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Nutrients
Special Issues
Nutrition Intervention in Liver Health and Disease
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Nutrition Intervention in Liver Health and Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 August 2024 | Viewed by 13140

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lili Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, China
2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
Interests: fatty liver diseases; diabetes; molecular nutrition; NAD metabolism; food bioactive components

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet and nutrition are key regulators of liver function. The liver is not only a major organ for nutrient metabolism, but also senses the nutrient status of the body and responds correspondingly. Unbalanced diet, heavy alcohol consumption, and drug use are major risk factors for liver damage. Proper interventions are required to protect liver function or reverse damaged liver function.

This Special Issue aims to collect high-quality research concerning the influence of diet and nutrition on liver diseases and disorders. Submissions focused on liver diseases of various etiologies are welcome in the form of reports of original research (longitudinal studies, health promotion intervention studies, qualitative research, epidemiology, basic research, omics, microbiota, etc.) or reviews (systematic reviews, meta-analyses).

Prof. Dr. Lili Yang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fatty liver
  • liver fibrosis
  • steatohepatitis
  • liver cirrhosis and cancer
  • nutrition
  • microbiota
  • metabolomics
  • proteomics
  • transcriptomics
  • signaling pathways

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4315 KiB  
Article
5-Heptadecylresorcinol Improves Aging-Associated Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation Dysfunction via Regulating Adipose Sirtuin 3
by Kuiliang Zhang, Lei Jiang, Lamei Xue, Yu Wang, Yujie Sun, Mingcong Fan, Haifeng Qian, Li Wang and Yan Li
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 978; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070978 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 492
Abstract
Aging-associated hepatic fatty acid (FA) oxidation dysfunction contributes to impaired adaptive thermogenesis. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17) is a prominent functional component of whole wheat and rye, and has been demonstrated to improve the thermogenic capacity of aged mice via the regulation of Sirt3. However, the [...] Read more.
Aging-associated hepatic fatty acid (FA) oxidation dysfunction contributes to impaired adaptive thermogenesis. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17) is a prominent functional component of whole wheat and rye, and has been demonstrated to improve the thermogenic capacity of aged mice via the regulation of Sirt3. However, the effect of AR-C17 on aging-associated hepatic FA oxidation dysfunction remains unclear. Here, 18-month-old C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with AR-C17 at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatic FA oxidation, and the lipolysis of white adipose tissues (WAT) were measured. The results showed that AR-C17 improved the hepatic FA oxidation, and especially acylcarnitine metabolism, of aged mice during cold stimulation, with the enhancement of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Meanwhile, AR-C17 improved the WAT lipolysis of aged mice, promoting hepatic acylcarnitine production. Furthermore, the adipose-specific Sirt3 knockout mice were used to investigate and verify the regulation mechanism of AR-C17 on aging-associated hepatic FA oxidation dysfunction. The results showed that AR-C17 failed to improve the WAT lipolysis and hepatic FA oxidation of aged mice in the absence of adipose Sirt3, indicating that AR-C17 might indirectly influence hepatic FA oxidation via regulating WAT Sirt3. Our findings suggest that AR-C17 might improve aging-associated hepatic FA oxidation dysfunction via regulating adipose Sirt3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intervention in Liver Health and Disease)
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18 pages, 5008 KiB  
Article
Cholesterol Exacerbates the Pathophysiology of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Upregulating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 and Modulating Microcirculatory Dysfunction
by Evelyn Nunes Goulart da Silva Pereira, Beatriz Peres de Araujo, Karine Lino Rodrigues, Raquel Rangel Silvares, Fernanda Verdini Guimarães, Carolina Souza Machado Martins, Edgar Eduardo Ilaquita Flores, Patrícia Machado Rodrigues e Silva and Anissa Daliry
Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5034; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245034 - 08 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1146
Abstract
Cholesterol is a pivotal lipotoxic molecule that contributes to the progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH). Additionally, microcirculatory changes are critical components of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of cholesterol as an insult that modulates microcirculatory [...] Read more.
Cholesterol is a pivotal lipotoxic molecule that contributes to the progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH). Additionally, microcirculatory changes are critical components of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of cholesterol as an insult that modulates microcirculatory damage in NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms. The experimental model was established in male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 39 weeks. Between weeks 31–39, 2% cholesterol was added to the HFHC diet in a subgroup of mice. Leukocyte recruitment and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation in microcirculation were assessed using intravital microscopy. The hepatic microvascular blood flow (HMBF) was measured using laser speckle flowmetry. High cholesterol levels exacerbated hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and leukocyte recruitment compared to the HFHC group. In addition, cholesterol decreased the HMBF—cholesterol-induced activation of HSC and increased HIF1A expression in the liver. Furthermore, cholesterol promoted a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile with a Th1-type immune response (IFN-γ/IL-4). These findings suggest cholesterol exacerbates NAFLD progression through microcirculatory dysfunction and HIF1A upregulation through hypoxia and inflammation. This study highlights the importance of cholesterol-induced lipotoxicity, which causes microcirculatory dysfunction associated with NAFLD pathology, thus reinforcing the potential of lipotoxicity and microcirculation as therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intervention in Liver Health and Disease)
