Nutrients

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23 pages, 2090 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Water Intake and Handgrip Strength in US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on NHANES 2011–2014 Data

by Dongzhe Wu, Chaoyi Qu, Peng Huang, Xue Geng, Jianhong Zhang, Yulin Shen, Zhijian Rao and Jiexiu Zhao

Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4477; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204477 - 23 Oct 2023

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Abstract

This study aimed to examine the relationship between daily total intake of water (DTIW) and handgrip strength (HGS) among US adults and to explore the impact of water intake on muscle function and health, providing a reference for public health policies and health [...] Read more.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between daily total intake of water (DTIW) and handgrip strength (HGS) among US adults and to explore the impact of water intake on muscle function and health, providing a reference for public health policies and health education. Using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014, a cross-sectional survey design was adopted to analyze 5427 adults (48.37% female and 51.63% male) aged 20 years and above. DTIW was assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recall interviews, and the HGS level was measured using a Takei Dynamometer. Weighted generalized linear regression models and restricted cubic spline plots were used to analyze the linear and nonlinear associations between DTIW and HGS level and to conduct a gender subgroup analysis and an interaction effect test. The results showed that there were significant differences in HGS and other characteristics among different quartile groups of DTIW (p < 0.05). There was a significant nonlinear trend (exhibiting an inverted U-curve) between DTIW and HGS (p for nonlinear = 0.0044), with a cut-off point of 2663 g/day. Gender subgroup analysis showed that the nonlinear trend (exhibiting an inverted U-curve) was significant only in males (p for nonlinear = 0.0016), with a cut-off point of 2595 g/day. None of the stratified variables had an interaction effect on the association between DTIW and HGS (p for interaction > 0.05). In conclusion, this study found a nonlinear association between DTIW and HGS levels, as well as a gender difference. This finding provides new clues and directions for exploring the mechanism of the impact of DTIW on muscle function and health and also provides new evidence and suggestions for adults to adjust their water intake reasonably. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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10 pages, 872 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Tibial Hemodynamic Response to Glucose Tolerance Test in Young Healthy Males and Females

by Si Chen, Shubo Wang, Shuqiao Ding and Chuan Zhang

Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 4062; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15184062 - 20 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1446

Abstract

The relationship between glucose metabolism and bone health remains underexplored despite its clinical relevance. This study utilized the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to probe gender-specific disparities in tibial hemodynamic responses among young healthy adults. Twenty-eight healthy participants (14 [...] Read more.

The relationship between glucose metabolism and bone health remains underexplored despite its clinical relevance. This study utilized the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to probe gender-specific disparities in tibial hemodynamic responses among young healthy adults. Twenty-eight healthy participants (14 males) aged 18–28 years old were recruited for this study. After ingesting a 75 g glucose solution, tibial hemodynamic responses were captured using NIRS in combination with a 5 min ischemic reperfusion technique, both before and at 30 min intervals for two hours post-glucose ingestion. Parameters measured included oxidative metabolic rate (via tissue saturation index [TSI]), immediate recovery slope after occlusion release (TSI10), and total recovery magnitude (ΔTSI). Post-glucose ingestion, both genders demonstrated a surge in blood glucose concentrations at every time point compared to baseline (p < 0.001, 0.002, 0.009, and 0.039 for males; p < 0.001, < 0.001, = 0.002, and 0.017 for females). Baseline tibial metabolic rate, TSI10, and ΔTSI did not significantly differ between males and females (p = 0.734, 0.839, and 0.164, respectively), with no discernible temporal effects in any hemodynamic parameters within each gender (p = 0.864, 0.308, and 0.399, respectively, for males; p = 0.973, 0.453, and 0.137, respectively, for females). We found comparable tibial hemodynamic responses to OGTT between genders. This study demonstrated the utility of NIRS in evaluating tibial hemodynamic responses to glucose ingestion through OGTT, enriching our understanding of the body’s metabolic responses to glucose intake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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20 pages, 3233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Skeletal Muscle in Response to Aerobic Exercise and Protein Intake

by Xueqing Zeng, Linghong Li, Zhilin Xia, Lianhong Zou, Timothy Kwok and Yi Su

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3485; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153485 - 07 Aug 2023

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Abstract

This study aimed to provide a more comprehensive molecular insight into the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), protein intake (PI), and AE combined with PI on human skeletal muscle by comparing their transcriptomic profiles. Fourteen published datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus [...] Read more.

