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Nutrients
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The Role of Nutrients on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases
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The Role of Nutrients on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2022) | Viewed by 7545

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paolo Severino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: cardiology; heart failure; pharmacology; therapy; genetic; coronary microvascular dysfunction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardio and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the non-transmittable pandemic of the third millennium. Globally, CVDs represent a substantial problem for individuals and health care resources, and although progress has been achieved in terms of early diagnosis and therapy, morbidity and mortality rates are still too high. Therefore, an enhanced understanding of their pathophysiology is urgently needed. CVDs are complex and multifaceted diseases, and the pathophysiology includes different pieces of a single puzzle.

“We are what we eat”; Hippocrates understood it 2500 years ago. Nutrients are fundamental in the homeostasis of the human health system, and changes of any kind also play fundamental roles in CVDs. In fact, macro and micronutrients are central in the pathophysiological continuum existing due to risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, stress, as well as their consequences, such as inflammation, obesity, depression/mood disorders, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke and vascular dementia. To better examine the role of nutrients in CVDs and provide evidences and perspectives, this Special Issue plans to focus on research concerning the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of the relationship between nutrients and CVDs. Specifically, original articles reporting completely new results or reviews of the current literature regarding these disease aspects will be taken into account. The Special Issue hopes to focus on both basic and translational research, as well as clinical evidence, in order to obtain a more complete comprehension of the connection between nutrients and CVDs, considering all the aspects of this complex puzzle.

Dr. Paolo Severino
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardio-cerebrovascular disease
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • inflammation
  • metabolic syndrome
  • atherosclerosis
  • obesity
  • depression/mood disorders
  • heart failure
  • diet
  • nutrients

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1695 KiB  
Article
Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Mortality: Retrospective Analysis “Siena Osteoporosis” Cohort
by Filippo Pirrotta, Guido Cavati, Christian Mingiano, Daniela Merlotti, Ranuccio Nuti, Luigi Gennari and Alberto Palazzuoli
Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3303; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153303 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1106
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in bone metabolism, particularly concerning the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Knowledge of the role of vitamin [...] Read more.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in bone metabolism, particularly concerning the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Knowledge of the role of vitamin D in CVD arose from evidence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) inside the cardiovascular system. In this retrospective analysis, we investigated the relationships between vitamin D status and hospitalization for heart failure (HF), overall mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Between 2004 and 2009, age-stratified, random sampling of elderly men and postmenopausal women in the primary care registers of Siena residents was performed. In total, 174 males (mean ± SD, 65.9 ± 6 years) and 975 females (62.5 ± 6 years) were enrolled in the study. We investigated the association between 25OHD status and hospitalization for HF or causes of mortality. A total of 51 subjects (12 males and 39 females) had been hospitalized for acute HF. At the end of the survey, 931 individuals were alive, while 187 had died (43 males and 144 females). A greater proportion of deceased patients showed low 25OHD (particularly patients with levels below 20 ng/mL). A similar trend was observed concerning the prevalence of patients with 25OHD levels below 20 ng/mL who died from stroke (RR = 2.15; 95% CIs 0.98–4.69; p = 0.06). Low 25OHD levels may be predictive of cardiovascular mortality. Whether vitamin deficiency represents a primitive cause or is a simple bystander in increased cardiovascular mortality should be further investigated in prospective large cohort studies specifically designed to assess CVD risk, including a detailed assessment of cardiac dysfunction and the characterization of atherosclerotic lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nutrients on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases)
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15 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Hypomagnesemia and the Metabolic Syndrome among Apparently Healthy Kuwaiti Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Dalal Alkazemi, Noora Alsouri, Tasleem Zafar and Stan Kubow
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5257; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245257 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2231
Abstract
Magnesium plays a key role in metabolic disorder development, and hypomagnesemia may be implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the associations between hypomagnesemia, MetS, and MetS components among 231 adults (193 women [...] Read more.
Magnesium plays a key role in metabolic disorder development, and hypomagnesemia may be implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the associations between hypomagnesemia, MetS, and MetS components among 231 adults (193 women and 38 men) living in Kuwait who were apparently healthy without chronic diseases. We used the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the United States National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria to define participants with MetS. The Ministry of Health cutoff for hypomagnesemia (<0.74 mmol/L) was employed. IDF- and ATP III-defined MetS prevalence was 22.1% and 15.2%, respectively. Hypomagnesemia occurred in 33.3% of all participants and 53.2% of participants with MetS (p < 0.001). Magnesemia correlated negatively with body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and triglyceride level; magnesemia correlated positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for BMI, age, and sex, showed that hypomagnesemia was associated with a 12- and 5-fold greater odds of getting IDF-defined (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 11.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.87–28.14) and ATP-defined (aOR 5.44; 95% CI 2.10–14.10) MetS, respectively, in the study population. Hypomagnesemia was significantly associated with a 3.62, 9.29, 7.01, 2.88, 3.64, and 3.27 higher odds of an increased waist circumference (95% CI 1.48–8.85), elevated serum triglyceride level (95% CI 3.97–21.73), elevated FBG (95% CI 3.25–15.11), elevated SBP (95% CI 1.16–7.11), elevated DBP (95% CI: 1.22–10.89), and lowered HDL-C level (95% CI 1.69–6.32), respectively. Hypomagnesemia could be a consequence of the pathophysiology of MetS and its individual components among adults in Kuwait. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nutrients on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases)
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Review

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21 pages, 889 KiB  
Review
The Mutual Relationship among Cardiovascular Diseases and COVID-19: Focus on Micronutrients Imbalance
by Paolo Severino, Andrea D’Amato, Silvia Prosperi, Vincenzo Myftari, Aurora Labbro Francia, Merve Önkaya, Claudia Notari, Ilaria Papisca, Elena Sofia Canuti, Mia Yarden Revivo, Lucia Ilaria Birtolo, Paola Celli, Gioacchino Galardo, Viviana Maestrini, Gabriella d’Ettorre, Massimo Mancone and Francesco Fedele
Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3439; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163439 - 21 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3465
Abstract
Micronutrients are ions and vitamins humbly required by the human body. They play a main role in several physiological mechanisms and their imbalance is strongly associated with potentially-fatal complications. Micronutrient imbalance is associated with many cardiovascular diseases, such as arrythmias, heart failure, and [...] Read more.
Micronutrients are ions and vitamins humbly required by the human body. They play a main role in several physiological mechanisms and their imbalance is strongly associated with potentially-fatal complications. Micronutrient imbalance is associated with many cardiovascular diseases, such as arrythmias, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. It has been also observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in most severe patients. The relationship between cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19 is mutual: the latter triggers cardiovascular disease onset and worsening while patients with previous cardiovascular disease may develop a more severe form of COVID-19. In addition to the well-known pathophysiological mechanisms binding COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases together, increasing importance is being given to the impact of micronutrient alterations, often present during COVID-19 and able to affect the balance responsible for a good functioning of the cardiovascular system. In particular, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia are strongly associated with worse outcome, while vitamin A and D deficiency are associated with thromboembolic events in COVID-19. Thus, considering how frequent the cardiovascular involvement is in patients with COVID-19, and how it majorly affects their prognosis, this manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the role of micronutrient imbalance in the interconnection between COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nutrients on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases)
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