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Applied Sciences
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Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019
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Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2019) | Viewed by 39180

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shoou-Jinn Chang

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Interests: optical and electronic devices; semi-conductive materials; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sheng-Joue Young

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Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Engineering, National United University, Miaoli City 36063, Taiwan
Interests: semiconductor physics; optoelectronic devices; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stephen D. Prior

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Guest Editor
Aeronautics, Astronautics and Computational Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7QF, UK
Interests: microsystem design; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Liang-Wen Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
Interests: nano-optoelectronics; photo detector; nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 5th IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation 2019 (IEEE ICASI 2019, https://2019.icasi-conf.net/) will be held in Fukuoka, Japan on 11–15April 2019, and will provide a unified communication platform for a wide range of topics. This Special Issue on “Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019” is expected to select excellent papers presented at TIKI IEEE ICASI 2019 from the “Applied Sciences” section. Mechanical engineering and design innovations are both academic and practical engineering fields that involve systematic technological materialization through scientific principles and engineering design. Technological innovation through mechanical engineering includes IT-based intelligent mechanical systems, mechanics and design innovations, and applied materials in nanosciences and nanotechnology. These new technologies, which implant intelligence in machine systems, are an interdisciplinary area combining conventional mechanical technology and new information technology.

The main goal of this Special Issue is to discover new scientific knowledge relevant to IT-based intelligent mechanical systems, mechanics and design innovations, and applied materials in nanosciences and nanotechnology. We invite investigators interested in applied system innovation to contribute original research articles to this Special Issue. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Intelligent mechanical manufacturing systems
  • Mathematical problems on mechanical system design
  • Smart electromechanical system analysis and design
  • Applied materials in nanosciences and nanotechnology
  • Computer-aided methods for mechanical design procedure and manufacture.
  • Computer and human–machine interaction.
  • Internet technology and mechanical system innovation.
  • Machine diagnostics and reliability
  • Human–machine interaction/virtual reality and entertainment

Prof. Dr. Sheng-Joue Young
Prof. Dr. Shoou-Jinn Chang
Dr. Stephen D. Prior
Prof. Dr. Liang-Wen Ji
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced materials
  • microelectronic devices
  • optical sensors

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

4 pages, 167 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue: Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019
by Sheng-Joue Young, Shoou-Jinn Chang, Stephen D. Prior and Liang-Wen Ji
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082652 - 11 Apr 2020
Viewed by 1382
Abstract
The fifth IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation 2019 (IEEE ICASI 2019, https://2019 [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