This study aimed to provide a more comprehensive molecular insight into the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), protein intake (PI), and AE combined with PI on human skeletal muscle by comparing their transcriptomic profiles. Fourteen published datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used. The hub genes were identified in response to acute AE (ACTB, IL6), training AE (UBB, COL1A1), PI (EZH2), acute AE combined with PI (DDIT3), and training AE combined with PI (MYC). Both FOS and MYC were upregulated in response to acute AE, and they were, respectively, downregulated by higher PI and a combination of AE and PI. COL1A1 was upregulated by training AE but was downregulated by higher PI. Results from the gene set enrichment analysis (p < 0.05 and FDR < 25%) showed that AE and PI delivered their impacts on human skeletal muscle in analogous pathways, including aerobic respiration, mitochondrial complexes, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, metabolic process, and immune/inflammatory responses, whereas, PI may attenuate the response of immune/inflammation and ECM remodeling which would be promoted by AE, irrespective of its types. Compared to PI alone, acute AE combined with PI would further promote protein turnover and synthesis, but suppress skeletal muscle contraction and movement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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14 pages, 2197 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Serum Vitamin D Level with Temporomandibular Disorder Incidence: A Retrospective, Multi-Center Cohort Study Using Six Hospital Databases

by Yeong-Gwan Im, Man-Yong Han and Hey-Sung Baek

Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2860; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132860 - 24 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1065

Abstract

The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and TMD incidence using large-scale health data. Clinical data from the electronic health records of six [...] Read more.

The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and TMD incidence using large-scale health data. Clinical data from the electronic health records of six secondary or tertiary hospitals in Korea were used to evaluate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and TMD incidence. The data were converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. A cohort study was designed using the Cox proportional hazards model to examine the hazard ratio (HR) of TMD development after propensity score matching (PSM). An aggregate meta-analysis of the HR was subsequently performed. After 1:4 PSM, a target group with deficient 25(OH)D levels (<20 ng/mL) (N = 34,560) and comparator group with non-deficient 25(OH)D levels (≥20 ng/mL) (N = 47,359) were pooled from six hospital databases. HR meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between deficient 25(OH)D levels and TMD incidence (pooled HR: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–2.12). In conclusion, deficient 25(OH)D levels were found to be associated with an increased TMD risk. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency is a potential risk factor for TMD development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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14 pages, 1968 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Formula Milk Supplementation and Bone Acquisition in 4–6 Years Chinese Children: A 12-Month Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

by Bang-Yan Li, Jin-Li Mahe, Jing-Yu Hao, Wen-Hui Ye, Xue-Fei Bai, Hao-Tian Feng, Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto, Li-Peng Jing, Zi-Fu Zhao and Yu-Ming Chen

Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 2012; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15082012 - 21 Apr 2023

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Abstract

Dairy foods are crucial for adequate calcium intake in young children, but scarce data are available on the effects of formula milk on bone acquisition. This cluster-randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of the supplementation of formula milk on bone health in rural [...] Read more.

