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Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Early Life and Childhood

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 4820

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Dr. David Sánchez-Infantes

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Guest Editor

Department of Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain
Interests: obesity; type 2 diabetes; adipose tissue; inflammation; lipotoxicity; metabolism

Dr. Patricia Corrales

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Co-Guest Editor

Department of Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain
Interests: obesity; ageing; lipotoxicity; metabolism; adipose tissue; pregnancy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, 2.1 billion people worldwide are affected by obesity or overweight. In the context of this pandemic, the global prevalence of obesity/overweight in children has increased tenfold in the past 40 years. The decreasing age for the onset of obesity and obesity-related metabolic abnormalities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and premature death has alarming negative public health implications, thus compelling the need for scientific research on childhood obesity. Most of the available literature focuses on the metabolic alterations of adult obesity, but pathogenic mechanisms of childhood obesity and the prevention of childhood obesity by nutrition and diet warrant further investigation. This issue, titled ‘Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Early Life and Childhood’, tries to give new insight into the field from the perspective of nutrition and diet for the prevention of childhood obesity.

Dr. David Sánchez-Infantes
Dr. Patricia Corrales
Guest Editors

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Keywords

overweight
obesity
early life
metabolism
pregnancy
nutrition

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Neck Circumference, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, Wrist Circumference, and High Blood Pressure among Lithuanian Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Ieva Stankute, Virginija Dulskiene and Renata Kuciene

Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050677 - 28 Feb 2024

Viewed by 687

Abstract

(1) Background: High blood pressure (HBP) and obesity are significant and growing public health issues worldwide. Our study aimed to evaluate the associations of neck circumference (NC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and wrist circumference (WrC) with HBP among Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7–17 years. (2) Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on BP and anthropometric measurements were analysed in 3688 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between anthropometric indices and HBP. (3) Results: Overall, the prevalence rates of elevated BP and hypertension were 13.7% and 12.9%, respectively. After adjustment for age, BMI, and WC, statistically significant elevated aORs were observed for associations between greater NC, MUAC, WrC, and HBP in boys (aORs: 2.13, 2.46, and 2.48, respectively) and in girls (aORs: 2.01, 2.36, and 2.09, respectively). Moreover, per-unit increase in NC, MUAC, and WrC was also associated with greater odds of HBP in boys (aORs: 1.20, 1.21, and 1.37, respectively) and in girls (aORs: 1.10, 1.10, and 1.21, respectively). The analysed anthropometric indices presented higher area under the curve values for predicting HBP in boys than in girls. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that higher NC, MUAC, and WrC are associated with increased odds of HBP in Lithuanian children and adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Early Life and Childhood)

17 pages, 2862 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lipidome Profiling in Childhood Obesity Compared to Adults: A Pilot Study

by Andrea Soria-Gondek, Pablo Fernández-García, Lorena González, Marjorie Reyes-Farias, Marta Murillo, Aina Valls, Nativitat Real, Silvia Pellitero, Jordi Tarascó, Benjamin Jenkins, María Galán, Francesc Villarroya, Albert Koulman, Patricia Corrales, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Rubén Cereijo and David Sánchez-Infantes

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3341; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153341 - 27 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1263

Abstract

The objective is to assess the circulating lipidome of children with obesity before and after lifestyle intervention and to compare the data to the circulating lipidome of adults with obesity before and after bariatric surgery. Ten pediatric (PE) and thirty adult (AD) patients with obesity were prospectively recruited at a referral single center. The PE cohort received lifestyle recommendations. The AD cohort underwent bariatric surgery. Clinical parameters and lipidome were analyzed in serum before and after six months of metabolic intervention. The abundance of phosphatidylinositols in the PE cohort and phosphatidylcholines in the AD significantly increased, while O-phosphatidylserines in the PE cohort and diacyl/triacylglycerols in the AD decreased. Fifteen lipid species were coincident in both groups after lifestyle intervention and bariatric surgery. Five species of phosphatidylinositols, sphingomyelins, and cholesteryl esters were upregulated. Eight species of diacylglycerols, glycerophosphoglycerols, glycerophosphoethanolamines, and phosphatidylcholines were downregulated. Most matching species were regulated in the same direction except for two phosphatidylinositols: PI(O-36:2) and PI(O-34:0). A specific set of lipid species regulated after bariatric surgery in adult individuals was also modulated in children undergoing lifestyle intervention, suggesting they may constitute a core circulating lipid profile signature indicative of early development of obesity and improvement after clinical interventions regardless of individual age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Early Life and Childhood)

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14 pages, 1054 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gestational Weight Gain Relates to DNA Methylation in Umbilical Cord, Which, In Turn, Associates with Offspring Obesity-Related Parameters

by Berta Mas-Parés, Sílvia Xargay-Torrent, Ariadna Gómez-Vilarrubla, Gemma Carreras-Badosa, Anna Prats-Puig, Francis De Zegher, Lourdes Ibáñez, Judit Bassols and Abel López-Bermejo

Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3175; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143175 - 17 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1154

Abstract

Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has a negative impact on offspring’s health. Epigenetic modifications mediate these associations by causing changes in gene expression. We studied the association between GWG and DNA methylation in umbilical cord tissue; and determined whether the DNA methylation and the expression of corresponding annotated genes were associated with obesity-related parameters in offspring at 6 years of age. The methylated CpG sites (CpGs) associated with GWG were identified in umbilical cord tissue by genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 24). Twelve top CpGs were validated in a wider sample by pyrosequencing (n = 87), and the expression of their 5 annotated genes (SETD8, TMEM214, SLIT3, RPTOR, and HOXC8) was assessed by RT-PCR. Pyrosequencing results validated the association of SETD8, SLIT3, and RPTOR methylation with GWG and showed that higher levels of SETD8 and RPTOR methylation and lower levels of SLIT3 methylation relate to a higher risk of obesity in the offspring. The association of SETD8 and SLIT3 gene expression with offspring outcomes paralleled the association of methylation levels in opposite directions. Epigenetic changes in the umbilical cord tissue could explain, in part, the relationship between GWG and offspring obesity risk and be early biomarkers for the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Early Life and Childhood)

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Review

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19 pages, 1851 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of Excessive Fructose Intake on Adipose Tissue and the Development of Childhood Obesity

by Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins, Matheus Pedro Santos, Julie Abayomi, Natália Juliana Ramos Ferreira and Fabiana S. Evangelista

Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070939 - 25 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1246

Abstract

Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release. Unfortunately, the global consumption of fructose has increased dramatically in recent years, which is associated with the fact that fructose is not always evident to consumers, as it is commonly added as a sweetener in food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Therefore, here, we discuss the impact of excessive fructose intake on adipose tissue biology, its contribution to childhood obesity, and current strategies for reducing high fructose and/or free sugar intake. To achieve such reductions, we conclude that it is important that the population has access to reliable information about food ingredients via food labels. Consumers also need scientific education to understand potential health risks to themselves and their children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Early Life and Childhood)

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Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Early Life and Childhood

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