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Dietary Approaches and Components and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 6555

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Human Nutrition Clinic, Corso Giuseppe Di Vittorio 14, 70024 Gravina in Puglia, Italy
Interests: nutrition; oncology; obesity; epigenetics; physical activity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition plays a role in many aspects of cancer development and treatment. Good nutritional practices can help cancer patients to maintain or improve weight according to the treatments they are subjected to, offering concrete help in the management of some symptoms, and improving overall quality of life. Epidemiological and clinical research indicate the relationship between nutrition and the development or progression of certain cancers, including colon, breast, and prostate cancer, therefore classifying these tumors as diet-related cancers. The relationship between what we eat and the effect on health is based above all, considering other factors such as the genetic characteristics of an individual and lifestyle, on a delicate balance between an adequate supply of protective factors and a limited contribution of negative factors through food choices. Diet and its components can modify the risk of developing a disease. Indeed, some compounds contained in food can communicate with our genetic heritage and positively or negatively influence our state of health. Numerous bioactive elements in the Mediterranean diet have been found as protective factors against various illnesses. The epigenome has been identified as the principal target of gene expression modulations associated with these molecular nutrients. In fact, they may alter the epigenome and can be included into the "epigenetic diet," which refers to a dietary regimen that can be utilized therapeutically or preventatively for health reasons. Recent developments in the knowledge of the mechanisms behind nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, and nutraceuticals have led to the identification of superfoods capable of positively regulating gene expression.

Dr. Rosa Divella
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nutrition
  • oncology
  • obesity
  • nutrigenetics
  • lifestyle
  • epigenetics
  • diet

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1400 KiB  
Article
Malnutrition Prevention after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloHSCT): A Prospective Explorative Interventional Study with an Oral Polymeric Formulation Enriched with Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 (TGF-β2)
by Enrico Morello, Francesco Arena, Michele Malagola, Mirko Farina, Nicola Polverelli, Elsa Cavagna, Federica Colnaghi, Lorenzo Donna, Tatiana Zollner, Eugenia Accorsi Buttini, Marco Andreoli, Chiara Ricci, Alessandro Leoni, Emanuela Samarani, Alice Bertulli, Daria Leali, Simona Bernardi and Domenico Russo
Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3589; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173589 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2005
Abstract
Malnutrition is common after allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloHSCT), and interventions directed to correct nutritional status are warranted to improve transplant outcomes. In this prospective study, an oral polymeric formulation enriched with TGF-β2 (TE-OPF) was explored to correct malnutrition according to Patient-Generated [...] Read more.
Malnutrition is common after allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloHSCT), and interventions directed to correct nutritional status are warranted to improve transplant outcomes. In this prospective study, an oral polymeric formulation enriched with TGF-β2 (TE-OPF) was explored to correct malnutrition according to Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). TE-OPF was proposed to 51 consecutive patients who received transplants at our institution for hematological malignancies, and sufficient dose intake was established per protocol as at least 50% of the prescribed dose of TE-OPF: group A received adequate nutritional support; group B, inadequate. The study met the primary outcomes in terms of safety (no adverse events reported during TE-OPF intake except for its disgusting taste) and malnutrition (PG-SGA C 28 days after transplant): severely malnourished patients (PG-SGA C) accounted for 13% in group A and 88.9% in group B (p = 0.000). At the end of the study, after a median follow-up of 416 days, the estimated median Overall Survival (OS) was 734 days for well or moderately nourished patients (PG-SGA A/B) in comparison to 424 for malnourished patients (p = 0.03). Inadequate TE-OPF intake was associated with an increase in acute gastrointestinal Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) cumulative incidence (38% vs. 0% p = 0.006). A higher incidence of pneumonia was reported in group B (p = 0.006). IGF-1 levels at 14 and 28 days after transplant were significantly higher in group A and were associated with a lower incidence of acute GVHD (aGVHD). Higher subsets of B, T, and NK cells were found in group A, and a higher number of CD16+ NK cells was associated with a lower incidence of acute GVHD (p = 0.005) and increased survival at the end of the study (p = 0.023). Artificial neural network analysis suggested that inadequate TE-OPF intake, pneumonia, and sepsis significantly affected malnutrition 28 days after alloHSCT and survival 365 days after alloHSCT (normalized importance 100%, 82%, and 68%, respectively). In this exploratory and preliminary study, the use of TE-OPF appeared to reduce the incidence of malnutrition after alloHSCT, but larger and controlled studies are required. Full article
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Review

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12 pages, 866 KiB  
Review
The Mediterranean Lifestyle to Contrast Low-Grade Inflammation Behavior in Cancer
by Rosa Divella, Graziella Marino, Stefania Infusino, Laura Lanotte, Gaia Gadaleta-Caldarola and Gennaro Gadaleta-Caldarola
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1667; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071667 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2792
Abstract
A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also [...] Read more.
A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also lets the body get substances that protect against and/or prevent certain diseases. It is now clear that obesity is linked to long-term diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The main reasons for people being overweight or obese are having bad eating habits and not moving around enough. Maintaining weight in the normal range may be one of the best things to avoid cancer. It has been scientifically proven that those who perform regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Moving regularly not only helps to maintain a normal body weight, avoiding the effects that favor tumor growth in overweight subjects, but also makes the immune system more resistant by counteracting the growth of tumor cells. Physical activity also helps prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, it is highlighted that the association between the Mediterranean diet and physical activity triggers biological mechanisms capable of counteracting the low-grade chronic inflammation found in patients with cancer. This assumes that healthy lifestyles associated with cancer therapies can improve the expectations and quality of life of cancer patients. Full article
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Other

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10 pages, 2373 KiB  
Systematic Review
Oral Nutritional Supplements Reduce Body Weight Loss after Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Mijoo Choi, Jong-Yeup Kim, Hyun-Hi Kang, Eunju Park and Sung Ryul Shim
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3924; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183924 - 10 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1296
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) on body weight loss (BWL) after gastrectomy. A systematic search was conducted across the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases through May 2023. The study inclusion criteria were as [...] Read more.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) on body weight loss (BWL) after gastrectomy. A systematic search was conducted across the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases through May 2023. The study inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies on interventions including ONSs after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer; (2) studies in which comparisons were specified according to standard, regular, or usual postoperative diets; and (3) randomized controlled trial studies including outcomes measured as mean differences in BWL. The data were pooled using the random-effects model and expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Based on data from seven studies including 1743 patients (891 for ONSs and 852 for the control), the overall pooled mean difference was 0.848 (95% CI: 0.466 to 1.230) and the Higgins I2 value was 86.0%. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first study to show that ONSs are significantly associated with reducing BWL, compared with standard diets, after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, we found that ONSs were more effective in patients with lower nutritional kilocalorie intake after gastrectomy. Full article
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