Foodborne Pathogens Control: Current State of the Art and Future Prospects

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 4430

Special Issue Editor

1. CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
2. UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
Interests: pathogens and opportunistic microorganisms; microbiome; antimicrobial resistance/tolerance; molecular epidemiology; typing methods; one health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Foodborne pathogens, transmitted through contaminated food or water, are a serious public health concern, which can cause a range of human illnesses, from mild gastroenteritis to severe illness and even death. These pathogens include well-known bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. However, in recent years, the emergence of new pathogens in food, due to several factors, has been observed, including changes in ecology, agriculture (e.g., the use of antimicrobials), food processing and distribution practices, and human behaviour, including the relevance of food trade globalization.

Consequently, a Farm to Fork strategy is crucial to control the spread of pathogens. However, their prevention and control are a complex challenge that requires ongoing research and development. While the currently used techniques/methods are effective, their improvement, and/or the development of other low-cost, rapid and high throughput technologies, is essential in order to reinforce food safety.

Therefore, this Special Issue aims to update our knowledge on foodborne pathogens, particularly their principal sources and contamination routes, their pathogenicity, virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility/tolerance. In addition, this Special Issue seeks to share the current strategies, including practices, and new technologies/methods developed to prevent, control and detect pathogens, contributing to the prevention of their growth and transmission, and quick infection diagnosis.

Dr. Joana Campos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • foodborne pathogens
  • emerging pathogens in foods
  • infection diseases
  • outbreaks
  • source and contamination routes
  • farm to fork strategy
  • hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)
  • food preservation techniques
  • detection technologies

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1470 KiB  
Article
Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae Control at a Pig Abattoir: Are We Missing Lairage Time Effect, Pig Skin, and Internal Carcass Surface Contamination?
by Rui Dias Costa, Vanessa Silva, Ana Leite, Margarida Saraiva, Teresa Teixeira Lopes, Patrícia Themudo, Joana Campos and Madalena Vieira-Pinto
Foods 2023, 12(15), 2910; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12152910 - 31 Jul 2023
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Abstract
To provide meat safety and consumer protection, appropriate hygiene control measures at an abattoir are required. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of visual fecal contamination level (VFCL) and lairage time (LT) on pig skin (PS) and external (ECS) and internal (ICS) [...] Read more.
To provide meat safety and consumer protection, appropriate hygiene control measures at an abattoir are required. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of visual fecal contamination level (VFCL) and lairage time (LT) on pig skin (PS) and external (ECS) and internal (ICS) carcass surfaces. The presence of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in PS, ECS, and ICS were evaluated. A total of 300 paired samples were collected from 100 pigs. Results underlined the importance of the skin (Enterobacteriaceae: 3.27 ± 0.68 log CFU/cm2; E. coli: 3.15 ± 0.63 log CFU/cm2; Salmonella: 21% of samples) as a direct or indirect source of carcass contamination. Although VFCL revealed no significant effect (p > 0.05), the increase of LT had a significant impact (p < 0.001) on Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli levels across all analysed surfaces, and Salmonella presence on ICS (p < 0.01), demanding attention to LT. Also, the ICS showed a higher level of these bacteria compared to ECS. These results highlight the need of food business operators to consider ICS as an alternative area to sample for Salmonella, as a criterion for process hygiene based on EC Regulation No. 2073/2005, and as a potential contamination source to be integrated in the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) plans. Full article
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Review

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23 pages, 396 KiB  
Review
Impact of High-Pressure Processing (HPP) on Listeria monocytogenes—An Overview of Challenges and Responses
by Patryk Wiśniewski, Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska and Anna Zadernowska
Foods 2024, 13(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13010014 - 19 Dec 2023
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Abstract
High-pressure processing (HPP) is currently one of the leading methods of non-thermal food preservation as an alternative to traditional methods based on thermal processing. The application of HPP involves the simultaneous action of a combination of several factors—pressure values (100–600 MPa), time of [...] Read more.
High-pressure processing (HPP) is currently one of the leading methods of non-thermal food preservation as an alternative to traditional methods based on thermal processing. The application of HPP involves the simultaneous action of a combination of several factors—pressure values (100–600 MPa), time of operation (a few–several minutes), and temperature of operation (room temperature or lower)—using a liquid medium responsible for pressure transfer. The combination of these three factors results in the inactivation of microorganisms, thus extending food shelf life and improving the food’s microbiological safety. HPP can provide high value for the sensory and quality characteristics of products and reduce the population of pathogenic microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes to the required safety level. Nevertheless, the technology is not without impact on the cellular response of pathogens. L. monocytogenes cells surviving the HPP treatment may have multiple damages, which may impact the activation of mechanisms involved in the repair of cellular damage, increased virulence, or antibiotic resistance, as well as an increased expression of genes encoding pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. This review has demonstrated that HPP is a technology that can reduce L. monocytogenes cells to below detection levels, thus indicating the potential to provide the desired level of safety. However, problems have been noted related to the possibilities of cell recovery during storage and changes in virulence and antibiotic resistance due to the activation of gene expression mechanisms, and the lack of a sufficient number of studies explaining these changes has been reported. Full article
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