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Selected Papers from TIKI IEEE ICICE 2019＆ICASI 2020 in Energies
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Selected Papers from TIKI IEEE ICICE 2019＆ICASI 2020 in Energies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 10111

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shoou-Jinn Chang

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Interests: optical and electronic devices; semi-conductive materials; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sheng-Joue Young

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Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Engineering, National United University, Miaoli City 36063, Taiwan
Interests: semiconductor physics; optoelectronic devices; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stephen D. Prior

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Guest Editor
Aeronautics, Astronautics and Computational Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7QF, UK
Interests: microsystem design; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Liang-Wen Ji

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Guest Editor
Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
Interests: nano-optoelectronics; photo detector, nano-materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hao-Ying Lu

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Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Engineering, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County 892, Taiwan
Interests: solar cells; nano-material phosphor; sensor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 2019 International Conference on Innovation, Communication and Engineering (TIKI ICICE 2019, http://2019.icice.net/) will be held in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China on 25–30 October 2019. The 6th IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation 2020 (IEEE ICASI 2020, https://2020.icasi-conf.net/) will be held in Tokyo, Japan on 13–17 May 2020. These two conferences will provide a unified communication platform for a wide range of topics. The Special Issue of Energies entitled “Selected Papers from TIKI IEEE ICICE 2019 and ICASI 2020” provides related scientific research, technology development, and policy and management studies. It publishes reviews and regular research papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.

This Special Issue selects excellent papers from TIKI IEEE ICICE 2019 and ICASI 2020. We invite investigators to contribute original research articles as well as review articles to this Special Issue. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Energy fundamentals;
  • Primary energy sources;
  • Secondary energy sources and energy carriers;
  • Energy exploration;
  • Intermediate and final energy use;
  • Energy conversion systems;
  • Energy policy;
  • Exergy
  • Energetics
  • Energy research and development.

Prof. Dr. Shoou-Jinn Chang
Prof. Dr. Sheng-Joue Young
Dr. Stephen D. Prior
Prof. Dr. Liang-Wen Ji
Prof. Dr. Hao-Ying Lu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced materials
  • microelectronic devices
  • optical sensors

