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Nutrients
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Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health — 2nd Edition
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Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health — 2nd Edition

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 September 2024 | Viewed by 7543

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Christopher Papandreou

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), 43005 Reus, Spain
Interests: metabolomics; gut microbiota; diet; nutrition; aging; cardiometabolic diseases; cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in high-throughput metabolomics profiling have allowed epidemiology research to advance our understanding in many aspects of human health. Nutritional epidemiology has not been an exception, and the integration of metabolomics into traditional nutritional research has already provided new functional insight into the role of nutrition in health. Furthermore, metabolomics holds considerable promise for discovering new biomarkers of nutrient intake that may more precisely define the nutritional exposure, complementing self-report dietary assessment methods and providing better estimates of disease risk in epidemiological studies.

We are pleased to announce the launch of our second Special Issue, "Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health—2nd Edition." Building on the success of our previous issue, this collection aims to showcase the latest research on the role of nutrition and metabolites in promoting human health. We encourage submissions of original research, narrative or systematic reviews, and meta-analyses that employ cutting-edge techniques such as metabolomics, and also other omics techniques, such as genomics and metagenomics. Specifically, we welcome contributions that investigate the relationship between nutrition and metabolomics, and other omics with health outcomes, through observational and interventional studies in human or animal models. 

Dr. Christopher Papandreou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolomics
  • microbial metabolites
  • gut microbiota
  • diet
  • food
  • nutrition
  • aging
  • cardiometabolic outcomes
  • cancer

