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15 pages, 1062 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults

by Keisuke Sakurai, Erika Okada, Saya Anzai, Risako Tamura, Izumi Shiraishi, Noriko Inamura, Satoru Kobayashi, Mikako Sato, Takashi Matsumoto, Kazuyuki Kudo, Yukihiro Sugawara and Tatsuhiro Hisatsune

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030770 - 02 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3275

Abstract

Since daily dietary habits can affect cognitive function, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet have been proposed as interventions to slow cognitive decline. However, because dietary habits vary widely among different food cultures, it is necessary to establish [...] Read more.

Since daily dietary habits can affect cognitive function, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet have been proposed as interventions to slow cognitive decline. However, because dietary habits vary widely among different food cultures, it is necessary to establish dietary pattern intervention methods that are appropriate for each population. Therefore, in this study, the dietary patterns of elderly Japanese individuals were classified using cluster analysis, and their relationship with cognitive function was investigated. We then modeled the dietary patterns and applied them to another cohort of elderly Japanese individuals to determine whether differences in dietary patterns could predict cognitive decline. One hundred and fifty older adults ≥ 65 years of age in the community were recruited. Their daily food intake and cognitive function were measured using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. K-means cluster analysis identified a high-carbohydrate (HC) dietary pattern with high cereal intake and a protein-balanced (PB) dietary pattern with high intake of legumes, vegetables, seafood, meat, and eggs. Cognitive function was significantly higher in the PB group than in the HC group. Furthermore, to classify the new data into HC and PB patterns, a classification model was created by discriminant analysis using food groups with significantly different intakes among dietary patterns. Next, we recruited 267 new older adults ≥ 65 years of age and measured food intake and cognitive function assessed using the memory performance index score. Individuals with cognitive decline were identified and their detailed cognitive functions were assessed using the neurocognitive index score. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in the HC pattern in both the general elderly and cognitively impaired cohorts. These findings suggest that a dietary pattern of low carbohydrate and high protein intake is associated with good cognitive function in elderly Japanese individuals. Classification by these dietary patterns can predict cognitive reservation in community-dwelling older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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19 pages, 2935 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Sarcopenia: The Prospective Role of Lipids and Basal Metabolic Rate in the Link

by Xuan Wang, Rong Xiao, Hongrui Li, Tiantian Li, Lizheng Guan, Huini Ding, Xiaoying Li, Huaguang Zheng, Kang Yu, Ai Zhao, Wannian Liang and Yuandi Xi

Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5321; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245321 - 15 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2134

Abstract

There is evidence of correlation between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and sarcopenia (SA). However, the influencing factors and the mechanism, such as age-related lipid redistribution, remain unknown. This study aimed to clarify the role of dietary fats and erythrocyte lipids profile combined with [...] Read more.

There is evidence of correlation between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and sarcopenia (SA). However, the influencing factors and the mechanism, such as age-related lipid redistribution, remain unknown. This study aimed to clarify the role of dietary fats and erythrocyte lipids profile combined with basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the link between MCI and SA. A total of 1050 participants aged 65 to 85 were divided into control, MCI, SA and MCI and SA groups. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to evaluate appendicular lean mass and BMR. Cognition and dietary nutrition were detected by neuropsychological tests and food frequency questionnaires. UHPLC-QExactive-MS/MS and UHPLC-Qtrap-MS/MS were used to conduct the lipidomics analysis. Lower dietary intake of different phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids and kinds of choline were significantly associated with MCI and SA. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curve and validation tests provided evidence that specific phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids and BMR might be the critical factors in the processing of MCI and SA, as well as in their link. The lipidomic analysis observed a clear discrimination of the lipid profiles in the individuals who are in MCI, SA, or MCI and SA, compared with the control. Lower expressions in certain phospholipid species, such as sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamines, decreased phosphatidylcholine with more unsaturated double bonds, lower level of lipids with C20:5 and C20:4, higher level of lipids with C18:2 and lipids with a remodeled length of acyl chain, might be closely related to the link between MCI and SA. Inadequate dietary intake and lower concentrations of the erythrocyte lipid profile of phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids with a lower level of BMR might be the key points that lead to progress in MCI and SA, as well as in their link. They could be used as the prospective biomarkers for the higher risk of cognitive decline and/or SA in elderly population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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15 pages, 1462 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 on Memory Function in Older Adults with Declining Memory: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

by Keisuke Sakurai, Takayuki Toshimitsu, Erika Okada, Saya Anzai, Izumi Shiraishi, Noriko Inamura, Satoru Kobayashi, Toshihiro Sashihara and Tatsuhiro Hisatsune

