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Foundational Nutrition for Human Health
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Foundational Nutrition for Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 17800

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jeremy Townsend

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Kinesiology, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
Interests: nutrition; dietary supplementation; exercise physiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human body is a complex physiological organism that involves numerous interconnected systems and processes that work together to maintain the body's overall function and health. By nature, investigating nutritional interventions to improve human health is complicated due to the interplay between bodily systems and the multifaceted influence of single or multiple nutrients found in whole foods. To date, most nutrition research has been reductionistic in nature, examining the effect of single ingredients on a specific health outcome. Furthermore, while the dietary recommendations stemming from these data (RDA,RDI) have been useful, they do not address the unique needs of various populations for key nutrients. As whole foods contain a variety of micronutrients, phytonutrients, and bioactive compounds, more research is needed to examine the synergistic interplay between nutrients. Additionally, more data are required to determine daily requirements for nutrients that do not have current guidance, nutrient requirements that need to be updated based on current literature, or populations with distinct nutritional needs based on sex, race, stress, lifestyle factors, genetic polymorphism, or other factors. Lastly, it is becoming clear that the digestive system, and the gut microbiome, by proxy, profoundly impact on human health, influencing essentially every bodily system.

This Special Issue of Nutrients, “Foundational Nutrition for Human Health”, welcomes original research, literature reviews, meta-analyses, and other work that addresses the reassessment of nutrient recommendations, nutrient interventions with unique populations, studies on probiotics and the gut microbiome, and the synergistic interplay between micronutrients, phytonutrients, dietary supplements, and other compounds that improve human health. Please consider submitting your latest research and reviews examining these issues and those related.