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 10645 KiB  
Article
Design of a Bidirectional CL3C Full-Bridge Resonant Converter for Battery Energy Storage Systems
by Yih-Her Yan, Yong-Nong Chang and Zhi-Xuan Peng
Energies 2022, 15(2), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020412 - 06 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1811
Abstract
In this study, a bidirectional CL3C full-bridge resonant converter was developed using a bidirectional active bridge converter as the main framework to improve conventional LLC resonant converters. A resonant inductor and resonant capacitor were installed at the secondary side of the [...] Read more.
In this study, a bidirectional CL3C full-bridge resonant converter was developed using a bidirectional active bridge converter as the main framework to improve conventional LLC resonant converters. A resonant inductor and resonant capacitor were installed at the secondary side of the developed resonant converter. The bidirectional operation of this converter enables zero-voltage switching at the supply-side power switch and zero-current switching at the load side. The aforementioned phenomena enhance the overall circuit efficiency and enable the resonant tank voltage to be increased in the reverse mode, which cannot be achieved with conventional bidirectional LLC resonant converters. The electrical equipment isolation function provided by a transformer made electricity usage safer, and digital control technology was adopted to control electrical energy conversion and simulate bidirectional energy conversion. Specifically, the experiment and simulation emulated how the developed converter enables energy transmission from a DC grid to a battery energy storage system through constant current–constant voltage charging and energy transmission from a battery energy storage system to a DC grid through constant power discharging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from TIKI IEEE ICICE 2019＆ICASI 2020 in Energies)
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14 pages, 1835 KiB  
Article
Two-Stage Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil with a High Acid Value via an Ultrasound-Assisted Method
by Ming-Chien Hsiao, Wei-Ting Lin, Wei-Cheng Chiu and Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Energies 2021, 14(12), 3703; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123703 - 21 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2046
Abstract
In this study, ultrasound was used to accelerate two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil, which originally had a high acid value (4.35 mg KOH/g). In the first stage, acid-catalyzed esterification reaction conditions were developed with a 9:1 methanol/oil molar [...] Read more.
In this study, ultrasound was used to accelerate two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil, which originally had a high acid value (4.35 mg KOH/g). In the first stage, acid-catalyzed esterification reaction conditions were developed with a 9:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, sulfuric acid dosage at 2 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C. Under ultrasound irradiation for 40 min, the acid value was effectively decreased from 4.35 to 1.67 mg KOH/g, which was decreased to a sufficient level (<2 mg KOH/g) to avoid the saponification problem for the subsequent transesterification reaction. In the following stage, base-catalyzed transesterification reactions were carried out with a 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, a sodium hydroxide dosage of 1 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. Under ultrasound-assisted transesterification for 40 min, the conversion rate of biodiesel reached 97.05%, which met the requirement of EN 14214 standard, i.e., 96.5% minimum. In order to evaluate and explore the improvement of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) process in shortening the reaction time, additional two-stage biodiesel synthesis experiments using the traditional mechanical stirring method under the optimal conditions were further carried out in this study. It was found that, under the same optimal conditions, using the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process, the total reaction time was significantly reduced to only 80 min, which was much shorter than the total time required by the conventional method of 140 min. It is worth noting that compared with the traditional method without ultrasound, the intensification of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process significantly shortened the total time from 140 min to 80 min, which is a reduction of 42.9%. It was concluded that the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic process is an effective and time-saving method for synthesizing biodiesel from used cooking oil with a high acid value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from TIKI IEEE ICICE 2019＆ICASI 2020 in Energies)
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15 pages, 7055 KiB  
Article
Design and Prototyping of Efficient LED Counter Beam Light with Free-Formed Surface for Meeting International Tunnel Lighting Standards
by Hsing-Yuan Liao, Sheng-Yen Chen, Hien-Thanh Le, Wei-Lun Gao, Fu-Chun Chang, Chan-Chuan Wen, Yi-Chin Fang, Chao-Hsien Chen, Shun-Hsyung Chang and Hsiao-Yi Lee
Energies 2021, 14(2), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020488 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2639
Abstract
An LED Counter Beam Light (CBL) with a free surface secondary lens is proposed to enhance the safety and efficiency of tunnels. The secondary lens was designed and produced to be mounted on a 50 W white-light LED array to generate the targeted [...] Read more.
An LED Counter Beam Light (CBL) with a free surface secondary lens is proposed to enhance the safety and efficiency of tunnels. The secondary lens was designed and produced to be mounted on a 50 W white-light LED array to generate the targeted counter beam pattern, in order to meet the standards for enhanced tunnel road lighting of the CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage)—CIE 88:2004—in a trial tunnel lighting scheme. Through the simulation of a road tunnel in Northern Taiwan using the LiteStar four-dimensional software, it was shown that the proposed LED light can serve as a qualifying CBL to generate an average road tunnel surface luminance (Lav) of 182.76 cd/m2, which is better than the 138 cd/m2 that commercial High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) tunnel lights can provide and the 181 cd/m2 minimum stipulated in the CIE 88:2004 regulations. The results also show that the proposed LED light accomplishes a contrast revealing coefficient qc of 1.03, which is above the minimum regulatory level of 0.6 for a qualified CBL, as well as a luminance uniformity Uo of 0.89 (regulatory minimum, 0.4), longitudinal luminance uniformity UL of 0.99 (regulatory minimum, 0.6), and glare factor TI (threshold increment) of 7.24% (regulatory minimum, 15%). In order to test the feasibility of the LED CBL for future commercialization, the proposed LED CBL was prototyped and measured; the results demonstrate that an average road surface luminance (Lav) of 184.5 cd/m2, intensity of the luminance uniformity Uo of 0.7, intensity of the longitudinal luminance uniformity UL of 0.94, glare factor of 7.04%, and contrast revealing coefficient qc of 1.38 can be achieved, which are all above the levels required by the CIE 88:2004 regulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from TIKI IEEE ICICE 2019＆ICASI 2020 in Energies)
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11 pages, 1430 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst
by Ming-Chien Hsiao, Peir-Horng Liao, Nguyen Vu Lan and Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Energies 2021, 14(2), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020437 - 15 Jan 2021
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 2820
Abstract
In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and the use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction [...] Read more.
In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and the use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction under different reaction times and temperatures was studied. It was found that in the microwave-assisted transesterification reaction, the optimum conditions under a microwave power of 600 W were as follows: an NaOH catalyst of 0.8 wt %, a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, a reaction time of 2 min, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel reached 98.2% after this short reaction time. This result conformed to 96.5% of the standard value of Taiwan CNS 15072. In addition, with increases in the reaction temperature from 55 to 65 °C, the reaction rate constant increased from 0.635 to 2.396 min−1, and the activation energy required for the transesterification reaction was 123.14 kJ/mole. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from TIKI IEEE ICICE 2019＆ICASI 2020 in Energies)
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