Nutrients 2022, 14(20), 4300; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204300 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5108

Abstract

The use of probiotics is expected to be an intervention in neurodegenerative conditions that cause dementia owing to their ability to modulate neuroinflammatory responses via the microbiome-gut–brain axis. Therefore, we selected Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 (OLL2712), the optimal anti-inflammatory lactic acid bacteria strain with [...] Read more.

The use of probiotics is expected to be an intervention in neurodegenerative conditions that cause dementia owing to their ability to modulate neuroinflammatory responses via the microbiome-gut–brain axis. Therefore, we selected Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 (OLL2712), the optimal anti-inflammatory lactic acid bacteria strain with high IL-10-inducing activity in immune cells, and aimed to verify its protective effects on memory function in older adults. A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed with older adults over the age of 65 years with declining memory. The participants consumed either powder containing heat-treated OLL2712 cells or placebo. Memory function was assessed using a computer-assisted cognitive test, Cognitrax. Daily dietary nutrient intake was assessed using the Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (BDHQ). The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed by fecal DNA extraction and 16S rDNA sequencing. Data from 78 participants who completed the entire procedure were analyzed, and significant improvements in composite memory and visual memory scores were observed in the active group, after accounting for the effect of daily nutritional intake (p = 0.044 and p = 0.021, respectively). In addition, the active group had a lower abundance ratio of Lachnoclostridium, Monoglobus, and Oscillibacter genera, which have been reported to be involved in inflammation. The present study suggests that OLL2712 ingestion has protective effects against memory function decline in older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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17 pages, 971 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Higher Total Cholesterol Concentration May Be Associated with Better Cognitive Performance among Elderly Females

by Ke Pang, Chunxia Liu, Jianbin Tong, Wen Ouyang, Shuntong Hu and Yongzhong Tang

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4198; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194198 - 09 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3220

Abstract

Background: The brain contains the highest level of cholesterol in the body, and the total amount of serum cholesterol in the blood has a huge impact on brain aging and cognitive performance. However, the association of total serum cholesterol with cognitive function remains [...] Read more.

Background: The brain contains the highest level of cholesterol in the body, and the total amount of serum cholesterol in the blood has a huge impact on brain aging and cognitive performance. However, the association of total serum cholesterol with cognitive function remains uncertain. This study determines whether there is an association between the total amount of cholesterol in the blood and cognitive performance in elderly females without a history of stroke. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on elderly (over 60 years old) females and males without a history of stroke from 2011 to 2014 in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The primary exposure was total blood cholesterol, and the main outcome was cognitive performance; this association was assessed with logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines. Results: 1309 female and 1272 male participants were included. In females, higher total cholesterol was significantly associated with higher cognitive scores, particularly in the digit symbol substitution test (OR 0.51, 95% CI (0.36–0.72)) and the animal fluency test (OR 0.64, 95% CI (0.45–0.91)). This association remained significant in models adjusted for age, race, smoking status, education level, and chronic conditions (OR 0.40, 95% CI (0.25–0.63)). This association was not significant in males, however. Conclusions: A higher concentration of total cholesterol measured in later life may be a protective factor for cognitive performance among females over 60 years old without a history of stroke. Further, this association was more pronounced among women with higher levels of education than women with lower or no education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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11 pages, 1515 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and the Prognosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

by Jihyun Eom, Bugyeong Son, Seung Hyun Kim and Yongsoon Park

Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3264; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163264 - 10 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2075

Abstract

Antioxidant intake has been suggested to be associated with the prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to investigate whether dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and that of major food groups are related to disease progression rate (ΔFS) and survival time [...] Read more.

