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Nutrients
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Utilization of Macronutrients and Their Relationship with Energy Balance
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Utilization of Macronutrients and Their Relationship with Energy Balance

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 August 2021) | Viewed by 13937

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Monica Serra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Medicine and the Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
2. San Antonio GRECC, South Texas VA Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
Interests: metabolism; dietary intake; physical activity; lifestyle behaviors; aging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A fundamental principle of metabolism research is that body weight change is associated with an imbalance between metabolizable energy intake and total energy expenditure. The conventional model of energy balance asserts that a calorie is a calorie, meaning that in an isocaloric environment, altering macronutrient intake will not influence energy balance differently. However, even slight changes to macronutrient intake results in rapid changes in substrate utilization, which may affect the partitioning of macronutrients between storage and oxidation. This Special Issue will focus on the metabolic pathways that are affected by macronutrient alterations and how changes in substrate utilization following macronutrient alterations may influence energy balance and body weight. Understanding the biological mechanisms that affect energy balance following macronutrient alterations is needed to recognize the most efficacious dietary prescription to obtain and maintain energy balance.

Dr. Monica Serra
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Energy balance
  • Macronutrients
  • Substrate utilization
  • Body weight

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2592 KiB  
Article
Use of Metabolomic Profiling to Understand Variability in Adiposity Changes Following an Intentional Weight Loss Intervention in Older Adults
by Ellen E. Quillen, Daniel P. Beavers, Anderson O’Brien Cox, Cristina M. Furdui, Jingyun Lee, Ryan M. Miller, Hanzhi Wu and Kristen M. Beavers
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3188; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103188 - 19 Oct 2020
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Abstract
Inter-individual response to dietary interventions remains a major challenge to successful weight loss among older adults. This study applied metabolomics technology to identify small molecule signatures associated with a loss of fat mass and overall weight in a cohort of older adults on [...] Read more.
Inter-individual response to dietary interventions remains a major challenge to successful weight loss among older adults. This study applied metabolomics technology to identify small molecule signatures associated with a loss of fat mass and overall weight in a cohort of older adults on a nutritionally complete, high-protein diet. A total of 102 unique metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for 38 adults aged 65–80 years randomized to dietary intervention and 36 controls. Metabolite values were analyzed in both baseline plasma samples and samples collected following the six-month dietary intervention to consider both metabolites that could predict the response to diet and those that changed in response to diet or weight loss.Eight metabolites changed over the intervention at a nominally significant level: D-pantothenic acid, L-methionine, nicotinate, aniline, melatonin, deoxycarnitine, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, and 10-hydroxydecanoate. Within the intervention group, there was broad variation in the achieved weight-loss and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-defined changes in total fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass. Change in the VAT mass was significantly associated with the baseline abundance of α-aminoadipate (p = 0.0007) and an additional mass spectrometry peak that may represent D-fructose, myo-inositol, mannose, α-D-glucose, allose, D-galactose, D-tagatose, or L-sorbose (p = 0.0001). This hypothesis-generating study reflects the potential of metabolomic biomarkers for the development of personalized dietary interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Utilization of Macronutrients and Their Relationship with Energy Balance)
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Review

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14 pages, 875 KiB  
Review
Macronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Amino Acids
by Roberto Iacone, Clelia Scanzano, Lidia Santarpia, Iolanda Cioffi, Franco Contaldo and Fabrizio Pasanisi
Nutrients 2020, 12(3), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030772 - 14 Mar 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 10176
Abstract
The right amount and quality of amino acids (AAs) supplied to patients on parenteral nutrition (PN) reduces muscle mass loss, may preserve or even increase it, with significant clinical benefits. Several industrial PN mixtures are available so that nutrition specialists can choose the [...] Read more.
The right amount and quality of amino acids (AAs) supplied to patients on parenteral nutrition (PN) reduces muscle mass loss, may preserve or even increase it, with significant clinical benefits. Several industrial PN mixtures are available so that nutrition specialists can choose the product closest to the patient’s needs. In selected cases, there is the possibility of personalizing compounded mixtures in a hospital pharmacy that completely meets the individual nutritional needs of PN patients. This narrative review deals with the AA solutions used in PN mixtures. The physiology, the methods to calculate the AA needs, and the AA and energy requirements suggested by scientific guidelines for each patient type are also reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Utilization of Macronutrients and Their Relationship with Energy Balance)
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