Editorial

4 pages, 189 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue on Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects—Volume II

by Vittorio Checchi

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10787; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910787 - 28 Sep 2023

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Many fields of dentistry are firmly connected to innovative materials, and the highest clinical improvements frequently come with the development and creation of original and high-performing equipment, instruments, and biomaterials [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

Research

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17 pages, 7340 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiscale Evaluation of Jaw Geometry Reproduction Obtained Via the Use of Selected Orthodontic Materials in Dental Implants and Orthodontics—In Vitro Case Study

by Michał Jakubowicz, Bartosz Gapiński, Lidia Marciniak-Podsadna, Michał Mendak, Patryk Mietliński and Michał Wieczorowski

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 6932; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13126932 - 08 Jun 2023

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Abstract

In this paper, the multiscale analysis of the reproduction accuracy of jaw geometry obtained via the use of selected orthodontic materials is discussed. Impressions were made from two types of impression material. An accuracy assessment of the model geometry mapping was performed using [...] Read more.

In this paper, the multiscale analysis of the reproduction accuracy of jaw geometry obtained via the use of selected orthodontic materials is discussed. Impressions were made from two types of impression material. An accuracy assessment of the model geometry mapping was performed using noncontact systems, including a fringe projection optical 3D scanner, computed tomography, and a focus variation microscope. Measurements were made in three modes for comparison, as were the silicone and polyether impression materials. These modes were a jaw model and impression, an impression and plaster model, and plaster and jaw models. The research results are presented as colorful maps of deviations. Data analysis showed that deviations were the smallest in the case of silicone and that the best fit occurred between the silicone impression and the plaster model. The conducted research confirmed the validity of the assumptions considering the use of multiscale analysis for geometric analysis. The use of modern multiscale measurement methods allows for shorter and more efficient prosthetic operations. At present, these devices are expensive and complicated to use, but developments in technology should simplify the process, and prosthetic professionals should be aware of the possibilities described in the paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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10 pages, 2525 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Amorphous Calcium Magnesium Fluoride Phosphate—Novel Material for Mineralization in Preventive Dentistry

by Erik Unosson, Daniel Feldt, Wei Xia and Håkan Engqvist

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6298; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106298 - 22 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1694

Abstract

This paper describes novel and innovative amorphous calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate (ACMFP) core-shell microparticles that may be applied in preventive dentistry for the prevention of caries and the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The particles can be synthesized with varied fluoride content, up to [...] Read more.

This paper describes novel and innovative amorphous calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate (ACMFP) core-shell microparticles that may be applied in preventive dentistry for the prevention of caries and the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The particles can be synthesized with varied fluoride content, up to approximately 6 wt%, without any observable differences in morphology or crystallinity. Fluoride release from the particles is correlated to the fluoride content, and the particles are readily converted to fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite in a simulated saliva solution. The remineralization and dentin tubule occlusion potential of the particles was evaluated in vitro on acid-etched dentin specimens, and treatment with the ACMFP particles resulted in complete tubule occlusion and the formation of a dense mineralization layer. The acid resistance of the mineralization layer was improved compared to treatment with analogous particles without fluoride inclusion. A cross-sectional evaluation of dentin specimens after treatment revealed the formation of high aspect ratio fluorapatite crystals and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite, respectively. The particles of the current study provide a single source vehicle of readily available calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions for the potential remineralization of carious lesions as well as exposed dentin tubules for the reduction of hypersensitivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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13 pages, 2091 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Occlusion Analysis after Orthodontic Treatment: Capabilities of the Intraoral Scanner and T-Scan Novus System

by Dobromira Shopova, Desislava Bakova, Svetlana Yordanova, Miroslava Yordanova and Todor Uzunov

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4335; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074335 - 29 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2082

Abstract

Digital technology is becoming increasingly popular in dentistry. The aim of this article is to demonstrate and compare the capabilities of two different digital approaches, namely, intraoral scanning and digital examination of occlusion, in the final analysis of occlusion after orthodontic treatment. The [...] Read more.