19 pages, 2757 KiB  
Article
Application of a Fuzzy Decision Model to the Design of a Pillbox for Medical Treatment of Chronic Diseases
by Hsin-Hung Lin
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(22), 4909; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224909 - 15 Nov 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2094
Abstract
It is critical for medical systems to reduce waste from medical resources. One of the reasons why patients with chronic diseases create waste is that they often forget to take their medicine. Patients pay attention to the time and amount of medicine to [...] Read more.
It is critical for medical systems to reduce waste from medical resources. One of the reasons why patients with chronic diseases create waste is that they often forget to take their medicine. Patients pay attention to the time and amount of medicine to take to different degrees. This negligence often affects when they take medicine or preventive drugs. The amount of medicine is also different for different patients. The evaluation model in this study utilizes the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to obtain the degree (weight) of each evaluation item that is determined by each patient. After that, a more objective overall shape can be determined depending on the individual’s preference. In this study, the proposed package design serves as the case study. The results indicate that the evaluation model is feasible, and the research results of the case study are also valuable for follow-up designers. The design of a pillbox for patients with chronic diseases should consider the safety of taking the medicine; that is, the right person should take the right medicine at the right time at the right dose. Therefore, evaluating the feasibility of the pillbox for patients with chronic diseases is very important. The proposed evaluation model applies to products that have different compositions. Follow-up researchers or designers can apply this approach to different case designs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)
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24 pages, 7785 KiB  
Article
Application of Fuzzy Theory to the Evaluation Model of Product Assembly Design and Usability Operation Complexity
by Ya-Chuan Ko
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(19), 4055; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9194055 - 27 Sep 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3034
Abstract
In order to make people’s lives more convenient and enhance living standards, the composition of a product usually includes more than one component. However, a product is created by the joint endeavor of people from various territories and therefore one of the important [...] Read more.
In order to make people’s lives more convenient and enhance living standards, the composition of a product usually includes more than one component. However, a product is created by the joint endeavor of people from various territories and therefore one of the important considerations is making a product merge into consumers’ daily lives rather than simply fulfilling its functions. There might be conflicts with people’s existing life patterns or existing values, which should be taken into consideration during the manufacturing process. This study is an investigation of the process of assembly by considering the assembly operations and the assembly operating time. By determining the relationship between components, the assembly concept of most components was analyzed. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was carried out during the evaluation of the degree of complexity of user operations. Depending on the ranking of membership, the most appropriate assembly was determined and this serves as a reference for designers to select the optimal product assembly. By recording the consumer usage models, the optimal assembly and usage model of product design were also proposed. The goal of this study is to find the balance between assembly evaluation and user usage model by the process in order to allow designers to determine the new assembly concepts that meet consumer usage models. A case study of four bedside stereos was carried out by implementing the proposed approach in order to determine the evaluation principle of assembly. The purpose of this is to enhance the balance between assembly design and user operation complexity for making efficient decisions. A product design can comply with the spirit of concurrent engineering and the quality of a product design can be enhanced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)
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14 pages, 856 KiB  
Article
An LSTM-Based Deep Learning Approach for Classifying Malicious Traffic at the Packet Level
by Ren-Hung Hwang, Min-Chun Peng, Van-Linh Nguyen and Yu-Lun Chang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(16), 3414; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9163414 - 19 Aug 2019
Cited by 99 | Viewed by 7131
Abstract
Recently, deep learning has been successfully applied to network security assessments and intrusion detection systems (IDSs) with various breakthroughs such as using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to classify malicious traffic. However, these state-of-the-art systems also face tremendous challenges [...] Read more.