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 882 KiB  
Article
Bile Acids and Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
by Javier Mateu-Fabregat, Hamza Mostafa, Raul Sanchez-Gimenez, Óscar M. Peiró, Gil Bonet, Anna Carrasquer, Georgios A. Fragkiadakis, Alfredo Bardaji, Mònica Bulló and Christopher Papandreou
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071062 - 05 Apr 2024
Viewed by 838
Abstract
The relationship between bile acids (BAs) and adverse cardiovascular events following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been little investigated. We aimed to examine the associations of BAs with the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in ACS. We conducted a prospective study [...] Read more.
The relationship between bile acids (BAs) and adverse cardiovascular events following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been little investigated. We aimed to examine the associations of BAs with the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in ACS. We conducted a prospective study on 309 ACS patients who were followed for 10 years. Plasma BAs were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Cox regression analyses with elastic net penalties were performed to associate BAs with MACE and all-cause mortality. Weighted scores were computed using the 100 iterated coefficients corresponding to each selected BA, and the associations of these scores with these adverse outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression models. A panel of 10 BAs was significantly associated with the increased risk of MACE. The hazard ratio of MACE per SD increase in the estimated BA score was 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–1.63). Furthermore, four BAs were selected from the elastic net model for all-cause mortality, although their weighted score was not independently associated with mortality. Our findings indicate that primary and secondary BAs may play a significant role in the development of MACE. This insight holds potential for developing strategies to manage ACS and prevent adverse outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health — 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 1282 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Sn-2 Palmitate on Blood Glucose, Lipids and Body Composition in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Controlled Trial
by Wuxian Zhong, Ai Zhao, Xuetao Wei, Shuai Mao, Pin Li, Qianqian Shen, Hong Zhang, Hua Jiang, Peiyu Wang and Yumei Zhang
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070973 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 693
Abstract
Sn-2 palmitate is widely used in infant formula. However, little is known about its effects on metabolism and body composition in middle-aged and elderly adults. In a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, we enrolled Chinese adults aged 45–75 years with self-reported constipation. Individuals were [...] Read more.
Sn-2 palmitate is widely used in infant formula. However, little is known about its effects on metabolism and body composition in middle-aged and elderly adults. In a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, we enrolled Chinese adults aged 45–75 years with self-reported constipation. Individuals were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO)-enriched oil (66% palmitic acid in the sn-2 position) or a control vegetable oil (24% palmitic acid in the sn-2 position) daily for 24 weeks. Skim milk powder was used as the carrier for both fats. Interviews and body composition were performed at baseline, week 4, week 12 and week 24. A fasting blood draw was taken except at week 4. This study was a secondary analysis and considered exploratory. A total of 111 adults (83 women and 28 men, mean age 64.2 ± 7.0 years) were enrolled, of whom 53 were assigned to the OPO group and 57 to the control group. During the intervention, blood glucose, triglyceride, the triglyceride-glucose index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and remnant cholesterol remained stable, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in both groups (p = 0.003). No differences in change were observed between the groups (all p > 0.05). From baseline to week 24, the level of visceral fat increased slightly (p = 0.017), while body weight, total body water, protein, soft lean mass, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) decreased in two groups (p < 0.01). At weeks 4, 12 and 24, the SMI decreased less in the OPO group than in the control group, with a trend towards significance (p = 0.090). A 24-week daily intake of sn-2-palmitate-enriched oil had no adverse impact on fasting blood glucose, lipids and body composition compared with the control vegetable oil in Chinese adults (funded by Chinese Nutrition Society National Nutrition Science Research Grant, National Key Research and Development Program of China and Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd.; ChiCTR1900026480). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health — 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 2253 KiB  
Article
Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Insulin-Related miRNAs in Plasma and Brain Tissue in APPSwe/PS1dE9 and Wild-Type C57BL/6J Mice
by Melina Rojas-Criollo, Nil Novau-Ferré, Laia Gutierrez-Tordera, Miren Ettcheto, Jaume Folch, Christopher Papandreou, Laura Panisello, Amanda Cano, Hamza Mostafa, Javier Mateu-Fabregat, Marina Carrasco, Antoni Camins and Mònica Bulló
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070955 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 974
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR)-related miRNAs have been associated with the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The dietary modulation of these miRNAs could become a potential strategy to manage AD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high-fat [...] Read more.
Insulin resistance (IR)-related miRNAs have been associated with the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The dietary modulation of these miRNAs could become a potential strategy to manage AD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD), which aggravates AD-related pathogenic processes, on serum, cortex and hippocampus IR-related miRNA expression. C57BL/6J WT and APPSwe/PS1dE9 mice were fed either an HFD or a conventional diet till 6 months of age. The mice fed with the HFD showed a significant increase in body weight and worsening glucose and insulin metabolism. miR-19a-3p was found to be up-regulated in the cortex, hippocampus and serum of APP/PS1 mice and in the serum and hippocampus of WT mice fed with the HFD. miR-34a-5p and miR-146a-5p were up-regulated in the serum of both groups of mice after consuming the HFD. Serum miR-29c-3p was overexpressed after consuming the HFD, along with hippocampal miR-338-3p and miR-125b-5p, only in WT mice. The HFD modulated the expression of peripheral and brain miRNAs related to glucose and insulin metabolism, suggesting the potential role of these miRNAs not only as therapeutic targets of AD but also as peripheral biomarkers for monitoring AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health — 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 1079 KiB  
Article
Proteomic and Metabolomic Signatures of Diet Quality in Young Adults
by Elizabeth Costello, Jesse A. Goodrich, William B. Patterson, Douglas I. Walker, Jiawen (Carmen) Chen, Brittney O. Baumert, Sarah Rock, Frank D. Gilliland, Michael I. Goran, Zhanghua Chen, Tanya L. Alderete, David V. Conti and Lida Chatzi
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030429 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1083
Abstract
The assessment of “omics” signatures may contribute to personalized medicine and precision nutrition. However, the existing literature is still limited in the homogeneity of participants’ characteristics and in limited assessments of integrated omics layers. Our objective was to use post-prandial metabolomics and fasting [...] Read more.
The assessment of “omics” signatures may contribute to personalized medicine and precision nutrition. However, the existing literature is still limited in the homogeneity of participants’ characteristics and in limited assessments of integrated omics layers. Our objective was to use post-prandial metabolomics and fasting proteomics to identify biological pathways and functions associated with diet quality in a population of primarily Hispanic young adults. We conducted protein and metabolite-wide association studies and functional pathway analyses to assess the relationships between a priori diet indices, Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, and proteins (n = 346) and untargeted metabolites (n = 23,173), using data from the MetaAIR study (n = 154, 61% Hispanic). Analyses were performed for each diet quality index separately, adjusting for demographics and BMI. Five proteins (ACY1, ADH4, AGXT, GSTA1, F7) and six metabolites (undecylenic acid, betaine, hyodeoxycholic acid, stearidonic acid, iprovalicarb, pyracarbolid) were associated with both diets (p < 0.05), though none were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Overlapping proteins are involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism and in hemostasis, while overlapping metabolites include amino acid derivatives, bile acids, fatty acids, and pesticides. Enriched biological pathways were involved in macronutrient metabolism, immune function, and oxidative stress. These findings in young Hispanic adults contribute to efforts to develop precision nutrition and medicine for diverse populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health — 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 485 KiB  
Article
Lipoprotein Particle Profiles Associated with Telomere Length and Telomerase Complex Components
by Nil Novau-Ferré, Melina Rojas, Laia Gutierrez-Tordera, Pierre Arcelin, Jaume Folch, Christopher Papandreou and Mònica Bulló
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2624; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112624 - 03 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is a well-known marker of age-related diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation increase the rate of telomere shortening, triggering cellular senescence. Although lipoproteins could have anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory functional properties, the relationship between lipoprotein particles with TL and telomerase activity-related genes [...] Read more.
Telomere length (TL) is a well-known marker of age-related diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation increase the rate of telomere shortening, triggering cellular senescence. Although lipoproteins could have anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory functional properties, the relationship between lipoprotein particles with TL and telomerase activity-related genes has not been investigated much. In this study, we assessed the associations of lipoprotein subfractions with telomere length, TERT, and WRAP53 expression in a total of 54 pre-diabetic subjects from the EPIRDEM study. We regressed TL, TERT, and WRAP53 on 12 lipoprotein subclasses, employing a Gaussian linear regression method with Lasso penalty to determine a lipoprotein profile associated with telomere-related parameters. The covariates included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), dyslipidemia, statin consumption, and physical activity leisure time. We identified a lipoprotein profile composed of four lipoprotein subfractions associated with TL (Pearson r = 0.347, p-value = 0.010), two lipoprotein subfractions associated with TERT expression (Pearson r = 0.316, p-value = 0.020), and five lipoprotein subfractions associated with WRAP53 expression (Pearson r = 0.379, p-value =0.005). After adjusting for known confounding factors, most lipoprotein profiles maintained the association with TL, TERT, and WRAP53. Overall, medium and small-sized HDL particles were associated with shorter telomeres and lower expression of TERT and WRAP53. Large HDL particles were associated with longer telomere and lower expression of WRAP53, but not with TERT. Our results suggest that the lipoprotein profiles are associated with telomere length, TERT, and WRAP53 expression and should be considered when assessing the risk of chronic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health — 2nd Edition)
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Review