Digital technology is becoming increasingly popular in dentistry. The aim of this article is to demonstrate and compare the capabilities of two different digital approaches, namely, intraoral scanning and digital examination of occlusion, in the final analysis of occlusion after orthodontic treatment. The capabilities and limitations of both systems are emphasized to help clinicians determine which system to use in specific cases. Materials and methods: The study included 32 patients (15 males and 17 females) in the retention phase after orthodontic treatment. Patients were aged 15 to 28 years with a mean age of 18.62 years (±4.17), and 62.2% were aged under 18 years. At the beginning of the orthodontic treatment, 18 patients had Angle Class I and 14 had Angle Class II. Overall, 18 patients were treated without extractions and 14 with extractions, while 12 had impacted teeth. All patients wore an Essix retainer in the upper jaw and a fixed canine-to-canine retainer in the lower jaw. Intraoral scanning was performed using Trios color (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2014), and digital occlusion imaging was performed using T-Scan Novus (Tekscan, Norwood, MA, USA, 2018). SPSS 23.0 was used to perform descriptive statistical analysis. Result and Conclusion: With the 3Shape system, the contacts are marked based on the proximity between dentitions. The T-Scan system measures the strength of the contacts, regardless of their area. Despite its many advantages, intraoral scanning is not a reliable method for recording occlusions. The results obtained are not incorrect, but they include limited parameters for analysis. The T-Scan system provides comprehensive results and allows analysis and treatment of occlusal dysfunctions. The T-Scan system can provide information on the first contact, strength of the contacts, contact distribution on each tooth, sequence of contacts, maximum bite force and maximum intercuspation, path of the lower jaw movement, and occlusion and disocclusion times as well as record videos with active sequences and distributions of the contacts. There is a good collaboration between intraoral scanning and digital occlusion determination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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12 pages, 1824 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of the Lateral Bone Augmentation Procedure in Correcting Peri-Implant Bone Dehiscence Defects: A 7-Years Retrospective Study

by Jakub Hadzik, Artur Błaszczyszyn, Tomasz Gedrange and Marzena Dominiak

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2324; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042324 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1463

Abstract

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a well-documented and widely-used dental surgical procedure for the treatment of various types of alveolar bone defects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the GBR procedure in correcting small peri-implant bone dehiscence [...] Read more.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a well-documented and widely-used dental surgical procedure for the treatment of various types of alveolar bone defects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the GBR procedure in correcting small peri-implant bone dehiscence using the xenogeneic deproteinized bovine bone mineral material and a xenogeneic native bilayer collagen membrane. The present study was designed as a retrospective study. Seventy-five bone-level tapered two-piece dental implants Conelog^®, Camlog (Biotechnologies AG, Switzerland) were divided into two groups G1—no bone augmentation (no GBR)—44 implants and G2—bone augmentation (GBR)—31 implants. For both groups, the closed healing protocol with a primary wound closure was used. The incidence of peri-implantits was evaluated, the quantitative assessment of soft tissue thickness was performed using the ultrasound (USG) device, quantitative assessment of marginal bone loss (MBL) was done. The prevalence of peri-implantitis was 5.3%, with a three-fold increase in peri-implantitis comparing the groups without and with bone augmentation (G1 = 2.27%, G2 = 9.7%). The average keratinized gingiva thickness was 1.87 mm and did not differ significantly between groups. No statistically significant differences in MBL between G1 and G2 were found. When dividing patients by gender, no statistically significant differences were observed. When dividing patients by age groups, statistically significant differences were observed between the youngest and oldest groups of patients. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the use of xenogeneic bone and a xenogeneic collagen membrane in a GBR procedure can be recommended to correct small peri-implant bone dehiscence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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12 pages, 1489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Fourth Cervical Vertebra Anterior and Posterior Body Height Projections (Vba) for the Assessment of Pubertal Growth Spurt

by Roberto Cameriere, Luz Andrea Velandia Palacio, Enita Nakaš, Ivan Galić, Hrvoje Brkić, Danijela Kalibović Govorko, Daniel Jerković, Liliana Jara and Luigi Ferrante

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1819; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031819 - 31 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1175

Abstract

This paper aims to propose a statistical model to assess pubertal growth spurt using the ratio of the anterior height projection to the posterior (Vba) of the fourth cervical vertebra body (C4) on cephalograms and to calculate the residual proportion of [...] Read more.