Recently, deep learning has been successfully applied to network security assessments and intrusion detection systems (IDSs) with various breakthroughs such as using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to classify malicious traffic. However, these state-of-the-art systems also face tremendous challenges to satisfy real-time analysis requirements due to the major delay of the flow-based data preprocessing, i.e., requiring time for accumulating the packets into particular flows and then extracting features. If detecting malicious traffic can be done at the packet level, detecting time will be significantly reduced, which makes the online real-time malicious traffic detection based on deep learning technologies become very promising. With the goal of accelerating the whole detection process by considering a packet level classification, which has not been studied in the literature, in this research, we propose a novel approach in building the malicious classification system with the primary support of word embedding and the LSTM model. Specifically, we propose a novel word embedding mechanism to extract packet semantic meanings and adopt LSTM to learn the temporal relation among fields in the packet header and for further classifying whether an incoming packet is normal or a part of malicious traffic. The evaluation results on ISCX2012, USTC-TFC2016, IoT dataset from Robert Gordon University and IoT dataset collected on our Mirai Botnet show that our approach is competitive to the prior literature which detects malicious traffic at the flow level. While the network traffic is booming year by year, our first attempt can inspire the research community to exploit the advantages of deep learning to build effective IDSs without suffering significant detection delay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)
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14 pages, 2945 KiB  
Article
Hierarchical Guided-Image-Filtering for Efficient Stereo Matching
by Chengtao Zhu and Yau-Zen Chang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3122; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153122 - 01 Aug 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2891
Abstract
Stereo matching is complicated by the uneven distribution of textures on the image pairs. We address this problem by applying the edge-preserving guided-Image-filtering (GIF) at different resolutions. In contrast to most multi-scale stereo matching algorithms, parameters of the proposed hierarchical GIF model are [...] Read more.
Stereo matching is complicated by the uneven distribution of textures on the image pairs. We address this problem by applying the edge-preserving guided-Image-filtering (GIF) at different resolutions. In contrast to most multi-scale stereo matching algorithms, parameters of the proposed hierarchical GIF model are in an innovative weighted-combination scheme to generate an improved matching cost volume. Our method draws its strength from exploiting texture in various resolution levels and performing an effective mixture of the derived parameters. This novel approach advances our recently proposed algorithm, the pervasive guided-image-filtering scheme, by equipping it with hierarchical filtering modules, leading to disparity images with more details. The approach ensures as many different-scale patterns as possible to be involved in the cost aggregation and hence improves matching accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves the best matching accuracy when compared with six well-recognized cutting-edge algorithms using version 3 of the Middlebury stereo evaluation data sets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)
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13 pages, 3153 KiB  
Article
Automatic Error Compensation for Free-Form Surfaces by Using On-Machine Measurement Data
by Wei-chen Lee, Yu-tzu Lee and Ching-Chih Wei
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3073; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153073 - 30 Jul 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2798
Abstract
Currently, most computer numerical control (CNC) controllers lack the function needed to compensate machining errors for free-form surfaces. The objective of this research was to enhance the accuracy and precision of the machined free-form surfaces of a workpiece using the mirror compensation method [...] Read more.
Currently, most computer numerical control (CNC) controllers lack the function needed to compensate machining errors for free-form surfaces. The objective of this research was to enhance the accuracy and precision of the machined free-form surfaces of a workpiece using the mirror compensation method with the on-measurement data. By mirroring the points measured after semi-finishing, a new free-form surface for finishing machining can be automatically reconstructed. The surface can then be used to generate the cutting tool path to reduce the errors during finishing machining. In this research, three different types of surfaces were used for evaluating the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method reduced the standard deviations of the three surface geometries by 61%, 61%, and 32%, respectively. We also evaluated the tool radius modification method commonly used in the industry for error compensation and found that there is no substantial reduction on standard deviation. Therefore, the effectiveness of the error compensation method proposed in this research is evident. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)
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19 pages, 4907 KiB  
Article
3D and Boundary Effects on 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography
by Yin-Chun Hung, Chih-Ping Lin, Chin-Tan Lee and Ko-Wei Weng
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 2963; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9152963 - 24 Jul 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4671
Abstract
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is one of the most widely used geophysical methods in geological, hydrogeological, and geo-environmental investigations. Although 3D ERT is now available, 2D ERT remains state-of-the-practice due to its simplicity in fieldwork and lower space requirements. 2D ERT assumes that [...] Read more.
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is one of the most widely used geophysical methods in geological, hydrogeological, and geo-environmental investigations. Although 3D ERT is now available, 2D ERT remains state-of-the-practice due to its simplicity in fieldwork and lower space requirements. 2D ERT assumes that the ground condition is perpendicular to the survey line and outside the survey line is homogeneous. This assumption can often be violated in conditions such as geologic strikes not perpendicular to the survey line and topographic changes or buried objects near the survey line. Possible errors or artifacts in the 2D resistivity tomogram arising from violating the 2D assumption are often overlooked. This study aimed to numerically investigate the boundary effects on 2D ERT under various simplified conditions. Potential factors including resistivity contrast, depth and size of buried objects, and electrode spacing were considered for the parametric studies. The results revealed that offline geologic features may project onto the 2D tomogram to some extent, depending on the aforementioned factors. The mechanism and implications of boundary effects can be drawn from these parametric studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)