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11 pages, 1059 KiB  
Article
Effect of Intake of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Mortality in a South Italian Cohort with and without NAFLD
by Caterina Bonfiglio, Francesco Cuccaro, Angelo Campanella, Natalia Rosso, Rossella Tatoli, Gianluigi Giannelli and Rossella Donghia
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4593; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214593 - 29 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1702
Abstract
Background: Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the main source of seasoning fat in the Mediterranean diet and it is one of the components with known protective factors on chronic-degenerative disease. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a medium-high level of oil consumption [...] Read more.
Background: Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the main source of seasoning fat in the Mediterranean diet and it is one of the components with known protective factors on chronic-degenerative disease. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a medium-high level of oil consumption on mortality in a cohort with good adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Methods: A total of 2754 subjects who had completed the food questionnaire in the Multicenter Italian study on Cholelithiasis (MICOL) cohort were included in the study. EVOO consumption was categorized in four levels (<20 g/die, 21–30 g/die, 31–40 g/die, >40 g/die). We performed a flexible parametric survival model to assess mortality by EVOO consumption level adjusted for some covariates. We also performed the analysis on subjects with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to evaluate the effects of oil in this more fragile sub-cohort. Results: We found a statistically significant negative effect on mortality for the whole sample when EVOO consumption was used, both as a continuous variable and when categorized. The protective effect was stronger in the sub-cohort with NAFLD, especially for the highest levels of EVOO consumption (HR = 0.58 with p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study has shown a protective effect of EVOO consumption towards all causes of mortality. Despite the higher caloric intake, the protective power is greater for a consumption >40 g/day in both the overall cohort and the sub-cohorts with and without NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intervention in Liver Health and Disease)
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11 pages, 825 KiB  
Article
Association between Dietary Niacin Intake and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: NHANES 2003–2018
by Jie Pan, Yuhua Hu, Nengzhi Pang and Lili Yang
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4128; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194128 - 25 Sep 2023
Viewed by 2306
Abstract
Evidence regarding the association between dietary niacin intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is limited. The objective of this study was to examine the association of dietary niacin intake with NAFLD. Subjects aged 20 years and older who participated in the National [...] Read more.
Evidence regarding the association between dietary niacin intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is limited. The objective of this study was to examine the association of dietary niacin intake with NAFLD. Subjects aged 20 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2018 were included in this study. Dietary niacin intake was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls. NAFLD was defined using the United States fatty liver index (US-FLI). Weighted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to examine the association between dietary niacin and NAFLD. Of the 12,355 participants in this study, 4378 had NAFLD. There is no evident nonlinear relationship between dietary niacin intake and the presence of NAFLD in the restricted cubic spline regression (poverall < 0.001; pnon-linearity = 0.068). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD were 0.84 (0.68–1.03), 0.80 (0.65–0.97), and 0.69 (0.55–0.85), respectively, when comparing the second, third, and fourth quartiles of niacin intake levels to the lowest quartile (ptrend = 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the effect of niacin intake on NAFLD varied in the group with or without hypertension (pinteraction = 0.033). In conclusion, our results indicate that higher dietary niacin intake may be associated with a lower likelihood of NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intervention in Liver Health and Disease)
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10 pages, 262 KiB  
Article
Association of Diet Quality with Metabolic (Dysfunction) Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Veterans in Primary Care
by Natalia I. Heredia, Aaron P. Thrift, David J. Ramsey, Rohit Loomba and Hashem B. El-Serag
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2598; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112598 - 01 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1520
Abstract
Background: Diet is associated with metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), but the dietary composition associated with MAFLD risk has not been well-examined. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the association of two healthy eating indices with the presence and [...] Read more.
