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Nutrients
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The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Cardiovascular Diseases
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The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2020) | Viewed by 17029

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Herminia González-Navarro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
2. Health Research Institute Clinic Hospital of Valencia – INCLIVA, Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: metabolic control; inflammation; diabetes; atherosclerosis; fatty liver
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sergio Martínez-Hervás

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia and Endocrinology, 46010 Valencia, Spain
2. Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
3. INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
4. CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: diabetes; dyslipidemia; insulin resistance; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; inflammation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cholesterol metabolism derangement leads to hypercholesterolemia, which is a classical risk factor of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many studies over the last decades have demonstrated that elevated cholesterol levels are a combination of genetic predisposition and the effect of environmental factors. The manifestation of these might produce a change in the expression of metabolic enzymes, impair intracellular signaling pathways, induce a failure in metabolic sensors or alter the expression of metabolic regulators such as non-coding RNAs. These changes affect many cellular types, including immune cells, platelets, vascular cells, and cardiomyocytes, which have been partially deciphered but need further understanding.

This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Cardiovascular Diseases”, welcomes the submission of manuscripts describing original research, reviews of the scientific literature systematic reviews or meta-analyses. The proposed manuscripts should cover the origin and the effect of high cholesterol levels in CVD by providing description of molecular mechanisms operating in metabolic tissues, in the immune system and in the vascular bed.

Dr. Herminia González-Navarro
Dr. Sergio Martínez-Hervás
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cholesterol
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Cardiomyocytes
  • Lipoproteins
  • Immune cells
  • Inflammation
  • Endothelial dysfunction
  • Vascular remodeling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3259 KiB  
Article
Srebf2 Locus Overexpression Reduces Body Weight, Total Cholesterol and Glucose Levels in Mice Fed with Two Different Diets
by Irene Andrés-Blasco, Sebastian Blesa, Ángela Vinué, Herminia González-Navarro, José Tomás Real, Sergio Martínez-Hervás, Julián Carretero, Antonio Ferrández-Izquierdo, Felipe Javier Chaves and Ana-Bárbara García-García
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3130; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103130 - 14 Oct 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2741
Abstract
Macronutrients represent risk factors for hyperlipidemia or diabetes. Lipid alterations and type 2 diabetes mellitus are global health problems. Overexpression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor (Srebf2) in transgenic animals is linked to elevated cholesterol levels and diabetes development. We investigated the [...] Read more.
Macronutrients represent risk factors for hyperlipidemia or diabetes. Lipid alterations and type 2 diabetes mellitus are global health problems. Overexpression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor (Srebf2) in transgenic animals is linked to elevated cholesterol levels and diabetes development. We investigated the impact of increased Srebf2 locus expression and the effects of control and high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diets on body weight, glucose and lipid metabolisms in transgenic mice (S-mice). Wild type (WT) and S-mice were fed with both diets for 16 weeks. Plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were assessed (n = 25). Immunostainings were performed in liver, pancreas and fat (N = 10). Expression of Ldlr and Hmgcr in liver was performed by RT-PCR (N = 8). Control diet: S-mice showed reduced weight, insulin, total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). HFHS diet widened differences in weight, total and HDL cholesterol, insulin and HOMA index but increased TG in S-mice. In S-mice, adipocyte size was lower while HFHS diet produced lower increase, pancreatic β-cell mass was lower with both diets and Srebf2, Ldlr and Hmgcr mRNA levels were higher while HFHS diet produced a rise in Srebf2 and Hmgcr levels. Srebf2 complete gene overexpression seems to have beneficial effects on metabolic parameters and to protect against HFHS diet effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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10 pages, 381 KiB  
Article
Serum Malondialdehyde-Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein Is a Risk Factor for Central Arterial Stiffness in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
by Jia-Sian Hou, Chih-Hsien Wang, Yu-Hsien Lai, Chiu-Huang Kuo, Yu-Li Lin, Bang-Gee Hsu and Jen-Pi Tsai
Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 2160; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072160 - 21 Jul 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2948
Abstract
Circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) acts as a marker of oxidative stress and is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The relationship between serum MDA-LDL levels and aortic stiffness (AS) in patients with hemodialysis (HD) was evaluated. There were 155 HD patients enrolled in [...] Read more.
Circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) acts as a marker of oxidative stress and is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The relationship between serum MDA-LDL levels and aortic stiffness (AS) in patients with hemodialysis (HD) was evaluated. There were 155 HD patients enrolled in this study. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured by a validated tonometry system. Patients with cfPWV >10 m/s were used to define the AS group, while those with values of ≤10 m/s were regarded as the control group. Serum MDA-LDL levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sixty-eight patients (43.9%) who were defined as AS sufferers, and were older, had a higher percentage of diabetes and hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure and serum MDA-LDL level compared to subjects in the control group. After adjusting for factors significantly associated with AS by multivariable logistic regression analysis, it was revealed that serum MDA-LDL levels, diabetes, and hypertension were independent predictors of AS in HD patients. Multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis also showed that a logarithmically transformed MDA-LDL level was significantly correlated with cfPWV values in HD patients. In HD patients, a high serum MDA-LDL level was positively associated with cfPWV values and was a significant predictor of the development of high AS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Review

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19 pages, 2626 KiB  
Review
Impact of Cholesterol Metabolism in Immune Cell Function and Atherosclerosis
by María Aguilar-Ballester, Andrea Herrero-Cervera, Ángela Vinué, Sergio Martínez-Hervás and Herminia González-Navarro
Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 2021; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072021 - 07 Jul 2020
Cited by 80 | Viewed by 10523
Abstract
Cholesterol, the most important sterol in mammals, helps maintain plasma membrane fluidity and is a precursor of bile acids, oxysterols, and steroid hormones. Cholesterol in the body is obtained from the diet or can be de novo synthetized. Cholesterol homeostasis is mainly regulated [...] Read more.
Cholesterol, the most important sterol in mammals, helps maintain plasma membrane fluidity and is a precursor of bile acids, oxysterols, and steroid hormones. Cholesterol in the body is obtained from the diet or can be de novo synthetized. Cholesterol homeostasis is mainly regulated by the liver, where cholesterol is packed in lipoproteins for transport through a tightly regulated process. Changes in circulating lipoprotein cholesterol levels lead to atherosclerosis development, which is initiated by an accumulation of modified lipoproteins in the subendothelial space; this induces significant changes in immune cell differentiation and function. Beyond lesions, cholesterol levels also play important roles in immune cells such as monocyte priming, neutrophil activation, hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, and enhanced T cell production. In addition, changes in cholesterol intracellular metabolic enzymes or transporters in immune cells affect their signaling and phenotype differentiation, which can impact on atherosclerosis development. In this review, we describe the main regulatory pathways and mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism and how these affect immune cell generation, proliferation, activation, and signaling in the context of atherosclerosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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