Dairy foods are crucial for adequate calcium intake in young children, but scarce data are available on the effects of formula milk on bone acquisition. This cluster-randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of the supplementation of formula milk on bone health in rural children accustomed to a low-calcium diet between September 2021 and September 2022. We recruited 196 healthy children aged 4–6 years from two kindergartens in Huining County, Northwest China. A class-based randomization was used to assign them to receive 60 g of formula milk powder containing 720 mg calcium and 4.5 µg vitamin D or 20–30 g of bread per day for 12 months, respectively. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at the left forearm and calcaneus, bone biomarkers, bone-related hormones/growth factors, and body measures were determined at baseline, 6, and 12 months. A total of 174 children completed the trial and were included in the analysis. Compared with the control group, formula milk intervention showed significant extra increments in BMD (3.77% and 6.66%) and BMC (4.55% and 5.76%) at the left forearm at 6th and 12th months post-intervention (all p < 0.001), respectively. Similar trends were observed in BMD (2.83%) and BMC (2.38%) in the left calcaneus at 6 months (p < 0.05). The milk intervention (vs. control) also showed significant changes in the serum concentrations of osteocalcin level (−7.59%, p = 0.012), 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D (+5.54%, p = 0.001), parathyroid hormone concentration (−15.22%, p = 0.003), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (+8.36%, p = 0.014). The percentage increases in height were 0.34%, 0.45%, and 0.42% higher in the milk group than in the control group after 3-, 6-, and 9-month intervention, respectively (p < 0.05). In summary, formula milk supplementation enhances bone acquisition at the left forearm in young Chinese children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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16 pages, 1071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increased Dietary Intakes of Total Protein, Animal Protein and White Meat Protein Were Associated with Reduced Bone Loss—A Prospective Analysis Based on Guangzhou Health and Nutrition Cohort, South China

by Zhao-Min Liu, Qi Huang, Huan-Huan Long, Shu-Yi Li, Yi Wu, Su-Juan Zhang, Xin-Yi Tang and Yu-Ming Chen

Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1432; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061432 - 16 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2112

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to prospectively investigate the relationships between different types of dietary protein and changes in bone mass in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people. Dietary intakes were evaluated by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire. Bone mineral density (BMD) [...] Read more.

In this study, we aimed to prospectively investigate the relationships between different types of dietary protein and changes in bone mass in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people. Dietary intakes were evaluated by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a dual-energy bone densitometer at multiple bone sites. Multivariable regression models were applied to investigate the associations of the participants’ dietary intakes of total protein, intakes of protein from various sources, and amino acid intakes with the annualized changes in BMD during a 3-year follow-up. A total of 1987 participants aged 60.3 ± 4.9 years were included in the analyses. Multivariable linear regression results showed that dietary intakes of total protein, animal protein, and protein from white meat were positively correlated with BMD changes, with standardized coefficients (β) of 0.104, 0.073, and 0.074 at the femur neck (p < 0.01) and 0.118, 0.067, and 0.067 at the trochanter (p < 0.01), respectively. With each increase of 0.1g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ in animal protein and white meat protein intakes, the BMD losses were reduced by 5.40 and 9.24 mg/cm² at the femur neck (p < 0.05) and 1.11 and 1.84 mg/cm² at the trochanter (p < 0.01), respectively. Our prospective data, obtained from Chinese adults, showed that dietary total and animal protein, especially protein from white meat, could significantly reduce bone loss at the femur neck and trochanter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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12 pages, 1516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Salt Intake with Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Middle-Aged to Older Chinese: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

by Tingyu Lu, Weisen Zhang, Chaoqiang Jiang, Yali Jin, Tong Zhu, Feng Zhu and Lin Xu

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030516 - 19 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1912

Abstract

Older people have higher amounts of sodium accumulation in skeletal muscles than younger people, indicating the possible role of salt intake on muscular and physical function. This large population-based cross-sectional study examined the association of salt intake with muscle strength and physical performance [...] Read more.

