Nutrients

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14 pages, 547 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Fermented Soymilk-Honey from Different Probiotics on Osteocalcin Level in Menopausal Women

by Sri Desfita, Wulan Sari, Yusmarini Yusmarini, Usman Pato, Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda and Grażyna Budryn

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3581; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103581 - 13 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3530

Abstract

Osteoporosis has been discovered to be a risk factor for menopausal women. Although synbiotics (probiotics and prebiotics) are found in fermented soymilk-honey made using local probiotics, their effect on osteocalcin levels is still unknown. Therefore, this study’s objective was to determine the influence [...] Read more.

Osteoporosis has been discovered to be a risk factor for menopausal women. Although synbiotics (probiotics and prebiotics) are found in fermented soymilk-honey made using local probiotics, their effect on osteocalcin levels is still unknown. Therefore, this study’s objective was to determine the influence of fermented soymilk-honey from different probiotics on osteocalcin levels. A 90-day pre–post quasi-experimental study with a control design was conducted on 54 postmenopausal women divided into three intervention groups namely, the soymilk (SM) group, the soymilk-honey fermented with Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei R-68 (SMH Lc) group, and the soymilk-honey fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum 1 R 1.3.2 (SMH Lp) group. Participants consumed 100 mL of soymilk (SM) or fermented soymilk with honey (SMH Lc or SMH Lp) for 90 days. At the beginning and end of the study, the blood serum osteocalcin level was measured and subjects’ health status was assessed, such as cholesterol total, random blood glucose, and uric acid levels. Our results presented that in the SMH Lp group, 90 days supplementation of soy-honey milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum 1 R 1.3.2 significantly reduced the level of blood serum osteocalcin. Based on these results it is justified to perform more detailed studies on the effect of fermented soy-honey milk on bone health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Bone Health)

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10 pages, 1271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Calcium-Enriched Pumpkin Affects Serum Leptin Levels and Fat Content in a Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

by Natalia Wawrzyniak, Joanna Suliburska, Bartosz Kulczyński, Paweł Kołodziejski, Paweł Kurzawa and Anna Gramza-Michałowska

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2334; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072334 - 8 Jul 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2815

Abstract

Because the world’s population is deficient in dietary calcium, it is important to search for new sources of this essential mineral for the bones and the entire body. One of the innovative foods that could act as such a source is pumpkin enriched [...] Read more.

Because the world’s population is deficient in dietary calcium, it is important to search for new sources of this essential mineral for the bones and the entire body. One of the innovative foods that could act as such a source is pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate by means of osmotic dehydration. Providing the body with easily absorbable calcium may have beneficial effects on the reconstruction of bone tissue. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with body weight and fat mass gain, and the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of consuming enriched pumpkin on the levels of adipokines and cytokines produced by the adipose tissue. This study was conducted on 12-month-old female Wistar rats that received nutritional intervention for 12 weeks. After termination of the rats, the levels of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin 31 and interleukin 33 in serum and adipose tissue were determined, and the femurs were examined histopathologically. It was demonstrated that calcium-enriched pumpkin reduced bone marrow femoral adipocytes and also markedly decreased serum leptin levels in groups of rats after ovariectomy, which was associated with a decrease of fat content. Additionally, it seems that calcium-enriched pumpkin may reduce body weight gain often observed after menopause. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Bone Health)

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13 pages, 434 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early Nutrition during Hospitalization in Relation to Bone Health in Preterm Infants at Term Age and Six Months Corrected Age

by Alexandra K. Calor, Dana F. J. Yumani and Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch

Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1192; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041192 - 5 Apr 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2055

Abstract

Aim: to evaluate the potential association of macronutrient intake in the first postnatal weeks on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in extremely and very preterm infants. Methods: fifty-eight extremely and very preterm infants were included. Daily macronutrient intake was [...] Read more.