This paper aims to propose a statistical model to assess pubertal growth spurt using the ratio of the anterior height projection to the posterior (Vba) of the fourth cervical vertebra body (C4) on cephalograms and to calculate the residual proportion of skeletal maturation and the time for the pubertal growth spurt to end for a given Vba. A sample of 538 cephalograms from healthy-living children aged between 5 and 15 years was analyzed. A segmented regression model was used to explain the different Vba stages relative to the pubertal growth spurt. In addition, the time to achieve skeletal maturation was evaluated for a given Vba between the beginning (Vba₁) and the end (Vba₂) of the pubertal growth spurt. A longitudinal sample of 25 males and 25 females was analyzed to validate the proposed method. The values of Vba corresponding to higher pubertal development rate ranged from Vba₁ = 0.677 (95%CI, 0.644–0.711) to Vba₂ = 0.966 (95%CI, 0.905–1.028) and from Vba₁ = 0.669 (95%CI, 0.645–0.693) to Vba₂ = 1.073 (95%CI, 1.044–1.101) in males and females, respectively. The validation process results showed that our model did not produce any incorrect forecasts. The proposed method estimates the beginning and the end of the pubertal growth spurt together with the residual proportion of skeletal maturation for a given Vba. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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12 pages, 2722 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relevance of the Operator’s Experience in Conditioning the Static Computer-Assisted Implantology: A Comparative In Vitro Study with Three Different Evaluation Methods

by Gerardo Pellegrino, Giuseppe Lizio, Filippo D’Errico, Agnese Ferri, Annalisa Mazzoni, Federico Del Bianco, Luigi Vito Stefanelli and Pietro Felice

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9561; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199561 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 890

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of manual expertise on static computer-aided implantology (s-CAI) in terms of accuracy and operative timings. After the cone-beam CT (CBCT) scanning of eleven mandibular models, a full-arch rehabilitation was planned, and two different skilled operators [...] Read more.

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of manual expertise on static computer-aided implantology (s-CAI) in terms of accuracy and operative timings. After the cone-beam CT (CBCT) scanning of eleven mandibular models, a full-arch rehabilitation was planned, and two different skilled operators performed s-CAI. The distances between the virtual and actual implant positions were calculated considering the three spatial vectorial axes and the three-dimensional Euclidean value for the entry (E) and apical (A) points, along with the axis orientation differences (Ax). These values emerged from the overlapping of the pre-op CBCT to post-op CBCT data (method 1), from scanning the data from the laboratory scanner (method 2), and from the intra-oral scanner (method 3) and were correlated with the operators’ expertise and operative timings. The mean values for accuracy from the three methods were: E = 0.57 (0.8, 0.45, 0.47) mm, A = 0.6 (0.8, 0.48, 0.49) mm, and Ax 1.04 (1.05,1.03,1.05) ° for the expert operator; and E = 0.8 (0.9, 0.87, 0.77), A = 0.95 (1.02, 0.95, 0.89), and Ax =1.64 (1.78, 1.58, 1.58) for the novice. The mean value of the operative timings was statistically inferior for the expert operator (p < 0.05), with an improved accuracy over time for both operators. A significant difference (p < 0.05) emerged between method 1 and methods 2 and 3 for seven of the nine variables, without differences between the evaluations from the two scanners. The support from digital surgical guides does not eliminate the importance of manual expertise for the reliability and the shortening of the surgical procedure, and it requires a learning pathway over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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10 pages, 2529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pain Perception during Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances

by Cristian Doru Olteanu, Sorana-Maria Bucur, Manuela Chibelean, Eugen Silviu Bud, Mariana Păcurar and Dana Gabriela Feștilă

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6389; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136389 - 23 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1670

Abstract

The present study aimed to determine the intensity of pain perception in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. We analyzed the severity of pain concerning four routine procedures: the placement of separating elastics, ring cementations, arch activations, and elastic tractions. Our study consisted of [...] Read more.