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15 pages, 4231 KiB  
Article
Area-Efficient FFT Kernel with Improved Use of GI for Multistandard MIMO-OFDM Applications
by Song-Nien Tang and Yuan-Ho Chen
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(14), 2877; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9142877 - 18 Jul 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2829
Abstract
This study presents a fast Fourier transform (FFT) kernel for multistandard applications, which employ multiple-input, multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM). The proposed design uses a mixed-radix, mixed-multipath delay-feedback (MRM2DF) structure, which enables 4/5/6-stream 64/128-point FFT. This approach allows the effective usage [...] Read more.
This study presents a fast Fourier transform (FFT) kernel for multistandard applications, which employ multiple-input, multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM). The proposed design uses a mixed-radix, mixed-multipath delay-feedback (MRM2DF) structure, which enables 4/5/6-stream 64/128-point FFT. This approach allows the effective usage of guard intervals (GI) in conjunction with a novel resource-sharing scheme to improve area efficiency. An area-reduced constant multiplication unit and sorting buffer with minimal memory size further reduced an area overhead. A test chip was designed using UMC 90-nm technology, and was evaluated through post-layout simulation. The proposed design outperformed previous works in terms of the throughput per area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)
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14 pages, 19020 KiB  
Article
The Design and Building of a Hexapod Robot with Biomimetic Legs
by Min-Chan Hwang, Feifei Liu, Jie Yang and Yuanzhang Lin
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(14), 2792; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9142792 - 11 Jul 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6524
Abstract
A hexapod robot with biomimetic legs was built to implement a distributed control system, where a mechanism is proposed to serve as the central pattern generator and a computer to act as the brain-stem, cooperating with the central pattern generator through wireless communication. [...] Read more.
A hexapod robot with biomimetic legs was built to implement a distributed control system, where a mechanism is proposed to serve as the central pattern generator and a computer to act as the brain-stem, cooperating with the central pattern generator through wireless communication. The proposed mechanism is composed of two modules, i.e., the tripod gait generator and the Theo Jansen Linkage. The tripod gait generator is a device that uses a single motor to generate a tripod gait, while the Theo Jansen Linkage rhythmically executes the legged motion. In a sense, we are trying to implement the locomotion of a robot by means of a hybrid computational system, including the mechanism part and the electronic processors part. The complex mathematical function of the foot movement is realized by the ensemble of links of the Theo Jansen Linkage, so as to alleviate the computational burden. Besides, the proposed design, based on non-collocated actuators, is intended to minimize the number of actuators while reducing the building cost of the robot. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)
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13 pages, 2127 KiB  
Article
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning System Optimization Control Strategy Involving Fan Coil Unit Temperature Control
by Chang-Ming Lin, Hsin-Yu Liu, Ko-Ying Tseng and Sheng-Fuu Lin
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(11), 2391; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9112391 - 11 Jun 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4989
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system optimization control strategy involving fan coil unit (FCU) temperature control for energy conservation in chilled water systems to enhance the operating efficiency of HVAC systems. The proposed [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to develop a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system optimization control strategy involving fan coil unit (FCU) temperature control for energy conservation in chilled water systems to enhance the operating efficiency of HVAC systems. The proposed control strategy involves three techniques, which are described as follows. The first technique is an algorithm for dynamic FCU temperature setting, which enables the FCU temperature to be set in accordance with changes in the outdoor temperature to satisfy the indoor thermal comfort for occupants. The second technique is an approach for determining the indoor cold air demand, which collects the set FCU temperature and converts it to the refrigeration ton required for the chilled water system; this serves as the control target for ensuring optimal HVAC operation. The third technique is a genetic algorithm for calculating the minimum energy consumption for an HVAC system. The genetic algorithm determines the pump operating frequency associated with minimum energy consumption per refrigeration ton to control energy conservation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HVAC system optimization control strategy combining FCU temperature control, this study conducted a field experiment. The results revealed that the proposed strategy enabled an HVAC system to achieve 39.71% energy conservation compared with an HVAC system operating at full load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from IEEE ICASI 2019)
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