Aim: to evaluate the potential association of macronutrient intake in the first postnatal weeks on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in extremely and very preterm infants. Methods: fifty-eight extremely and very preterm infants were included. Daily macronutrient intake was calculated in g kg⁻¹day⁻¹from birth up to 36 weeks postmenstrual age. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole body scan was used to assess BMC and BMD in preterm infants at term corrected age (TCA) and six months corrected age (CA). Results: fat intake (g kg⁻¹day⁻¹) in the first four postnatal weeks was positively associated with BMC and BMD at TCA. At six months CA, protein and fat intake (g kg⁻¹day⁻¹) in the first weeks of life were both individual predictors for BMD. Fat intake (g kg⁻¹day⁻¹) in the first four postnatal weeks was significantly associated with BMC at six months CA. Conclusion: the association of macronutrient intake in the first postnatal weeks on BMC or BMD, at TCA and six months CA, suggest that early nutritional intervention immediately after birth and during early infancy is important for bone health in the first months of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Bone Health)

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10 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Time-Restricted Eating for 12 Weeks Does Not Adversely Alter Bone Turnover in Overweight Adults

by Andrea J. Lobene, Satchidananda Panda, Douglas G. Mashek, Emily N. C. Manoogian, Kathleen M. Hill Gallant and Lisa S. Chow

Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1155; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041155 - 31 Mar 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3664

Abstract

Weight loss is a major focus of research and public health efforts. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is shown to be effective for weight loss, but the impact on bone is unclear. Short-term TRE studies show no effect on bone mineral density (BMD), but no [...] Read more.

Weight loss is a major focus of research and public health efforts. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is shown to be effective for weight loss, but the impact on bone is unclear. Short-term TRE studies show no effect on bone mineral density (BMD), but no study has measured bone turnover markers. This secondary analysis examined the effect of 12 weeks of TRE vs. unrestricted eating on bone turnover and BMD. Overweight and obese adults aged 18–65 y (n = 20) were randomized to TRE (ad libitum 8-h eating window) or non-TRE. Serum N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were taken pre- and post-intervention. In both groups, P1NP decreased significantly (p = 0.04) but trended to a greater decrease in the non-TRE group (p = 0.07). The treatment time interaction for bone mineral content (BMC) was significant (p = 0.02), such that BMC increased in the TRE group and decreased in the non-TRE group. Change in P1NP was inversely correlated with change in weight (p = 0.04) overall, but not within each group. These findings suggest that TRE does not adversely affect bone over a moderate timeframe. Further research should examine the long-term effects of TRE on bone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Bone Health)

12 pages, 969 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The “Fat but Fit” Paradigm and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Cluster Analysis

by Ana Torres-Costoso, Miriam Garrido-Miguel, Luis Gracia-Marco, Purificación López-Muñoz, Sara Reina-Gutiérrez, Sergio Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo and Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno

Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020518 - 5 Feb 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4546

Abstract

The fat but fit paradox has suggested that obese individuals with good fitness levels have lower cardiometabolic risk compared to individuals with normal weight but lower fitness levels. This paradigm has not been explored in the context of bone health. The aim of [...] Read more.

The fat but fit paradox has suggested that obese individuals with good fitness levels have lower cardiometabolic risk compared to individuals with normal weight but lower fitness levels. This paradigm has not been explored in the context of bone health. The aim of this study was to test whether categories of fat but fit paradigm assessed by body fat percentage and handgrip strength holds up in young adults and to analyze the relationship between fat but fit categories and bone outcomes. Cluster cross-sectional analyses of data from 499 young adults aged 18 to 30 from Toledo and Cuenca, Spain were conducted. Body fat percentage, handgrip strength, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and dietary nutrients such as, proteins, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin D were assessed. Cluster analysis of body fat percentage and handgrip z scores resulted in a classification of four clusters that could be interpreted according to Fat Unfit (FU), Unfat Unfit (UU), Fat Fit (FF) and Unfat Fit (UF) categories. ANCOVA models showed that young adults in clusters with higher handgrip strength levels (FF, UF) and with higher key bone nutrients levels (UF) had significantly higher total BMC values than their peers in the UU and FU cluster categories, after controlling for sex, age and height. This study provides two novel conclusions in relation to the fat but fit paradigm: first, it confirms the construct of the four clusters of body fat percentage and handgrip strength, and second, it reinforces the predictive validity of the fat but fit paradigm categories, indicating the positive effect, although it may not just be a causal relationship, of muscular strength and key bone nutrients on counteracting the negative effect of obesity on bone health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Bone Health)

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15 pages, 678 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Randomised Controlled Trial of Nutritional Supplement on Bone Turnover Markers in Indian Premenopausal Women

by Pramod B. Umarji, Pankaj Verma, Vivek Garg, Marian Schini and Richard Eastell

Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020364 - 26 Jan 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3116

Abstract

Young Indian women may be at risk of poor bone health due to malnutrition. The aim of this study was to examine the effects on bone metabolism of a nutritional supplement in women aged 25 to 44. The nutritional supplement was a protein-rich [...] Read more.