Background: Diet is associated with metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), but the dietary composition associated with MAFLD risk has not been well-examined. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the association of two healthy eating indices with the presence and severity of MAFLD in a sample of Veterans in a primary care setting. Methods: This was a single center cross-sectional study using a random stratified sample of Veterans enrolled in primary care. Participants underwent a Fibroscan and completed an interviewer-administered Diet History Questionnaire II from which we calculated the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess associations of dietary quality with MAFLD. Results: We analyzed data from 187 participants, 53.5% of whom were female. On average, participants were 50.2 years of age (SD, 12.3 years) with an average BMI of 31.7 kg/m2. MAFLD was detected in 78 (42%) and at least moderate fibrosis in 12 (6%) participants. We found that the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score was inversely associated with MAFLD (adjusted OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.72–1.00), but controlling for BMI and total energy intake attenuated the association (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.74–1.15). We found no statistically significant associations between the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and MAFLD or advanced fibrosis. Discussion: We found that the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score was significantly associated with lower MAFLD risk in Veterans; however, the association was mediated by BMI and total energy intake. A Mediterranean-style diet could potentially help reduce the risk of MAFLD, particularly if it helps control total energy intake and weight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intervention in Liver Health and Disease)
12 pages, 747 KiB  
Article
Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by Hui-Ju Tsai, Wei-Chun Hung, Wei-Wen Hung, Yen-Jung Lee, Yo-Chia Chen, Chun-Ying Lee, Yi-Chun Tsai and Chia-Yen Dai
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1712; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071712 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2006
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health concern. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD has been related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the relationship between short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and NAFLD severity is ambiguous in T2D subjects. [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health concern. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD has been related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the relationship between short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and NAFLD severity is ambiguous in T2D subjects. This study aimed to explore the association of SCFAs with the severity of NAFLD in T2D patients. (2) Methods: We employed echography to examine the severity of hepatic steatosis. The serum levels of nine SCFAs, namely, formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, methylbutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and methylvalerate, were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. (3) Results: A total of 259 T2D patients was enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Of these participants, 117 with moderate to severe NAFLD had lower levels of formate, isobutyrate, and methylbutyrate than the 142 without NAFLD or with mild NAFLD. Lower circulating levels of isobutyrate and methylbutyrate were associated with an increased severity of NAFLD. A relationship between NAFLD severity and circulating isobutyrate and methylbutyrate levels was found independently of a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level of 7.0%. (4) Conclusion: Circulating levels of isobutyrate and methylbutyrate were significantly and negatively correlated with NAFLD severity in the enrolled T2D patients. SCFAs may be related to NAFLD severity in T2D patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intervention in Liver Health and Disease)
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17 pages, 4848 KiB  
Article
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Precursor Suppresses Hepatocellular Cancer Progression in Mice
by Nengzhi Pang, Qianrong Hu, Yujia Zhou, Ying Xiao, Wenli Li, Yijie Ding, Yunan Chen, Mingtong Ye, Lei Pei, Qiuyan Li, Yingying Gu, Yan Sun, Evandro Fei Fang, Mianrong Chen, Zhenfeng Zhang and Lili Yang
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1447; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061447 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3222
Abstract
Targeting Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism has emerged as a promising anti-cancer strategy; we aimed to explore the health benefits of boosting NAD levels with nicotinamide riboside (NR) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We established three in vivo tumor models, including subcutaneous transplantation tumor [...] Read more.
Targeting Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism has emerged as a promising anti-cancer strategy; we aimed to explore the health benefits of boosting NAD levels with nicotinamide riboside (NR) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We established three in vivo tumor models, including subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in both Balb/c nude mice (xenograft), C57BL/6J mice (allograft), and hematogenous metastatic neoplasm in nude mice. NR (400 mg/kg bw) was supplied daily in gavage. In-situ tumor growth or noninvasive bioluminescence were measured to evaluate the effect of NR on the HCC process. HepG2 cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the absence/presence of NR in vitro. We found that NR supplementation alleviated malignancy-induced weight loss and metastasis to lung in nude mice in both subcutaneous xenograft and hematogenous metastasis models. NR supplementation decreased metastasis to the bone and liver in the hematogenous metastasis model. NR supplementation also significantly decreased the size of allografted tumors and extended the survival time in C57BL/6J mice. In vitro experiments showed that NR intervention inhibited the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells triggered by TGF-β. In summary, our results supply evidence that boosting NAD levels by supplementing NR alleviates HCC progression and metastasis, which may serve as an effective treatment for the suppression of HCC progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intervention in Liver Health and Disease)
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