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Influence of Diet and Eating Disorders during Pregnancy and Lactation...
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Influence of Diet and Eating Disorders during Pregnancy and Lactation on Health Outcomes in Offspring

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition in Women".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 10973

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Naroa Kajarabille Garcia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain
Interests: pregnancy; lactation; nutrition; perinatal nutrition; bone turnover; oxidative stress; antioxidant system; inflammation; omega-3 fatty acids; physical activity
Prof. Dr. Javier Diaz-Castro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: pregnancy; lactation; nutrition; perinatal nutrition; pregnancy; oxidative stress; antioxidant system; inflammation; physical activity; endocrine function; early programming
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Julio J. Ochoa Herrera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: pregnancy; lactation; nutrition; perinatal nutrition; oxidative stress; antioxidant system; inflammation; physical activity; endocrine function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research in recent decades has identified an association between events that occur in early life and the risk of disease development throughout life. Both factors are related to the maternal environment as well as to the first years of the child's life. In particular, the alterations in the diet and nutritional status during pregnancy and early life can lead to relevant and permanent effects on the development of tissues and systems. In this way, diseases such as type 2 diabetes, coronary or cerebrovascular disease, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, etc., can be influenced by these conditions that occur during these critical periods of development. Therefore, these events have become the starting point for strategies aimed at changing the burden of noncommunicable diseases, for example, by promoting breastfeeding or nutritional counseling to pregnant women. In the presence of malnutrition or eating disorders, the fetus responds with a series of adaptations, including the alteration of the energy reserve and the redistribution of energy for the development of the brain, heart and adrenal gland, reducing blood flow to other organs, leading to permanent changes in blood pressure and metabolism. This mechanism, also known as the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, would explain the relationship between intrauterine growth restriction and the increased risk of obesity, hypertension, osteopenia, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, diet plays a critical role in health conditions and programming effects in humans. The scientific evidence linking early life nutrition to health and disease in adulthood is currently recognized as a pillar of health promotion and public health nutrition programs globally. This Special Issue aims to shed more light on this scientific field.

Dr. Naroa Kajarabille Garcia
Prof. Dr. Javier Diaz-Castro
Prof. Dr. Julio Ochoa Herrera
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • eating disorder
  • malnutrition
  • nutritional deficiency
  • weight alterations
  • nutritional programming
  • gestational conditions
  • human milk
  • lactation / breastfeeding
  • preterm neonates
  • metabolic disease

Published Papers (4 papers)