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17 pages, 341 KiB  
Review
Dietary and Metabolic Approaches for Treating Autism Spectrum Disorders, Affective Disorders and Cognitive Impairment Comorbid with Epilepsy: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence
by Shruthi H. Iyer, Mary Y. Yeh, Lauren Netzel, Molly G. Lindsey, McKenzie Wallace, Kristina A. Simeone and Timothy A. Simeone
Nutrients 2024, 16(4), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040553 - 17 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1555
Abstract
Epilepsy often occurs with other neurological disorders, such as autism, affective disorders, and cognitive impairment. Research indicates that many neurological disorders share a common pathophysiology of dysfunctional energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. The past decade has witnessed a growing interest [...] Read more.
Epilepsy often occurs with other neurological disorders, such as autism, affective disorders, and cognitive impairment. Research indicates that many neurological disorders share a common pathophysiology of dysfunctional energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in the use of metabolic therapies for these disorders with or without the context of epilepsy. Over one hundred years ago, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) was formulated as a treatment for epilepsy. For those who cannot tolerate the KD, other diets have been developed to provide similar seizure control, presumably through similar mechanisms. These include, but are not limited to, the medium-chain triglyceride diet, low glycemic index diet, and calorie restriction. In addition, dietary supplementation with ketone bodies, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or triheptanoin may also be beneficial. The proposed mechanisms through which these diets and supplements work to reduce neuronal hyperexcitability involve normalization of aberrant energy metabolism, dampening of inflammation, promotion of endogenous antioxidants, and reduction of gut dysbiosis. This raises the possibility that these dietary and metabolic therapies may not only exert anti-seizure effects, but also reduce comorbid disorders in people with epilepsy. Here, we explore this possibility and review the clinical and preclinical evidence where available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health — 2nd Edition)
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