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Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Health

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 8448

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Dr. Christina Chrysohoou

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Guest Editor

First Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: heart failure; cardiovascular epidemiology; cardiovascular imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Alexandra Foscolou

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
2. Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
3. School of Arts and Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Interests: nutritional epidemiology; Mediterranean diet; lifestyle; cardiovascular disease; aging; healthy aging; successful aging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Dear Colleagues,

The Mediterranean dietary pattern is a healthy approach designed to reduce the consumption of animal fats and cholesterol, with the right balance between energy consumption and expenditure, and is characterized by a balanced consumption of foods rich in fiber, antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids. However, this pattern also includes other behaviors, such as daily physical activity, low levels of stress and healthy habits that may lead to longevity and healthy aging.

Accordingly, the Mediterranean diet has been widely studied for its cardiometabolic properties and the beneficial effects it offers on health. Several studies and meta-analyses have shown that the beneficial effects come from the synergistic effect of various nutrients of the Mediterranean diet and not from a single ingredient.

Thus, this Special Issue on ‘Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Health’ seeks to gather and/or address some gaps by publishing selected papers detailing specific aspects of the Mediterranean dietary pattern and its components that could play a role in maintaining cardiovascular health with advancing age.

Dr. Christina Chrysohoou
Dr. Alexandra Foscolou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

mediterranean dietary pattern
nutrition
mediterranean lifestyle
cardiovascular health
cvd risk factors
prevention
aging
healthy aging

Published Papers (3 papers)

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15 pages, 740 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Habitual Dietary Patterns, Nutrient Intakes, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among New Zealand Adults: The NZ MED Cross-Sectional Study

by Amy L. Lovell, Rajshri Roy, Alana Klein, Alana Cavadino, Meika Foster, Jeremy D. Krebs, Andrea Braakhuis and Troy L. Merry

Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2663; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122663 - 07 Jun 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2042

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern reduces the incidence of diet-related diseases. To date, the habitual dietary intake of New Zealand (NZ) adults has not been examined in relation to its alignment with a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern. This study aimed to define the habitual dietary patterns, nutrient intakes, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a sample of 1012 NZ adults (86% female, mean age 48 ± 16 years) who had their diabetes risk defined by the Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool (AUSDRISK). Dietary intakes were collected using a validated semi-quantitative NZ food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Reported intakes from the FFQ were used in conjunction with the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) to determine adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Mixed linear models were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and MSDPS with demographics, health factors, and nutrient intakes. Two distinct dietary patterns were identified: Discretionary (positive loadings on processed meat, meat/poultry, fast food, sweet drinks, and sugar, sweets, and baked good) and Guideline (positive loadings on vegetables, eggs/beans, and fruits). Adherence to dietary patterns and diet quality was associated with age and ethnicity. Dietary patterns were also associated with sex. Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern defined by the MSDPS was low, indicating that a significant shift in food choices will be required if the Mediterranean Diet is to be adopted in the NZ population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Health)

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14 pages, 2053 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mediterranean Diet and Atrial Fibrillation: Lessons Learned from the AFHRI Case–Control Study

by Felix Alexander Neumann, Bettina Jagemann, Nataliya Makarova, Christin Susanna Börschel, Ghazal Aarabi, Friederike Gutmann, Renate B. Schnabel and Birgit-Christiane Zyriax

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3615; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173615 - 01 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3227

Abstract

A relationship between lifestyle, diet, and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. Except for alcohol consumption, AF guidelines do not differentiate specific advice for this rhythm disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adherence to healthy dietary patterns and the presence of AF, among 104 low risk participants from the 1:1 matched case–control AFHRI (Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Individuals) study. Dietary data were obtained using a three-day food record. Adapted German versions of the validated 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the validated eight-item Healthy Eating Index (HEI) from the Epic Study served as the basis for data derivation. The median age of the study participants was 63.0 years, 73.1% were men. In multivariable adjusted binary logistic regression analyses, we found inverse associations between both dietary indices (MEDAS: Median = 3, HEI: Median = 54.9) and the presence of AF (odds ratio for MEDAS: 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.91, odds ratio for HEI: 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.95). Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the extent to which high quality dietary patterns such as a Mediterranean diet influence the onset and natural history of AF, in order to provide dietary counselling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Health)

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17 pages, 984 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Lifestyle Profile of Individuals with Cardiovascular and Endocrine Diseases in Cyprus: A Hierarchical, Classification Analysis

by Maria Kyprianidou, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Konstantinos C. Makris, Maria Kambanaros, Costas A. Christophi and Konstantinos Giannakou

Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081559 - 08 Apr 2022

Viewed by 2362

Abstract

The study aims to explore the lifestyle profile of adult individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in Cyprus. Age and sex-specific analyses were applied. A representative sample of the general adult population was recruited during 2018–2019 using stratified sampling among the five government-controlled municipalities of the Republic of Cyprus. Data on Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of sleep, smoking status, physical activity, Body Mass Index, and the presence of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases were collected using a validated questionnaire. Diseases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). A total of 1140 men and women over 18 years old (range: 18–94) participated in the study. The prevalence of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases among the adult general population of Cyprus was 24.8% and 17.2%, respectively, with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in men, and a higher prevalence of endocrine diseases in women. Among individuals with cardiovascular disease, 23.3% were aged between 18–44 years old, while the corresponding percentage among endocrine disease individuals was 48%. The prevalence of smoking, physical activity, a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, poor quality of sleep and obesity among the study population was 35.5%, 48.0%, 32.9%, 39.0% and 13.6%, respectively. Individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases were characterized by poor quality of sleep, inadequate physical activity, and a higher BMI. This is the first study in Cyprus exploring the profile of individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in Cyprus. Health promotion and educational programs focusing on the importance of sleep quality, healthier dietary habits, physical activity, and lower BMIs among people with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases should be developed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Health)

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