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21 pages, 7260 KiB  
Article
Appetitive Motivation and Associated Neurobiology Change Differentially across the Life Course of Mouse Offspring Exposed to Peri- and Postnatal High Fat Feeding
by Laura Contu, Christopher J. Heath and Cheryl A. Hawkes
Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5161; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235161 - 04 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2229
Abstract
Alterations in neural pathways that regulate appetitive motivation may contribute to increased obesity risk in offspring born to mothers fed a high fat (HF) diet. However, current findings on the impact of maternal obesity on motivation in offspring are inconclusive, and there is [...] Read more.
Alterations in neural pathways that regulate appetitive motivation may contribute to increased obesity risk in offspring born to mothers fed a high fat (HF) diet. However, current findings on the impact of maternal obesity on motivation in offspring are inconclusive, and there is no information about the long-lasting effects in aged animals. This study examined the longitudinal effect of perinatal and chronic postnatal HF intake on appetitive motivation in young and aged offspring. Female C57Bl/6 were fed either a control (C) or HF diet before mating through to lactation. At weaning, offspring were maintained on the C or HF diet, generating the following four diet groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C, and HF/HF based on the pre/post weaning diet. At 6 months, motivation was higher in HF/C females, but lower in male and female C/HF and HF/HF mice. By 12 months, this difference was lost, as C-fed animals became less motivated, while motivation increased in HF-fed mice. The mRNA levels of dopamine receptor 1 and 2 increased with age, while cannabinoid receptor 1 and μ-opioid receptor expression remained stable or decreased in mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. Results from this study suggest that perinatal and chronic postnatal HF feeding produced opposite effects on appetitive motivation in young adult offspring mice, which was also reflected in the shift in motivation over time. These results have significant implications for patterns of hedonic eating across the life course and the relative risk of obesity at different time points. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Diet and Eating Disorders during Pregnancy and Lactation on Health Outcomes in Offspring)
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17 pages, 2266 KiB  
Article
Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy: Findings from the Baseline Assessment of a Maternal Nutrition Service Programme in Bangladesh
by Sk Masum Billah, Camille Raynes-Greenow, Nazia Binte Ali, Farhana Karim, Sharif Uddin Lotus, Rashidul Azad, Mayang Sari, Piyali Mustaphi, Md. Maniruzzaman, Shah Mohammad Mustafizur Rahman, Michael John Dibley, Patrick John Kelly and Shams El Arifeen
Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3114; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153114 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4125
Abstract
Effective coverage of antenatal iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation is important to prevent adverse maternal and newborn health outcomes. We interviewed 2572 women from two rural districts in Bangladesh who had a live birth in the preceding six months. We analysed the [...] Read more.
Effective coverage of antenatal iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation is important to prevent adverse maternal and newborn health outcomes. We interviewed 2572 women from two rural districts in Bangladesh who had a live birth in the preceding six months. We analysed the number of IFA tablets received and consumed during pregnancy and examined the factors influencing IFA consumption by multiple linear regression and user adherence-adjusted effective coverage of IFA (consuming ≥180 IFA tablets) by Poisson regression. Overall, about 80% of women consumed IFA supplements in any quantity. About 76% of women received antenatal care at least once, only 8% received ≥180 IFA tablets, and 6% had user adherence-adjusted coverage of antenatal IFA supplementation. Multivariable analysis showed a linear relationship between the number of antenatal care (ANC) visits and the number of IFA supplements consumed, which was modified by the timing of the first ANC visit. Women’s education, free IFA, and advice on IFA were also associated with higher IFA consumption. Interventions targeting at least eight ANC contacts, starting early in pregnancy, providing advice on the importance of IFA, and providing IFA supplements in higher quantity at ANC contacts are likely to increase effective coverage of antenatal IFA supplementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Diet and Eating Disorders during Pregnancy and Lactation on Health Outcomes in Offspring)
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14 pages, 5014 KiB  
Article
Maternal High-Fat Diet Reduces Type-2 Neural Stem Cells and Promotes Premature Neuronal Differentiation during Early Postnatal Development
by Xiaoxuan Hu, Jing An, Qian Ge, Meiqi Sun, Zixuan Zhang, Zhenlu Cai, Ruolan Tan, Tianyou Ma and Haixia Lu
Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2813; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142813 - 08 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1725
Abstract
Maternal obesity or exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) has an irreversible impact on the structural and functional development of offspring brains. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal HFD during pregnancy and lactation impairs dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis in offspring by altering [...] Read more.
Maternal obesity or exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) has an irreversible impact on the structural and functional development of offspring brains. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal HFD during pregnancy and lactation impairs dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis in offspring by altering neural stem cells (NSCs) behaviors. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a chow diet (CHD) or HFD (60% fat) during gestation and lactation. Pups were collected on postnatal day 1 (PND 1), PND 10 and PND 21. Changes in offspring body weight, brain structure and granular cell layer (GCL) thickness in the hippocampus were analyzed. Hippocampal NSCs behaviors, in terms of proliferation and differentiation, were investigated after immunohistochemical staining with Nestin, Ki67, SOX2, Doublecortin (DCX) and NeuN. Maternal HFD accelerated body weight gain and brain structural development in offspring after birth. It also reduced the number of NSCs and their proliferation, leading to a decrease in NSCs pool size. Furthermore, maternal HFD intensified NSCs depletion and promoted neuronal differentiation in the early postnatal development period. These findings suggest that maternal HFD intake significantly reduced the amount and capability of NSCs via reducing type–2 NSCs and promoting premature neuronal differentiation during postnatal hippocampal development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Diet and Eating Disorders during Pregnancy and Lactation on Health Outcomes in Offspring)
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21 pages, 1211 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Human Milk Metabolic Hormones: A Systematic Review
by Majed A. Suwaydi, Xiaojie Zhou, Sharon L. Perrella, Mary E. Wlodek, Ching Tat Lai, Zoya Gridneva and Donna T. Geddes
Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3620; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173620 - 01 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2321
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with short- and long-term health consequences for the infant and mother. Breastfeeding is the recommended mode of feeding as it offers an opportunity to reduce the risk of GDM consequences, likely partially mediated through [...] Read more.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with short- and long-term health consequences for the infant and mother. Breastfeeding is the recommended mode of feeding as it offers an opportunity to reduce the risk of GDM consequences, likely partially mediated through changes in human milk (HM) composition. This review systematically reviewed 12 identified studies that investigated the impact of GDM on concentrations of HM metabolic hormones. Meta-analysis was not possible due to significant heterogeneity in study designs and hormone measurement techniques. The risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) tool. The methodological qualities were medium in half of the studies, while 25% (3/12) of studies carried a high risk of bias. Significant relationships were reported between GDM and concentrations of HM ghrelin (3/3 studies), insulin (2/4), and adiponectin (2/6), which may play an integral role in infant growth and development. In conclusion, preliminary evidence suggests that GDM may alter HM metabolic hormone concentrations; however, these relationships may be limited to the early lactation stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Diet and Eating Disorders during Pregnancy and Lactation on Health Outcomes in Offspring)
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