From Vines to Wines: Technological Process, Product Quality and Consumer Preferences

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Drinks and Liquid Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 7957

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Guest Editor
MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
Interests: food analysis; high-performance liquid and gas chromatography; enantioselectivity; wine chemical characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The wine sector has always been in the frontier of technical and scientific development. In fact, wine is a natural product resulting from grapes (vines) whose management, technology of production, climate conditions, soils, and the ecosystem as a whole affect a lot, with grape varieties also included in this “package” of variables. Besides all that has been said, before having the final product of wine, we still have “yeasts and technology”, and all these factors affect wine final quality and have improved over the years. Thus, wines are, at the end of the day, always innovative and sometimes almost day by day. The fact that a wine can ensure a sensory result that is year by year “reproducible” is the result of intense research and an intense alignment of this research to consumers’ preferences that also define “quality”.

Wine is an ancient drink which has overcome plenty of challenges in its journey to modern society, a sophisticated and cultural drink that is now better understood and better known due to the research that a significant number of scientists have devoted to understanding the smell, taste, and production conditions that are more likely to correspond to consumers’ preferences.

Viticulture and enology are sciences that are linked directly to other scientific areas, such as agriculture, chemistry, biology, physics, robotics, engineering, sensory science, psychology, materials, marketing, and digitalization, just to name a few, in order to accomplish the desired development of the wine sector.

The aim of this SI is to highlight these innovations and increase awareness of how much vine and wine have improved, driven either by simple curiosity, by the demands of technicians, by market evolution, and by a deep desire for sustainability and adaptation to the climate change reality.

Prof. Dr. Ana Costa Freitas
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • vine and wine technology
  • sustainability
  • composition vs. quality
  • consumers vs. quality
  • sensorial characterization
  • wine and food
  • digitalization in the vine and wine sector