Dr. Jeremy Townsend
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrient synergy
  • gut microbiome
  • micronutrients
  • phytonutrients
  • RDA
  • DRI
  • dietary supplementation
  • gut health
  • foundational nutrition
  • polyphenols
  • probiotics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2401 KiB  
Article
Milk or Kefir, in Comparison to Water, Do Not Enhance Running Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Master Athletes
by Kristen N. Gross, Patrick S. Harty, Joesi M. Krieger, Petey W. Mumford, Kyle L. Sunderland, Anthony M. Hagele and Chad M. Kerksick
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050717 - 01 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1083
Abstract
This study compared flavored kefir (KFR) and flavored milk (MLK) as a recovery drink in endurance master athletes. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, non-blinded crossover design, 11 males and females completed three testing visits whilst acutely ingesting either KFR, MLK, or water as a [...] Read more.
This study compared flavored kefir (KFR) and flavored milk (MLK) as a recovery drink in endurance master athletes. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, non-blinded crossover design, 11 males and females completed three testing visits whilst acutely ingesting either KFR, MLK, or water as a placebo (PLA). KFR supplementation occurred for 14 days before the KFR-testing day, followed by a 3-week washout period. Testing visits consisted of an exhausting-exercise (EE) bout, a 4-h rest period where additional carbohydrate feeding was provided, and a treadmill 5 km time trial (TT). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) survey was assessed at four timepoints. Blood was collected at baseline and after the TT and was analyzed for I-FABP levels. No significant difference (PLA: 33:39.1 ± 6:29.0 min, KFR: 33:41.1 ± 5:44.4 min, and MLK: 33:36.2 ± 6:40.5 min, p = 0.99) was found between the groups in TT performance. The KFR GSRS total score was significantly lower than the PLA after EE (p = 0.005). No differences in I-FABP were observed between conditions. In conclusion, acute KFR supplementation did not impact TT performance or I-FABP levels but may have reduced subjective GI symptoms surrounding exercise when compared to MLK or PLA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundational Nutrition for Human Health)
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19 pages, 3325 KiB  
Article
Acute Effects of Naturally Occurring Guayusa Tea and Nordic Lion’s Mane Extracts on Cognitive Performance
by Michael B. La Monica, Betsy Raub, Ethan J. Ziegenfuss, Shelley Hartshorn, Jodi Grdic, Ashley Gustat, Jennifer Sandrock and Tim N. Ziegenfuss
Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5018; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245018 - 06 Dec 2023
Viewed by 5373
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of guayusa extract and Nordic Lion’s Mane (LM) on cognition. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we examined the effects of a single dose of 650 mg guayusa extract (AMT: AmaTea® [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of guayusa extract and Nordic Lion’s Mane (LM) on cognition. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we examined the effects of a single dose of 650 mg guayusa extract (AMT: AmaTea® Max) vs. 1 g Nordic-grown Lion’s Mane (LM) vs. placebo (PL). Participants attended three testing visits consisting of neuropsychological tests (Go/No-go, N-Back, and Serial 7 s tasks) assessing performance, subjective assessments of cognitive perception, and vital signs. Each assessment was measured at baseline (pre-ingestion) and 1 and 2 h post ingestion. AMT significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the number of attempts during Serial 7s, total score, number of correct responses, total number of responses, and reaction time during N-Back and improved Go stimulus reaction time, but it reduced the percentage of correct responses in the No-go stimulus response during Go/No-go. LM significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the number of attempts during Serial 7s and reaction time during N-Back and improved Go stimulus reaction time in Go/No-go. AMT improved mental clarity, focus, concentration, mood, and productivity at 1 and 2 h (p < 0.05); the ability to tolerate stress at 1 h; and had greater ratings than LM and PL for mental clarity, focus, concentration, and productivity. PL improved focus and concentration at 1 h from baseline (p ≤ 0.05). AMT and LM improved subjective ratings of “happiness compared to peers” and “getting the most out of everything” (p < 0.05); however, this occurred earlier in LM (i.e., 1 h post ingestion). AMT uniquely elevated blood pressure from baseline. AMT significantly improved cognitive performance and self-perceived cognitive indices of affect over a 2 h period and perceptions of happiness 2 h post ingestion. In comparison, LM helped improve working memory, complex attention, and reaction time 2 h post ingestion and perceptions of happiness over a 2 h period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundational Nutrition for Human Health)
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17 pages, 1305 KiB  
Article
Methylliberine Ingestion Improves Various Indices of Affect but Not Cognitive Function in Healthy Men and Women
by Michael B. La Monica, Betsy Raub, Keeley Malone, Shelley Hartshorn, Jodi Grdic, Ashley Gustat and Jennifer Sandrock
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4509; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214509 - 24 Oct 2023
Viewed by 5402
Abstract
This study assessed the acute effects of oral methylliberine (DynamineTM) supplementation on cognitive function and indices of well-being. This was a double-blind, randomized, within-subject crossover trial. In total, 25 healthy men and women (33.5 ± 10.7 yr, 172.7 ± 8.6 cm, [...] Read more.
This study assessed the acute effects of oral methylliberine (DynamineTM) supplementation on cognitive function and indices of well-being. This was a double-blind, randomized, within-subject crossover trial. In total, 25 healthy men and women (33.5 ± 10.7 yr, 172.7 ± 8.6 cm, 73.3 ± 11.0 kg) underwent pretesting before ingesting methylliberine (100 mg) or a placebo (PLA) for 3 days. On the fourth day, the participants were tested before their fourth dose (baseline) and every hour post-ingestion for 3 h. After a one-week washout period, the participants repeated testing with the alternate investigational product. The testing battery consisted of vitals, Stroop test, Trail Making Test-B, and visual analog scales that assessed various indices of well-being. Mixed factorial ANOVAs with repeated measures were used to assess all variables. There were significant (p ≤ 0.050) interactions in terms of concentration, motivation, and mood. Methylliberine improved concentration at 1 and 3 h, motivation at 3 h, and mood at 1, 2, and 3 h (p ≤ 0.050). Methylliberine improved energy, sustained energy, and mood in all participants to a greater extent than PLA at 1 h and 3 h relative to baseline (p ≤ 0.050). PLA improved motivation at 1 and 2 h and mood at 2 h (p ≤ 0.050). Methylliberine improved concentration, well-being, and the ability to tolerate stress to a greater extent than PLA at 3 h relative to baseline (p ≤ 0.050). Women observed elevations in sustained energy at 1 and 3 h (p ≤ 0.050) with methylliberine vs. PLA. Methylliberine had a negligible influence on cognitive function and vitals (p > 0.050), and no adverse events were reported. Methylliberine significantly improved subjective feelings of energy, concentration, motivation, and mood, but not cognitive function. PLA improved motivation and mood at hours 1 and 2, while methylliberine sustained these benefits for longer. Methylliberine also improved concentration, well-being, and the ability to tolerate stress to a greater degree than PLA, while having no detrimental effects on vital signs. Methylliberine also seemed to have a positive impact on sustained energy in women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundational Nutrition for Human Health)
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Review

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20 pages, 1035 KiB  
Review
Foundational Nutrition: Implications for Human Health
by Jeremy R. Townsend, Trevor O. Kirby, Tess M. Marshall, David D. Church, Adam R. Jajtner and Ralph Esposito
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2837; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132837 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5498
Abstract
Human nutrition, and what can be considered “ideal” nutrition, is a complex, multi-faceted topic which many researchers and practitioners deliberate. While some attest that basic human nutrition is relatively understood, it is undeniable that a global nutritional problem persists. Many countries struggle with [...] Read more.
Human nutrition, and what can be considered “ideal” nutrition, is a complex, multi-faceted topic which many researchers and practitioners deliberate. While some attest that basic human nutrition is relatively understood, it is undeniable that a global nutritional problem persists. Many countries struggle with malnutrition or caloric deficits, while others encounter difficulties with caloric overconsumption and micronutrient deficiencies. A multitude of factors contribute to this global problem. Limitations to the current scope of the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and dietary reference intakes (DRIs), changes in soil quality, and reductions in nutrient density are just a few of these factors. In this article, we propose a new, working approach towards human nutrition designated “Foundational Nutrition”. This nutritional lens combines a whole food approach in conjunction with micronutrients and other nutrients critical for optimal human health with special consideration given to the human gut microbiome and overall gut health. Together, this a synergistic approach which addresses vital components in nutrition that enhances the bioavailability of nutrients and to potentiate a bioactive effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundational Nutrition for Human Health)
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