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Nutrients
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Nutrients as Risk Factors and Treatments for Gestational Diabetes
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Nutrients as Risk Factors and Treatments for Gestational Diabetes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2024 | Viewed by 5183

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Clive J. Petry

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
Interests: diabetes; metabolism; hypertension; growth; development; imprinted genes; biomarkers; nutritional therapies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy affecting 20 million women worldwide each year. Its prevalence is rising as part of a diabetes pandemic. Nutrition plays a key role in GDM, whether (1) as part of an ‘unhealthy’ diet, which contributes to its cause, or (2) as part of changes in dietary intake, which act as the frontline treatment for GDM (sometimes supplemented with increased activity and pharmacological intervention). Dietary changes, therefore, can alter the risk of developing GDM in the first place, and once GDM has emerged during pregnancy, dietary changes can mitigate the risk of developing GDM-related complications, such as neonatal macrosomia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia and jaundice, and maternal pre‑eclampsia, Caesarean section and placental abruption. In this Special Issue, we aim to highlight the role of nutrition in the etiology of GDM, whether directly or indirectly through weight gain and obesity, and in its role as a GDM treatment to lower hyperglycemia and the risk of the aforementioned complications.

Dr. Clive J. Petry
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • pregnancy
  • obesity
  • insulin resistance
  • dietary intake
  • carbohydrate
  • glycemic index
  • lipids
  • fiber
  • micronutrients

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 230 KiB  
Editorial
Nutrients as Risk Factors and Treatments for Gestational Diabetes
by Clive J. Petry
Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4716; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224716 - 08 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1297
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM), traditionally defined as any form of glucose intolerance first detected in pregnancy [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients as Risk Factors and Treatments for Gestational Diabetes)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

14 pages, 1519 KiB  
Article
Weight Categories, Trajectories, Eating Behavior, and Metabolic Consequences during Pregnancy and Postpartum in Women with GDM
by Sybille Schenk, Yann Ravussin, Alain Lacroix, Dan Yedu Quansah and Jardena J. Puder
Nutrients 2024, 16(4), 560; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040560 - 18 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1025
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study investigated weight trajectories, eating behaviors, and metabolic consequences in women with GDM during pregnancy and postpartum according to pre-pregnancy BMI. We prospectively included [...] Read more.
Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study investigated weight trajectories, eating behaviors, and metabolic consequences in women with GDM during pregnancy and postpartum according to pre-pregnancy BMI. We prospectively included 464 women with GDM. Intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2 questionnaire), gestational weight gain (GWG), postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 6–8 weeks and 1-year postpartum, and glucose intolerance (prediabetes and diabetes) at 1-year were assessed. Women with obesity (WOB) had lower GWG but gained more weight in the postpartum (p < 0.0001). PPWR at 1-year did not differ across BMI categories (p = 0.63), whereas postpartum weight loss was most pronounced in women with normal weight (p < 0.0001), and within this category, in their lowest tertile (p < 0.05). Intuitive eating was not linked to perinatal weight changes but differed among BMI categories. PPWR predicted a 2.5-fold increased risk of glucose intolerance at 1-year independent of pre-pregnancy BMI (p < 0.001), and the adverse metabolic impact of PPWR was most pronounced in WOB with odds of increased risk of glucose intolerance 8.9 times higher (95% CI 2.956;26.968). These findings suggest an adaptive capacity to relatively rapid weight changes in the perinatal period that is less present with higher BMI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients as Risk Factors and Treatments for Gestational Diabetes)
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15 pages, 294 KiB  
Article
Association of Maternal Diet with Infant Birthweight in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
by Aikaterini Apostolopoulou, Antigoni Tranidou, Violeta Chroni, Ioannis Tsakiridis, Emmanuella Magriplis, Themistoklis Dagklis and Michail Chourdakis
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4545; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214545 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1454
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential impact of pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy maternal nutrition on the incidence of small-for-gestational-age neonates (SGA) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted between 2020 and 2022 at the [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential impact of pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy maternal nutrition on the incidence of small-for-gestational-age neonates (SGA) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted between 2020 and 2022 at the 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece). Pregnant women from routine care were surveyed about their dietary habits during two distinct periods: six months prior to pregnancy (period A) and from the onset of pregnancy until the oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 gestational weeks (period B). The intake of various micronutrients and macronutrients was quantified from the questionnaire responses. Logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders including age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking status, physical activity and parity, were used to evaluate the association between nutrient intake and small-for-gestational-age neonate incidence. Results: In total, 850 women were screened and of these, 90 (11%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and were included in the study. There were significant associations between the intake of specific nutrients and the occurrence of small-for-gestational-age neonates; higher fat intake compared to non-small for gestationa age during period B (aOR: 1.1, p = 0.005) was associated with an increased risk for small-for-gestational-age neonates, while lower intake of carbohydrates (g) (aOR: 0.95, p = 0.005), fiber intake (aOR: 0.79, p = 0.045), magnesium (aOR: 0.96, p = 0.019), and copper (aOR:0.01, p = 0.018) intake during period B were significantly associated with a decreased risk for small-for-gestational-age neonates. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the potential role of maternal nutrition in modulating the risk of small for gestational age neonatesamong women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The results advocate for further research on the assessment and modification of both pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy nutrition for women, especially those at higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients as Risk Factors and Treatments for Gestational Diabetes)
12 pages, 1605 KiB  
Article
Serum Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids and Risk of Maternal Gestational Diabetes and Adverse Growth Patterns in Offspring
by Ninghua Li, Jing Li, Hui Wang, Yijuan Qiao, Weiqin Li, Ming Gao, Enqing Liu, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Junhong Leng and Xilin Yang
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 4089; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15184089 - 21 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 947
Abstract
Background: To estimate associations of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) in the early trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and estimate associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in offspring. Methods: We established a 1:1 matched case-control study (n = 486) [...] Read more.
Background: To estimate associations of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) in the early trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and estimate associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in offspring. Methods: We established a 1:1 matched case-control study (n = 486) from our cohort of pregnant women, and 401 children were followed up at ages 1 to 8 years. We conducted binary conditional logistic regression to estimate the risk associations of serum SAAs with GDM. Multinomial logistic regression was implemented to explore associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in the offspring. Results: High serum methionine and cystine were independently associated with increased GDM risk (OR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.18–3.13 and 2.69, 1.59–4.53). Conversely, a low level of serum taurine was independently associated with increased GDM risk (2.61, 1.64–4.16). Maternal high cystine and low taurine were also associated with an increased risk of persistent obesity growth pattern (POGP) in offspring (OR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.09–7.17 and 3.92, 1.11–13.89) and the effect was largely independent of GDM. Conclusions: High serum methionine, cystine and low serum taurine in the early trimester of pregnancy were associated with a greatly increased risk of GDM. Maternal high cystine and low taurine were associated with elevated risk of offspring POGP, largely independent of GDM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients as Risk Factors and Treatments for Gestational Diabetes)
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