Older people have higher amounts of sodium accumulation in skeletal muscles than younger people, indicating the possible role of salt intake on muscular and physical function. This large population-based cross-sectional study examined the association of salt intake with muscle strength and physical performance in 4867 participants with an average age of 60.4 (standard deviation = 7.7) years. Information on salt intake was collected from self-reports. Absolute and relative grip strength (AGS and RGS), timed up-and-go test (TUGT), and falls were considered the indicators of muscle strength and physical performance. Linear and logistic regression were used to examine the associations of salt intake with AGS, RGS, TUGT score, and falls, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, body mass index, self-rated health, and self-reported hypertension. Higher salt intake was independently associated with lower grip strength and a higher TUGT score. Versus light salt intake, the adjusted β (95% confidence interval (CI)) of AGS_max, RGS_max, and TUGT scores in those with salty taste were −0.53 (−0.97, −0.08) kg, −0.04 (−0.06, −0.02) kg per kg/m², and 0.08 (0.02, 0.14) s, respectively. A non-significant association was found between salt intake and falls. In sex-stratification analysis, the association remained in women but became non-significant in men. Our results suggest that avoiding high-salt diets may play a role in preserving muscle strength and physical function in the elderly, especially in women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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13 pages, 755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Soy Food Consumption Is Inversely Associated with Handgrip Strength: Results from the TCLSIH Cohort Study

by Hongmei Wu, Jing Quan, Xuena Wang, Yeqing Gu, Shunming Zhang, Ge Meng, Qing Zhang, Li Liu, Xing Wang, Shaomei Sun, Qiyu Jia, Kun Song, Jian Huang, Junsheng Huo, Bing Zhang, Gangqiang Ding and Kaijun Niu

Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020391 - 12 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1928

Abstract

Background: Soy foods contain high levels of soy protein or isoflavones, which can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and increase antioxidant capacity, and thus ameliorate muscle strength decline. However, data from epidemiological studies investigating the association of habitual soy food consumption with muscle strength [...] Read more.

Background: Soy foods contain high levels of soy protein or isoflavones, which can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and increase antioxidant capacity, and thus ameliorate muscle strength decline. However, data from epidemiological studies investigating the association of habitual soy food consumption with muscle strength decline among general Chinese adults are limited. Methods: This study included 29,525 participants (mean age: 41.6 years; 16,933 (53.8%) males). Soy food consumption was evaluated using a validated 100-item food frequency questionnaire. Handgrip strength (HGS) was assessed with a hand dynamometer. Analysis of covariance were performed to assess the multivariable-adjusted least square means (LSM) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for HGS. Results: The multiple adjusted LSM (95% CI) of HGS across soy food consumption were 35.5 (34.2, 37.1) kg for <1 time per week, 36.1 (34.6, 37.6) kg for 1 time per week, 36.3 (34.8, 37.8) kg for 2–3 times per week, and 36.6 (35.1, 38.0) kg for ≥4 times per week (p for trend < 0.001). Compared to participants with soy food consumption less than one time per week, the multiple adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of low HGS was 0.638 (0.485, 0.836) when the weekly consumption was ≥ 4 times (p for trend < 0.01). Conclusions: Higher habitual soy food consumption was positively associated with HGS in general Chinese adults. Consumption of soy foods may have beneficial effects on muscle health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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10 pages, 858 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Vitamin A Nutritional Status Is a Key Determinant of Bone Mass in Children

by Xuanrui Zhang, Jiapeng Huang, Yingyu Zhou, Zhen Hong, Xiaoping Lin, Shanshan Chen, Yongnong Ye and Zheqing Zhang

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4694; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214694 - 06 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1703

Abstract

The bone mass increases that occur during the period of childhood are of great significance for maximizing the peak bone mass in adults and preventing for osteoporosis. Studies have reported that VA can improve the bone health in adults. Moreover, limited studies have [...] Read more.

