Nutrition and Energy Expenditure with Physical Activity or Physical Performance

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2024 | Viewed by 1330

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Senior Lecturer in Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Brighton Hillbrow, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SR, UK
Interests: mindful eating and mental health in young adults; eating disorders in athletes; exercise and diet effects on mental health; lifestyle interventions of diet and exercise in peri- and postmenopausal women and older adults; obesity; type 2 diabetes
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy balance and its ensuing effects have a pivotal role in physical and mental health, Exercise capacity and recreational and competitive sports performance have been well documented in the literature in relation to energy balance. The nutritional status of a person and/or an athlete in conjunction with their level of energy expenditure from daily activities and primarily exercise training can determine a person’s health and adaptations to exercise. Despite the abundant scientific evidence in the research literature on the importance of energy balance and nutritional statuses on exercise capacity and training, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of dysregulated energy expenditure on physical activity and sports performance is still lacking. On the one hand, chronic imbalances of positive energy intake and lowered energy expenditure in the general population are known to lead to excess fat storage, obesity and limitations in exercise participation and adherence. On the other hand, a long-term negative energy balance via extreme energy expenditure and limited energy intake in competitive athletes can accentuate the physical and mental challenges that athletes experience, and adversely affect immunity, health status and wellbeing.

Dr. Ifigenia Giannopoulou
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sports nutrition
  • athletes nutrition
  • energy expenditure
  • energy balance
  • physical activity

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1289 KiB  
Article
Association between Low Energy Availability (LEA) and Impaired Sleep Quality in Young Rugby Players
by Oussama Saidi, Maher Souabni, Giovanna C. Del Sordo, Clément Maviel, Paul Peyrel, Freddy Maso, Fabrice Vercruyssen and Pascale Duché
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 609; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050609 - 23 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1115
Abstract
Low energy availability (LEA) has been associated with several physiological consequences, but its impact on sleep has not been sufficiently investigated, especially in the context of young athletes. This study examined the potential association between energy availability (EA) status and objective sleep quality [...] Read more.
Low energy availability (LEA) has been associated with several physiological consequences, but its impact on sleep has not been sufficiently investigated, especially in the context of young athletes. This study examined the potential association between energy availability (EA) status and objective sleep quality in 42 male rugby players (mean age: 16.2 ± 0.8 years) during a 7-day follow-up with fixed sleep schedules in the midst of an intensive training phase. Participants’ energy intake was weighed and recorded. Exercise expenditure was estimated using accelerometry. Portable polysomnography devices captured sleep on the last night of the follow-up. Mean EA was 29.3 ± 9.14 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1, with 47.6% of athletes presenting LEA, 35.7% Reduced Energy Availability (REA), and 16.7% Optimal Energy Availability (OEA). Lower sleep efficiency (SE) and N3 stage proportion, along with higher wake after sleep onset (WASO), were found in participants with LEA compared to those with OEA (p = 0.04, p = 0.03 and p = 0.005, respectively, with large effect sizes). Segmented regression models of the EA-sleep outcomes (SE, sleep onset latency [SOL]), WASO and N3) relationships displayed two separate linear regions and produced a best fit with a breakpoint between 21–33 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1. Below these thresholds, sleep quality declines considerably. It is imperative for athletic administrators, nutritionists, and coaches to conscientiously consider the potential impact of LEA on young athletes’ sleep, especially during periods of heavy training. Full article
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