Young Indian women may be at risk of poor bone health due to malnutrition. The aim of this study was to examine the effects on bone metabolism of a nutritional supplement in women aged 25 to 44. The nutritional supplement was a protein-rich beverage powder fortified with multi-micronutrients including calcium (600 mg), vitamin D (400 IU), and vitamin K (55 mcg) per daily serving, while a placebo supplement was low-protein non-fortified isocaloric beverage powder. This 6-month randomised, controlled trial showed favorable changes in bone turnover markers (decreased) and calcium homeostasis; such changes in older adults have been associated with slowing of bone loss and reduced fracture risk. For example, serum CTX decreased by about 30% and PINP by about 20% as a result of the increase in calcium intake. There were also changes in the ratio of carboxylated to undercarboxylated osteocalcin and such changes have been linked to a slowing of bone loss in older subjects. For example, the ratio increased by about 60% after 3 months as a result in the improvement in vitamin K status. Finally, there were improvements in the status of B vitamins, and such changes have been associated with reductions in homocysteine, but it is uncertain whether this would affect fracture risk. The product was generally well tolerated. This study shows the nutritional supplement holds promise for improved bone health among young Indian women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Bone Health)

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12 pages, 371 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Diversity and the Risk of Fracture in Adults: A Prospective Study

by Jian Zhang, Dong Liang and Ai Zhao

Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3655; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123655 - 27 Nov 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2299

Abstract

Nutrition plays an important and modifiable role in bone health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary diversity on the risk of any type of fracture in adults. Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey collected between waves 1997 and [...] Read more.

Nutrition plays an important and modifiable role in bone health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary diversity on the risk of any type of fracture in adults. Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey collected between waves 1997 and 2015 were used. A total of 10,192 adults aged 40 years and older were included in the analysis. Both dietary diversity score (DDS) based on Chinese dietary guidelines (DDS-CDG) and minimum dietary diversity for women (DDS-MDD-W) were computed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were conducted to determine the association. Stratified analyses were conducted in women by the age of fracture using the case-control study approach. In men, higher scores in both the DDS-CDG (hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.56–0.88) and DDS-MDD-W (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.82) were associated with decreased risk of fracture, however, the associations were not significant in women (DDS-CDG: HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.79–1.12; DDS-MDD-W: HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79–1.09). In the stratified analyses, higher DDS-CDG (odds ratio (OR) 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.95) and higher DDS-MDD-W (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.95) were associated with lower risks of fracture in women aged 40 to 60 years; in women aged over 60 years, no association was observed (DDS-CDG: OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.83–1.46; DDS-MDD-W: OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.79–1.27). In summary, higher dietary diversity was associated with decreased risk of fracture in men and middle-aged women, but not in women aged over 60 years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Bone Health)

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Review

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20 pages, 414 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Influence of Dietary Interventions on Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD)

by Jacek Rysz, Beata Franczyk, Robert Rokicki and Anna Gluba-Brzózka

Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 2065; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062065 - 16 Jun 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4221

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is a health problem whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. The kidney plays an important role in the metabolism of minerals and bone health and therefore, even at the early stages of CKD, disturbances in bone metabolism are observed. In the [...] Read more.

Chronic kidney disease is a health problem whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. The kidney plays an important role in the metabolism of minerals and bone health and therefore, even at the early stages of CKD, disturbances in bone metabolism are observed. In the course of CKD, various bone turnover or mineralization disturbances can develop including adynamic hyperparathyroid, mixed renal bone disease, osteomalacia. The increased risk of fragility fractures is present at any age in these patients. Nutritional treatment of patients with advanced stages of CKD is aiming at prevention or correction of signs, symptoms of renal failure, avoidance of protein-energy wasting (PEW), delaying or prevention of the occurrence of mineral/bone disturbances, and delaying the start of dialysis. The results of studies suggest that progressive protein restriction is beneficial with the progression of renal insufficiency; however, other aspects of dietary management of CKD patients, including changes in sodium, phosphorus, and energy intake, as well as the source of protein and lipids (animal or plant origin) should also be considered carefully. Energy intake must cover patients’ energy requirement, in order to enable correct metabolic adaptation in the course of protein-restricted regimens and prevent negative nitrogen balance and protein-energy wasting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Bone Health)

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