The bone mass increases that occur during the period of childhood are of great significance for maximizing the peak bone mass in adults and preventing for osteoporosis. Studies have reported that VA can improve the bone health in adults. Moreover, limited studies have assessed such associations in children. In this cross-sectional study including 426 children, we assessed the children’s plasma retinol concentration by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and the dietary intake of VA and carotenoids using a structured Food Frequency Questionnaire. Their bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjusting for potential confounders, the restricted cubic spline revealed an inverted U-shaped association between plasma retinol concentration and BMD; the estimated effects on the TBLH BMD per μmol/L increase in the plasma retinol concentration were 1.79 × 10⁻² g/cm² below 1.24 μmol/L and −5.78 × 10⁻³ g/cm² above this point (p for non-linearity = 0.046). A multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive association between the plasma retinol concentration and the TBLH BMC (β = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.64 × 10⁻¹–3.62, p = 0.032). In conclusion, an appropriate plasma retinol concentration and greater intakes of dietary VA and β-carotene may enhance the bone mineral status of children who are aged 6–9 years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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13 pages, 1257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D Status and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Osteoarthritis Patients: Results from NHANES III and NHANES 2001–2018

by Jing Wang, Jiayao Fan, Ye Yang, Sara Moazzen, Dingwan Chen, Lingling Sun, Fan He and Yingjun Li

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4629; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214629 - 03 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3543

Abstract

Objectives: The role of Vitamin D (VD) in calcium balance and bone health makes VD a vital factor in osteoarthritis (OA). Studies that have evaluated the effect of VD on OA patients have mainly been performed on a short-term basis. In this analysis, [...] Read more.

Objectives: The role of Vitamin D (VD) in calcium balance and bone health makes VD a vital factor in osteoarthritis (OA). Studies that have evaluated the effect of VD on OA patients have mainly been performed on a short-term basis. In this analysis, we aimed to evaluate whether VD was associated with mortality, a long-term outcome, in OA patients. Methods: Participants with self-reported OA from NHANES III and NHANES 2001–2018 were included. Associations of 25(OH)D concentrations with mortality risk were assessed continuously using restricted cubic splines and by categories (i.e., <25.0, 25.0–49.9, 50.0–74.9, and ≥75.0 nmol/L) using the Cox regression model. Sensitivity and stratified analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the results. Results: A total of 4570 patients were included, of which 1388 died by 31 December 2019. An L-shaped association was observed between 25(OH)D concentrations and all-cause mortality, whereas an inverse association was found for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) across four categories were 1.00 (reference), 0.49 (0.31, 0.75), 0.45 (0.29, 0.68), and 0.43 (0.27, 0.69) for all-cause mortality and 1.00 (reference), 0.28 (0.14, 0.59), 0.25 (0.12, 0.51), and 0.24 (0.11, 0.49) for CVD-specific mortality; no significant associations were found for cancer-specific mortality. Similar results were observed when stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed. Conclusions: Compared with patients with insufficient or deficient serum 25(OH)D, those with sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations had a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, supporting a beneficial role of VD on a long-term basis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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12 pages, 1290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and the Changes in Bone Mass in Chinese Adolescents: A 2.5-Year Longitudinal Study

by Hui Li, Jin-Li Hou, Wan-Yu Yang, Qiong Zhang, Hao Feng, Xiao-Bao Wang, Kai-Li Deng, Xin-Liang Mao and Su-Mei Xiao

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4187; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194187 - 08 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1282

Abstract

(1) Background: Optimal bone mass accumulation during adolescence is crucial for maximising peak bone mass during adulthood. Dietary antioxidant vitamins may contribute to bone mass accumulation. This 2.5-year-long longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the relationships between dietary vitamin A, C, and E intakes [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Optimal bone mass accumulation during adolescence is crucial for maximising peak bone mass during adulthood. Dietary antioxidant vitamins may contribute to bone mass accumulation. This 2.5-year-long longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the relationships between dietary vitamin A, C, and E intakes and the annual changes in bone parameters among Chinese adolescents. (2) Method: Subjects aged 10–18 years (n = 1418) were recruited from a secondary school in Jiangmen, China. Dietary vitamin A, C, and E intakes were assessed using 24 h dietary records over 3 consecutive days. The Sahara Clinical Bone Sonometer was used to measure the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the speed of sound (SOS). Their annual changes were then calculated (i.e., BUA%/year, SOS%/year). The associations were detected after adjusting for the baseline bone phenotype; age; sex; weight; height; pubertal stage; physical activity; and dietary intakes of vitamin D, calcium and energy. (3) Results: A curvilinear relationship was found between the dietary intake of vitamin C and BUA%/year (p = 0.026); further analyses in the subgroups revealed that this relationship was observed in male adolescents (p = 0.012). A positive association was observed only in boys with a dietary vitamin C intake of ≥159.01 mg/day (β = 0.395, p = 0.036). Moreover, a linear positive association was shown between the dietary intake of vitamin E and BUA%/year in female adolescents (β = 0.082, p = 0.033). (4) Conclusion: Our findings indicated that dietary vitamin C intake has a threshold effect on bone mass gain in male adolescents and that dietary vitamin E intake could be a positive predictor of bone mass gain in female adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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12 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Dietary Pattern and Bone Mass in School-Age Children