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 688 KiB  
Article
Enriched Red Wine: Phenolic Profile, Sensory Evaluation and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds
by Óscar A. Muñoz-Bernal, Alma A. Vazquez-Flores, Laura A. de la Rosa, Joaquín Rodrigo-García, Nina R. Martínez-Ruiz and Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
Foods 2023, 12(6), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061194 - 11 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2054
Abstract
The beneficial health effect of red wine depends on its phenolic content and the phenolic content in red wines is affected by ecological, agricultural, and enological practices. Enriched wines have been proposed as an alternative to increase the phenolic content in wines. Nevertheless, [...] Read more.
The beneficial health effect of red wine depends on its phenolic content and the phenolic content in red wines is affected by ecological, agricultural, and enological practices. Enriched wines have been proposed as an alternative to increase the phenolic content in wines. Nevertheless, phenolic compounds are related to the sensory characteristics of red wines, so enrichment of red wines requires a balance between phenolic content and sensory characteristics. In the present study, a Merlot red wine was enriched with a phenolic extract obtained from Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace. Two levels of enrichment were evaluated: 4 and 8 g/L of total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalents, GAE). Wines were evaluated by a trained panel to determine their sensory profile (olfactive, visual, taste, and mouthfeel phases). The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from enriched red wines was evaluated using an in vitro digestive model and phenolic compounds were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Enrichment increased mainly flavonols and procyanidins. Such an increase impacted astringency and sweetness perceived by judges. This study proposes an alternative to increase the phenolic content in wines without modifying other main sensory characteristics and offers a potential beneficial effect on the health of consumers. Full article
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16 pages, 1323 KiB  
Article
Vine Foliar Treatments at Veraison and Post-Veraison with Methyl Jasmonate Enhanced Aromatic, Phenolic and Nitrogen Composition of Tempranillo Blanco Grapes
by Itziar Sáenz de Urturi, Freud M. Ribeiro-Gomes, Sandra Marín-San Román, Rebeca Murillo-Peña, Lesly Torres-Díaz, Miriam González-Lázaro, Eva P. Pérez-Álvarez and Teresa Garde-Cerdán
Foods 2023, 12(6), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061142 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1070
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJ) is an elicitor that, when applied in the vineyard, can improve grape quality. There are several studies about the MeJ influence on red grape varieties; however, to our knowledge, there is little information about white grape varieties, specifically Tempranillo Blanco. [...] Read more.
Methyl jasmonate (MeJ) is an elicitor that, when applied in the vineyard, can improve grape quality. There are several studies about the MeJ influence on red grape varieties; however, to our knowledge, there is little information about white grape varieties, specifically Tempranillo Blanco. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of MeJ foliar treatments, carried out at veraison and post-veraison, on the aromatic, phenolic and nitrogen composition of Tempranillo Blanco grapes. The results showed that grape volatile compounds content increased after MeJ application, especially terpenoids, C13 norisoprenoids, benzenoids and alcohols, and, in general, mainly at post-veraison. Regarding phenolic and nitrogen compounds, their concentrations were enhanced after MeJ treatments, regardless of application time. Consequently, MeJ treatment improved grape volatile, phenolic and nitrogen composition, particularly when this elicitor was applied post-veraison. Therefore, this is a good and easy tool to modulate white grape quality. Full article
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16 pages, 1642 KiB  
Article
Influence of Cold Pre-Fermentation Maceration on the Volatilomic Pattern and Aroma of White Wines
by Laura Alti-Palacios, Juana Martínez, José A. C. Teixeira, José S. Câmara and Rosa Perestrelo
Foods 2023, 12(6), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061135 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2085
Abstract
Aroma compounds play a key role in wine quality due to their importance in wine aroma. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of cold pre-fermentative maceration (CPM) treatment on aromatic and sensory properties of white wines from four [...] Read more.
Aroma compounds play a key role in wine quality due to their importance in wine aroma. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of cold pre-fermentative maceration (CPM) treatment on aromatic and sensory properties of white wines from four grape varieties (Tempranillo Blanco, Maturana Blanca, Viura and Garnacha Blanca) during two consecutive years (2019 and 2020). A total of 62 aroma compounds belonging to different chemical families were identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). CPM treatment enhanced the total relative concentration of alcohols, esters and acids compared to control wines. Regarding sensorial properties, esters made the greatest contribution to the studied white wines, mainly through the development of floral and fruity notes. On the other hand, CPM treatment did not significantly influence the total relative concentration of terpenoids, and different trends were observed according to grape variety and vintage. The obtained results showed differences in the wine’s aromatic complexity according to the grape variety, the vintage and the treatment applied and suggested that CPM treatment could represent a suitable approach to manipulate the aromatic profile and enhance the aromatic quality and complexity of wine. Full article
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17 pages, 2003 KiB  
Article
Microclimate of Grape Bunch and Sunburn of White Grape Berries: Effect on Wine Quality
by Laura Rustioni, Alessio Altomare, Gvantsa Shanshiashvili, Fabio Greco, Riccardo Buccolieri, Ileana Blanco, Gabriele Cola and Daniela Fracassetti
Foods 2023, 12(3), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030621 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2285
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the composition of wines made with white grapes which are particularly susceptible to sunburn symptoms due to the absence of anthocyanin. Sunburn is a complex physiological dysfunction leading to browning or necrosis of berry tissues. In vintage 2021, [...] Read more.
This research aimed to evaluate the composition of wines made with white grapes which are particularly susceptible to sunburn symptoms due to the absence of anthocyanin. Sunburn is a complex physiological dysfunction leading to browning or necrosis of berry tissues. In vintage 2021, the canopy of ‘Verdeca’ grapevines grown in Salento, South Italy, was differently managed by sun exposing or shading the bunches. Micrometeorological conditions were studied at different levels. Grapes were vinified, comparing the winemaking with and without skin maceration. The vegetative-productive balance of plants was not substantially modified. On the contrary, a significant effect was observed on the quality and quantity of grapes produced: smaller berries with sunburn symptoms were found on unshaded bunches. This influenced the percentage distribution among skin, pulp and seeds, causing a decrease in must yield of up to 30%. The pH was significantly higher in macerated wines made using shaded grapes, due to a lower titratable acidity and to significant impacts on the acid profile. Obviously, maceration produced a higher extraction of phenolics in wines, which reached their maximum in wines made with sunburned grapes. The absorbance at 420 nm, index of yellow color, was also significantly higher in sunburned grapes, indicating greater oxidation. Even though excessive grape sun-exposure could negatively affect the perception of white wines made without maceration (resulting in more oxidative character), the sensory quality of orange/amber wines was not significantly impacted by the presence of sunburned grapes. Thus, this winemaking technique could be particularly interesting to set up a production strategy adapted to viticultural regions strongly affected by climate change. Full article
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