The present study aimed to determine the intensity of pain perception in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. We analyzed the severity of pain concerning four routine procedures: the placement of separating elastics, ring cementations, arch activations, and elastic tractions. Our study consisted of a sample of 100 patients between 12 and 35 years old during the initial months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The patients completed a questionnaire meant to assess their pain sensation perception. The study sample was divided according to age and sex. By determining the intensity of pain felt during the four orthodontic procedures, we found that the most painful one was the ring cementation in all four age groups. The therapeutic-arch-activation procedure ranked second, with a higher mean value (2.66) in the 18–24 age group; the least painful was considered the elastic traction procedure, with a higher value (1.33) in the group over 30 years old. The most painful period was during the first 3–4 days after procedures. Most patients showed moderate pain after following the studied orthodontic interventions and required analgesic medication, the most frequently used being Nurofen, ketonal or paracetamol. The level of pain felt was significantly higher in men than in women. Patients suffer differently from the intensity of perceived pain as they grow older. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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15 pages, 5676 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of Elevation Forces and Resilience of the Schneiderian Membrane Using a New Balloon Device in Maxillary Sinus Elevations on Pig Head Cadavers

by Erick Rafael Fernández Castellano, Magaly Teresa Marquez Sanchez and Javier Flores Fraile

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4406; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094406 - 27 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1263

Abstract

Background: Although elevation of the sinus can be considered a predictable procedure, it is nonetheless not free of complications, for which reason there is a constant search for new tools and techniques that may reduce these complications. The present study focused on [...] Read more.

Background: Although elevation of the sinus can be considered a predictable procedure, it is nonetheless not free of complications, for which reason there is a constant search for new tools and techniques that may reduce these complications. The present study focused on maxillary sinus lifts performed on pig heads cadavers, using a new device with the balloon technique. Materials and Methods: Fifteen ex vivo adult pig heads were used in this experimental study. Sinus floor elevation was performed using the new balloon elevation control system, which consists of a syringe containing latex and serum as well as a system of burs for membrane access and control. Each lift was performed within a 3 min time frame while constant pressure was applied to allow the tissue to adapt to the tension. Results: In 100% of cases, perforations do not occur during aperture or in the elevation of the wall. In the global sample, there was histological elevation in 73.33% compared to 26.66% non-elevation (p = 0.0268). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the maxillary sinus lifts employing the new device and the balloon technique were minimally invasive procedures. The elevations achieved proved sufficient to allow future placement of implants of varying lengths and diameters without risk of perforating the membranes, even in the presence of crests of less than 1 mm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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12 pages, 2059 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optical Behavior and Surface Analysis of Dental Resin Matrix Ceramics Related to Thermocycling and Finishing

by Liliana Porojan, Flavia Roxana Toma, Ion-Dragoș Uțu and Roxana Diana Vasiliu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4346; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094346 - 25 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1526

Abstract

Color preservation of esthetic dental restorative materials in the oral environment represents, besides longevity, a concern, and there is still limited knowledge related to the effect of aging on the optical behavior of resin matrix ceramics. The study analyzed the finishing and thermocycling [...] Read more.

Color preservation of esthetic dental restorative materials in the oral environment represents, besides longevity, a concern, and there is still limited knowledge related to the effect of aging on the optical behavior of resin matrix ceramics. The study analyzed the finishing and thermocycling of resin matrix ceramic material surfaces, in order to assess their consequences on optical properties. Five resin matrix CAD/CAM ceramics, namely a polymer-infiltrated ceramic and four types of nanoparticle-filled resins, were selected for the study, and finished by polishing and glazing. Thermocycling was chosen as the in vitro aging method. Surface microroughness, optical and hardness evaluations were achieved before and after artificial aging. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics software at a significance value of p < 0.05. Micro-roughness values increased after thermocycling, but were kept under the clinically accepted values. The optical characteristics of resin matrix ceramics were not significantly modified by thermocycling. Values of the glazed samples became closer to those of the polished ones, after hydrothermal aging, even if the differences were insignificant. Thermocycling significantly decreased the microhardness, mainly for glazed samples. This could be the consequence of glaze removal during thermocycling, which means that glazes provide a surface protection for a limited time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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Review

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23 pages, 1094 KiB

Open AccessReview

Preclinical Evaluation of Bioactive Scaffolds for the Treatment of Mandibular Critical-Sized Bone Defects: A Systematic Review

by Jana Desnica, Sanja Vujovic, Dragana Stanisic, Irena Ognjanovic, Bojan Jovicic, Momir Stevanovic and Gvozden Rosic

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4668; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084668 - 07 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1360

Abstract

This systematic review evaluated current in vivo research on regenerating critical-sized mandibular defects and discussed methodologies for mandibular bone tissue engineering. Out of the 3650 articles initially retrieved, 88 studies were included, and all studies that used a scaffold reported increased bone formation [...] Read more.