by Xuemei Liao, Shanshan Chen, Mengyang Su, Xuanrui Zhang, Yuanhuan Wei, Shujun Liang, Qinzhi Wei and Zheqing Zhang

Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3752; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183752 - 11 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2042

Abstract

Early bone accrual significantly influences adult bone health and osteoporosis incidence. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns (DPs), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in school-age children in China. Children aged six–nine years (n = 465) [...] Read more.

Early bone accrual significantly influences adult bone health and osteoporosis incidence. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns (DPs), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in school-age children in China. Children aged six–nine years (n = 465) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. DPs were identified by principal component factor analysis. Total body (TB) and total body less head (TBLH) BMC and BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Five DPs were identified. After adjustment for covariates, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the “fruit-milk-eggs” dietary pattern was positively associated with TB (β = 10.480; 95% CI: 2.190, 18.770) and TBLH (β = 5.577; 95% CI: 0.214, 10.941) BMC, the “animal organs-refined cereals” pattern was associated with low TB BMC (β = −10.305; 95% CI: −18.433, −2.176), TBLH BMC (β = −6.346; 95% CI: −11.596, −1.096), TB BMD (β = −0.006; 95% CI: −0.011, −0.001) and TBLH BMD (β = −0.004; 95% CI: −0.007, −0.001). In conclusion, our study recommends home or school meals should be rich in fruit, milk, eggs with a moderate amount of vegetables, coarse grains and meat to promote bone development for school-age children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

12 pages, 624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Acid Load Was Positively Associated with the Risk of Hip Fracture in Elderly Adults

by Cheng-Feng Li, Yu-Ping Liu, Chun-Ying Liu, Hui-Lian Zhu, Bao-Hua Wu, Bao-Lin Li and Yu-Ming Chen

Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3748; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183748 - 10 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1845

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that dietary acid load (DAL) harms bone health, but the evidence is inconsistent and insufficient. This study examined the relationships between DAL and the risk of hip fracture. This case–control study contained 1070 pairs of 1:1 age-, city-, and [...] Read more.

Previous studies have shown that dietary acid load (DAL) harms bone health, but the evidence is inconsistent and insufficient. This study examined the relationships between DAL and the risk of hip fracture. This case–control study contained 1070 pairs of 1:1 age-, city-, and gender-matched incident cases and controls (mean age, 71 years) recruited in Guangdong, China. Dietary information was collected using a validated 79-item food frequency questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. DAL was estimated based on established algorithms for the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP). Higher PRAL and NEAP were dose-dependently associated with a higher risk of hip fracture in both the conditional logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis after adjusting for potential covariates. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI of hip fracture for tertiles 2 and 3 (vs. 1) of DAL were 1.63 (1.18, 2.25) and 1.92 (1.36, 2.71) for PRAL and 1.81 (1.30, 2.53) and 2.55 (1.76, 3.71) for NEAP in all participants (all p-trends < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed more pronounced associations in participants with a lower body mass index. Our findings suggested positive associations between the estimated DAL and the risk of hip fractures in the elderly Chinese population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Role in Bone and Muscle Health)

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