active and quiescent CD. In paediatric studies, dietary treatment has been shown to improve bowel inflammation and nutritional status, but adult population data are lacking. It is time to gather relevant experience to thoroughly address nutritional deficiencies in adult and pediatric CD patients. The impact of the nutritional conditions on CD activity, as well as the influence on quality of life, is likely profound. The burden of Crohn’s disease on the wellbeing of reproductive age is also dependent on vitamin absorption, requiring clinical monitoring and adequate supplementation when necessary.  

This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Nutritional intake in patients with Crohn Disease”, welcomes the submission of original research, narrative and systematic reviews and meta-analyses, dealing with the nutritional management of CD in both adult and pediatric populations.

Dr. Giuseppe Chiarioni
Dr. Roberto De Giorgio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Crohn’s Disease
  • Malnutrition
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Dietary Modifications
  • Enteral Nutrition
  • Parenteral Nutrition
  • Nutrient Deficiency in Crohn’s Disease

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

23 pages, 839 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Treatment in Crohn’s Disease
by Giacomo Caio, Lisa Lungaro, Fabio Caputo, Eleonora Zoli, Fiorella Giancola, Giuseppe Chiarioni, Roberto De Giorgio and Giorgio Zoli
Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1628; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051628 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 11689
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which can affect any part of the whole gastrointestinal tract (from mouth to anus). Malnutrition affects 65–75% of CD patients, and it is now well acknowledged that diet is of paramount importance in [...] Read more.
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which can affect any part of the whole gastrointestinal tract (from mouth to anus). Malnutrition affects 65–75% of CD patients, and it is now well acknowledged that diet is of paramount importance in the management of the disease. In this review, we would like to highlight the most recent findings in the field of nutrition for the treatment of CD. Our analysis will cover a wide range of topics, from the well-established diets to the new nutritional theories, along with the recent progress in emerging research fields, such as nutrigenomics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Intake in Patients with Crohn’s Disease)
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27 pages, 1148 KiB  
Review
Dietary Management in Pediatric Patients with Crohn’s Disease
by Luca Scarallo and Paolo Lionetti
Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1611; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051611 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5876
Abstract
It has been widely endorsed that a multifactorial etiology, including interaction between genetic and environmental factors, can contribute to Crohn’s Disease (CD) pathogenesis. More specifically, diet has proven to be able to shape gut microbiota composition and thus is suspected to play a [...] Read more.
It has been widely endorsed that a multifactorial etiology, including interaction between genetic and environmental factors, can contribute to Crohn’s Disease (CD) pathogenesis. More specifically, diet has proven to be able to shape gut microbiota composition and thus is suspected to play a significant role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Moreover, poor nutritional status and growth retardation, arising from several factors such as reduced dietary intake or nutrient leakage from the gastrointestinal tract, represent the hallmarks of pediatric CD. For these reasons, multiple research lines have recently focused on the utilization of dietary therapies for the management of CD, aiming to target concurrently mucosal inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis and optimization of nutritional status. The forerunner of such interventions is represented by exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), a robustly supported nutritional therapy; however, it is burdened by monotony and low tolerance in the long term. Novel dietary interventions, such as Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet or Crohn’s Disease treatment with eating, have shown their efficacy in the induction of remission in pediatric patients with CD. The aim of the present narrative review is to provide a synopsis of the available nutritional strategies in the management of pediatric CD and to discuss their application in the dietary management of these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Intake in Patients with Crohn’s Disease)
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13 pages, 988 KiB  
Review
Sarcopenia and Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Pathological Conditions That Should Be Linked Together
by Francesco Palmese, Rossella Del Toro, Giulia Di Marzio, Pierluigi Cataleta, Maria Giulia Sama and Marco Domenicali
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1378; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041378 - 20 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3371
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), representing an independent predictor factor for the development of major postoperative complications. Thus, a proper assessment of the muscle strength, by using different validated tools, should be deemed an important step of [...] Read more.
Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), representing an independent predictor factor for the development of major postoperative complications. Thus, a proper assessment of the muscle strength, by using different validated tools, should be deemed an important step of the clinical management of these patients. Patients with CD are frequently malnourished, presenting a high prevalence of different macro- and micro-nutrient deficiencies, including that of vitamin D. The available published studies indicate that vitamin D is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration of muscle cells. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and sarcopenia has been extensively studied in other populations, with interesting evidence in regards to a potential role of vitamin D supplementation as a means to prevent and treat sarcopenia. The aim of this review was to find studies that linked together these pathological conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Intake in Patients with Crohn’s Disease)
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11 pages, 380 KiB  
Review
Diet Advice for Crohn’s Disease: FODMAP and Beyond
by Stefan L. Popa, Cristina Pop and Dan L. Dumitrascu
Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3751; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123751 - 06 Dec 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 10439
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and destructive granulomatous inflammatory bowel disorder that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been presumed that different types of diet might improve gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients. The aim of this review [...] Read more.
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and destructive granulomatous inflammatory bowel disorder that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been presumed that different types of diet might improve gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients. The aim of this review was to clarify the efficiency and indications of a low-“fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols” (FODMAP) diet (LFD) in CD and to further analyze the available data on other types of diets. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and WILEY databases were screened for relevant publications regarding the effect of FODMAP diets on CD. Our search identified 12 articles analyzing the effect of an LFD in CD, 5 articles analyzing the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MD), 2 articles analyzing the effect of a vegetarian diet (VD), and 2 articles analyzing the effect of a low-lactose diet (LLD). The majority of the studies included in this review show the significant efficiency of the LFD in CD patients. We found significant evidence demonstrating that the LFD has a favorable impact on gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients. Notwithstanding the evidence, it remains to be established if an LFD is more efficient than other types of diets in the short term and especially in the long term. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Intake in Patients with Crohn’s Disease)
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