Antioxidant intake has been suggested to be associated with the prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to investigate whether dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and that of major food groups are related to disease progression rate (ΔFS) and survival time in ALS patients. A total of 301 participants diagnosed with sporadic ALS according to the revised El Escorial criteria were recruited from March 2011 and followed up to the event occurrence, or the end of October 2021. Events included percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, tracheostomy, and death. DTAC was estimated using task automation and an algorithm based on 24 h dietary recall. ΔFS was negatively correlated with the vegetable and legume DTAC, and event-free survival was different among the tertiles of vegetables and legumes DTAC. Consistently, the risk of events was negatively associated with DTAC from vegetables and legumes. These results suggest that the intake of antioxidants, especially those derived from vegetables and legumes, has a beneficial effect on delaying disease progression and prolonging survival in patients with ALS. Further studies with large prospective cohorts and clinical trials are needed to determine whether the consumption of foods with high DTAC improves the prognosis of ALS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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13 pages, 30952 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Integrative Metabolomic Characterization Reveals the Mediating Effect of Bifidobacterium breve on Amino Acid Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

by Guangsu Zhu, Min Guo, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Gang Wang and Wei Chen

Nutrients 2022, 14(4), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040735 - 09 Feb 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2125

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is commonly accompanied by global alterations in metabolic profiles, resulting in cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in the brain. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we performed integrative untargeted metabolomic analysis of metabolite alterations in the serum and hippocampal tissues of amyloid-β [...] Read more.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is commonly accompanied by global alterations in metabolic profiles, resulting in cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in the brain. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we performed integrative untargeted metabolomic analysis of metabolite alterations in the serum and hippocampal tissues of amyloid-β (Aβ)-injected AD model mice and sham controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that a Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 intervention significantly restored the differential metabolites induced by Aβ-injection, resulting in B. breve CCFM1025 serum and hippocampal metabolomes clustering between control and model mice. Furthermore, pathway and metabolite set enrichment analysis found that these altered metabolites were predominantly linked to amino acid metabolism. Overall, the integrative metabolome analysis indicated that B. breve CCFM1025 supplementation could modulate serum and hippocampal metabolomes in the early stage of AD, with amino acids as a potential driver. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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14 pages, 329 KiB

Open AccessReview

β-Hydroxybutyrate Regulates Activated Microglia to Alleviate Neurodegenerative Processes in Neurological Diseases: A Scoping Review

by Siva Shantini Jayashankar, Khaizurin Tajul Arifin and Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030524 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2469

Abstract

This scoping review aimed to summarise the effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. The review details the revealed pathways and functional properties following its intervention in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, 5 research publications that met the inclusion and exclusion [...] Read more.

This scoping review aimed to summarise the effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. The review details the revealed pathways and functional properties following its intervention in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, 5 research publications that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were shortlisted. Following the intervention, we discovered a tendency of reduced inflammatory status in microglia, as evidenced by lower levels of pro-inflammatory mediators produced, reduced microgliosis in afflicted tissues, and enhanced cognitive functions in neurodegenerative models. We found that there is a significant overlap in the mechanism of action of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) via activation of the G-protein-Coupled Receptor 109A (GPR109a) receptor and deactivation of the inflammasome complex. Furthermore, although comparing outcomes can be challenging due to the heterogeneity in the study model, the results we have assembled here were consistent, giving us confidence in the intervention’s efficacy. We also discussed new studies where BHB is involved in various roles in regulating inflammation in microglia, allowing for fresh therapeutic targets against neurodegeneration. This brief review provides evidence to support the huge potential of BHB in the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Neurodegenerative Diseases)

26 pages, 1143 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dietary Restriction against Parkinson’s Disease: What We Know So Far

by Zhonglei Wang, Yueran Cui, Lulu Wen, Haiyang Yu, Juan Feng, Wei Yuan and Xin He

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4108; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194108 - 03 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3533

Abstract

Dietary restriction (DR) is defined as a moderate reduction in food intake while avoiding malnutrition. The beneficial effects of DR are being increasingly acknowledged in aging and in a series of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, for example, Parkinson’s disease (PD). To date, the pathogenesis [...] Read more.

Dietary restriction (DR) is defined as a moderate reduction in food intake while avoiding malnutrition. The beneficial effects of DR are being increasingly acknowledged in aging and in a series of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, for example, Parkinson’s disease (PD). To date, the pathogenesis of PD remains elusive and there is no cure for it in spite of intensive research over decades. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the efficacy of DR on PD, focusing on the underlying mechanisms involving general metabolism, neuroendocrinolgy, neuroinflammation, gut microbiome, and so on. We anticipate that this review will provide future perspectives for PD prevention and treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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