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Nutrients
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Dietary Amino Acids in Health and at All Stages of...
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Dietary Amino Acids in Health and at All Stages of Life

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Proteins and Amino Acids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 16311

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Christophe Moinard

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM U 1055, Grenoble, France
Interests: amino acids; muscle; aging; nitrogen homeostasis; critical care; personalized nutrition; protein-energy malnutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While amino acids are known as the building blocks of proteins, amino acids are also known for their regulatory properties on various metabolisms. Moreover, their nutritional interest can be extended to their physiological and/or ergogenic properties (muscle metabolism, immune system, brain functions, sports performance, etc.). As such, they are widely used in food supplements. The purpose of this special issue is to review their metabolism at all ages of life and to establish the state of the art with regard to their nutritional value in the healthy subject.

Prof. Dr. Christophe Moinard
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • amino acids 
  • healthy 
  • aging 
  • growth 
  • cardiovascular 
  • ergonomy 
  • children 
  • sport

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1024 KiB  
Article
Lysine or Threonine Deficiency Decreases Body Weight Gain in Growing Rats despite an Increase in Food Intake without Increasing Energy Expenditure in Response to FGF21
by Joanna Moro, Gaëtan Roisné-Hamelin, Catherine Chaumontet, Patrick C. Even, Anne Blais, Celine Cansell, Julien Piedcoq, Claire Gaudichon, Daniel Tomé and Dalila Azzout-Marniche
Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010197 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3843
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a strictly essential amino acid (lysine or threonine; EAA) deficiency on energy metabolism in growing rats. Rats were fed for three weeks severely (15% and 25% of recommendation), moderately (40% and 60%), [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a strictly essential amino acid (lysine or threonine; EAA) deficiency on energy metabolism in growing rats. Rats were fed for three weeks severely (15% and 25% of recommendation), moderately (40% and 60%), and adequate (75% and 100%) lysine or threonine-deficient diets. Food intake and body weight were measured daily and indirect calorimetry was performed the week three. At the end of the experimentation, body composition, gene expression, and biochemical analysis were performed. Lysine and threonine deficiency induced a lower body weight gain and an increase in relative food intake. Lysine or threonine deficiency induced liver FGF21 synthesis and plasma release. However, no changes in energy expenditure were observed for lysine deficiency, unlike threonine deficiency, which leads to a decrease in total and resting energy expenditure. Interestingly, threonine severe deficiency, but not lysine deficiency, increase orexigenic and decreases anorexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides expression, which could explain the higher food intake. Our results show that the deficiency in one EAA, induces a decrease in body weight gain, despite an increased relative food intake, without any increase in energy expenditure despite an induction of FGF21. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Amino Acids in Health and at All Stages of Life)
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14 pages, 2175 KiB  
Article
Glycine Supplementation in Obesity Worsens Glucose Intolerance through Enhanced Liver Gluconeogenesis
by Anaïs Alves, Frédéric Lamarche, Rémy Lefebvre, Eva Drevet Mulard, Arthur Bassot, Stéphanie Chanon, Emmanuelle Loizon, Claudie Pinteur, Aline Maria Nunes de Lira Gomes Bloise, Murielle Godet, Gilles J. P. Rautureau, Baptiste Panthu and Béatrice Morio
Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010096 - 24 Dec 2022
Viewed by 4081
Abstract
Interactions between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, known as MAMs, are altered in the liver in obesity, which contributes to disruption of the insulin signaling pathway. In addition, the plasma level of glycine is decreased in obesity, and the decrease is strongly correlated [...] Read more.
Interactions between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, known as MAMs, are altered in the liver in obesity, which contributes to disruption of the insulin signaling pathway. In addition, the plasma level of glycine is decreased in obesity, and the decrease is strongly correlated with the severity of insulin resistance. Certain nutrients have been shown to regulate MAMs; therefore, we tested whether glycine supplementation could reduce insulin resistance in the liver by promoting MAM integrity. Glycine (5 mM) supported MAM integrity and insulin response in primary rat hepatocytes cultured under control and lipotoxic (palmitate 500 µM) conditions for 18 h. In contrast, in C57 BL/6 JOlaHsd mice (male, 6 weeks old) fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS) for 16 weeks, glycine supplementation (300 mg/kg) in drinking water during the last 6 weeks (HFHS-Gly) did not reverse the deleterious impact of HFHS-feeding on liver MAM integrity. In addition, glycine supplementation worsened fasting glycemia and glycemic response to intraperitoneal pyruvate injection compared to HFHS. The adverse impact of glycine supplementation on hepatic gluconeogenesis was further supported by the higher oxaloacetate/acetyl-CoA ratio in the liver in HFHS-Gly compared to HFHS. Although glycine improves MAM integrity and insulin signaling in the hepatocyte in vitro, no beneficial effect was found on the overall metabolic profile of HFHS-Gly-fed mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Amino Acids in Health and at All Stages of Life)
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11 pages, 1489 KiB  
Article
Protein Quality Changes of Vegan Day Menus with Different Plant Protein Source Compositions
by Zaray Rojas Conzuelo, Natalie S. Bez, Steffen Theobald and Katrin A. Kopf-Bolanz
Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 1088; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051088 - 04 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5617
Abstract
To underline the importance of protein quality in plant-based diets, we estimated the protein quality of different exclusively plant-protein-based day menus that are based on the “planetary health diet” developed by the EAT-Lancet Commission. PDCAAS and DIAAS were used to estimate the protein [...] Read more.
To underline the importance of protein quality in plant-based diets, we estimated the protein quality of different exclusively plant-protein-based day menus that are based on the “planetary health diet” developed by the EAT-Lancet Commission. PDCAAS and DIAAS were used to estimate the protein quality (PQ) and fulfilling of the amino acid recommendation for adults in vegan daily menus based on the planetary health diet: 2 days with only low-quality (LQ) protein sources and 2 days with low + high-quality (HQ) protein sources. The protein quality of Day 1LQ (DIAAS 76, PDCAAS 88) was increased by the addition of high-quality protein sources (HQPS): Day 1HQ (DIAAS 94, PDCAAS 98). Day 2LQ had a low PQ (DIAAS 71, PDCAAS 74), but when HQPS were used (Day 2HQ), the PQ increased (DIAAS 83, PDCAAS 88). Scenarios (day 1HQ, day 1LQ, and day 2 HQ) were classified as of good PQ. However, day 1LQ had a low protein quality. Consuming HQPS in a vegan diet can help to fulfil the recommendation of essential amino acids. This work served to understand and apply methods to estimate protein quality that can be applied to optimize protein mixtures to fulfil amino acid requirements in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Amino Acids in Health and at All Stages of Life)
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Review