This systematic review evaluated current in vivo research on regenerating critical-sized mandibular defects and discussed methodologies for mandibular bone tissue engineering. Out of the 3650 articles initially retrieved, 88 studies were included, and all studies that used a scaffold reported increased bone formation compared to negative controls. Combining scaffolds with growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells improved bone formation and healing. Bone morphogenic proteins were widely used and promoted significant bone formation compared to controls. However, discrepancies between studies exist due to the various methodologies and outcome measures used. The use of scaffolds with bioactive molecules and/or progenitor cells enhances success in mandibular bone engineering. Scaffold-based mandibular bone tissue engineering could be introduced into clinical practice due to its proven safety, convenience, and cost-effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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12 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Appliance of A-PRF and CGF in the Treatment of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Extraction Sockets—Narrative Review

by Daniel Selahi, Maciej Spiegel, Jakub Hadzik, Artur Pitułaj, Filip Michalak, Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross and Marzena Dominiak

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010165 - 23 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1850

Abstract

Tooth extractions, especially of impacted lower third molars, are among the most common procedures performed in dental practices. The continuity of the patient’s oral mucosa, which is interrupted during them, can manifest itself in general discomfort, pain, swelling, and even trismus. In the [...] Read more.

Tooth extractions, especially of impacted lower third molars, are among the most common procedures performed in dental practices. The continuity of the patient’s oral mucosa, which is interrupted during them, can manifest itself in general discomfort, pain, swelling, and even trismus. In the age of cosmetic dentistry, when lost teeth are restored through implant, prosthetic, and orthodontic treatment, each tooth extraction actually reduces the amount of available alveolar bone. This has prompted researchers to develop extraction sockets treatment procedures that reduce the negative consequences of surgical intervention while also enhancing the rate of alveolar bone and soft tissue regeneration using minimally invasive approaches. This is expected to enable or significantly facilitate further stages of treatment. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the use of autologous blood preparations, which are considered to aid regenerative processes when applied to extraction sockets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

17 pages, 3948 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Molecular View on Biomaterials and Dental Stem Cells Interactions: Literature Review

by Fernando J. Aguilar-Ayala, Fernando J. Aguilar-Pérez, Geovanny I. Nic-Can, Rafael Rojas-Herrera, Gabriela Chuc-Gamboa, David Aguilar-Pérez and Beatriz A. Rodas-Junco

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 5815; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125815 - 08 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2363

Abstract

Biomaterials and stem cells are essential components in the field of regenerative medicine. Various biomaterials have been designed that have appropriate biochemical and biophysical characteristics to mimic the microenvironment of an extracellular matrix. Dental stem cells (DT-MSCs) represent a novel source for the [...] Read more.

Biomaterials and stem cells are essential components in the field of regenerative medicine. Various biomaterials have been designed that have appropriate biochemical and biophysical characteristics to mimic the microenvironment of an extracellular matrix. Dental stem cells (DT-MSCs) represent a novel source for the development of autologous therapies due to their easy availability. Although research on biomaterials and DT-MSCs has progressed, there are still challenges in the characteristics of biomaterials and the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the behavior of DT-MSCs. In this review, the characteristics of biomaterials are summarized, and their classification according to their source, bioactivity, and different biological effects on the expansion and differentiation of DT-MSCs is summarized. Finally, advances in research on the interaction of biomaterials and the molecular components involved (mechanosensors and mechanotransduction) in DT-MSCs during their proliferation and differentiation are analyzed. Understanding the molecular dynamics of DT-MSCs and biomaterials can contribute to research in regenerative medicine and the development of autologous stem cell therapies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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Other

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12 pages, 596 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effect of Plasma Treatment on Root Canal Sealers’ Adhesion to Intraradicular Dentin—A Systematic Review

by Inês Ferreira, Cláudia Lopes, Armando Ferreira, Filipe Vaz, Irene Pina-Vaz and Benjamín Martín-Biedma

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 8655; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158655 - 27 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 825

Abstract

This investigation aimed to assess, through a systematic review, the effect of non-thermal plasma treatments on root canal sealers’ adhesion to dentin. This study followed the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was undertaken without [...] Read more.