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13 pages, 493 KiB  
Review
Analytical Chemistry of Impurities in Amino Acids Used as Nutrients: Recommendations for Regulatory Risk Management
by Sachise Karakawa, Miro Smriga, Naoko Arashida, Akira Nakayama and Hiroshi Miyano
Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2838; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142838 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2062
Abstract
Proteinogenic amino acids are natural nutrients ingested daily from standard foods. Commercially manufactured amino acids are added to a wide range of nutritional products, including dietary supplements and regular foods. Currently, the regulatory risk management of amino acids is conducted by means of [...] Read more.
Proteinogenic amino acids are natural nutrients ingested daily from standard foods. Commercially manufactured amino acids are added to a wide range of nutritional products, including dietary supplements and regular foods. Currently, the regulatory risk management of amino acids is conducted by means of setting daily maximum limits of intake. However, there have been no reported adverse effects of amino acid overdosing, while impurities in low-quality amino acids have been identified as causative agents in several health hazard events. This paper reviews the analytical chemistry of impurities in amino acids and highlights major variations in the purity of commercial products. Furthermore, it examines the international standards and global regulatory risk assessment of amino acids utilized in dietary supplements and foods, recommending (1) further research on analytical methods that can comprehensively separate impurities in amino acids, and (2) re-focusing on the regulatory risk management of amino acids to the analytical chemistry of impurities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Amino Acids in Health and at All Stages of Life)
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