This investigation aimed to assess, through a systematic review, the effect of non-thermal plasma treatments on root canal sealers’ adhesion to dentin. This study followed the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was undertaken without limits on time or language, until May 2023, in PubMed–MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, OpenGrey, and three endodontic journals. The included studies underwent quality assessment and data extraction. Out of an initial 188 articles, 4 studies were included. Three of these studies based the adhesion ability on the push-out test in human extracted teeth, while the other used bovine dentin samples to measure the contact angle with the sealer (wettability). While there was no consensus about the effect of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on the AH Plus sealer’s adhesion to radicular dentin, NTP seemed to positively influence the adhesion ability of BioRoot RCS and Endosequence BC. The findings of the present review should be interpreted cautiously due to the scarcity of studies on the topic. The NTP parameters should be optimized to obtain a stronger evidence base in endodontics on its role as an adjuvant tool to increase sealers’ adhesion to dentin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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11 pages, 1584 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Prediction of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction Using Linear and Angular Measurements in Young Adult Orthopantomograms

by Stefano Mummolo, Gianni Gallusi, Enrico M. Strappa, Filippo Grilli, Antronella Mattei, Fabiana Fiasca, Fabrizio Bambini and Lucia Memè

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4637; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074637 - 06 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1709

Abstract

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate a possible correlation between the characteristics of the mandibular ramus and lower third molar impaction by comparing a group of subjects with an impacted lower third molar and a second group with normal eruption for an early [...] Read more.

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate a possible correlation between the characteristics of the mandibular ramus and lower third molar impaction by comparing a group of subjects with an impacted lower third molar and a second group with normal eruption for an early prediction of this pathology. This comparison was made using linear and angular measurements, which were taken on digital panoramic radiographs. Materials and methods: A total of 726 orthopantomographs (OPT) were examined, and 81 were considered suitable for the present study. The results were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. The control group comprised 38 cases in which patients had at least one lower third molar that had erupted, and the experimental group comprised 43 cases in which patients had at least one lower third molar that was impacted or partially impacted. In total, 16 variables (11 linear, 4 angular, and 1 ratio) were determined and measured by an experienced observer. Results: The control group had a larger retromolar space, a larger impaction angle and a higher ratio of retromolar area to the third molar, compared to the experimental group. In contrast, the experimental group showed a deeper sigmoid notch depth than the control group did. In the control group, moderate positive correlations were found between both the length of the coronoid and the width of the third molar, and the retromolar space. Furthermore, in the experimental group, moderate positive correlations were found between both the angular condyle–coronoid process and the inclination of the lower posterior teeth, and the retromolar space. Conclusion: this study showed that the angle of a lower third molar, in relation to mandibular pain, can be an index for predicting tooth inclusion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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12 pages, 3286 KiB

Open AccessHypothesis

Reverse Guided Bone Regeneration (R-GBR) Digital Workflow for Atrophic Jaws Rehabilitation

by Pietro Felice, Giuseppe Lizio, Carlo Barausse, Lorenzo Roccoli, Lorenzo Bonifazi, Roberto Pistilli, Massimo Simion and Gerardo Pellegrino

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9947; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199947 - 03 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1530

Abstract

Background: Treating extended alveolar defects is challenging for their irregular shape and lack of hard and soft tissues. Virtual planned guided bone regeneration (GBR) with customized meshes aims to optimize the treatment by reducing the risk of dehiscence. The mucosa characteristics are [...] Read more.

Background: Treating extended alveolar defects is challenging for their irregular shape and lack of hard and soft tissues. Virtual planned guided bone regeneration (GBR) with customized meshes aims to optimize the treatment by reducing the risk of dehiscence. The mucosa characteristics are crucial in preserving the bone graft covering and vitality. Methods: Two three-dimensional and extended defects, a mandibular posterior and anterior maxillary atrophy were reconstructed with a particulate graft and a digitally customized scaffold. The workflow entailed merging the pre-operatory clinical related data from intra-oral scanning with the radiologic ones from cone beam-CT. A final ideal prediction of the soft tissue relationship with the implant-borne prosthesis was virtually elaborated, conditioning the design of the titanium membrane fitting the bone defects. Results: A good matching between the scaffold and the bone surface was intra-operatory noted; no complications were registered in the first months of healing with complete integrity of the soft tissues above the graft. Conclusions: A careful evaluation of the soft tissues and a forecast of their final relationship with the implant and prosthesis can improve digital mesh/membrane manufacturing with a suitable healing process up to implant placement and loading, favoring peri-implant tissue stability over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects - Volume II)

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