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Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 30070

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Miguel Romero-Pérez

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Guest Editor

Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: prebiotics; probiotics; endothelial dysfunction; oxidative stress; immune response; microbiota

Prof. Dr. Juan Manuel Duarte Pérez

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor

Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: prebiotics; probiotics; hypertension; autoimmune disorders; immune response; microbiota

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries and is, therefore, a major public health problem. CVD is associated with several risk factors, including chronic kidney disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and hypertension. In recent years, significant interest has focused on the role of gut microbiota in the development of cardiovascular disease, because accumulating evidence has revealed that changes in the intestinal microbiota composition and functions, termed dysbiosis, are associated with the development of hypertension, hypertension-associated inflammation and autoimmune disorders through diverse mechanisms. In fact, gut dysbiosis can facilitate bacterial translocation into the host and subsequently systemic endotoxemia, thus promoting changes in T lymphocyte populations, inflammatory cytokines, vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which impact the central nervous system and the renal and vascular regulation of blood pressure. However, there are a limited number of studies pointing to the precise mechanisms involved in the control of blood pressure by the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animal models of hypertension. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota composition and function through dietary or pharmacological interventions represents a promising therapeutic target in cardiovascular risk management. Currently, there are several drugs available for the management of hypertension but most of them have limited effectiveness and significant side effects. For this reason, effective and safe novel strategies are required, including nutritional approaches. Interestingly, recent investigations have shown the potential positive effect of different prebiotics or probiotic strains on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in hypertension, including modulation of inflammatory and immune responses, improvement of vascular alterations and enhancement of the intestinal barrier function, together with a beneficial impact on dysbiosis.

This Special Issue, entitled “Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases”, aims to highlight current scientific knowledge in the field of dietary interventions with probiotics and prebiotics in cardiovascular disease management, focusing on the precise mechanisms involved in their beneficial effects, especially those in relation to the generation of metabolites and/or their impact on gut microbiota composition and immune response. The submission of review articles, meta-analyses and original research in both humans and animal models of disease are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Miguel Romero-Pérez
Prof. Dr. Juan Manuel Duarte Pérez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

vascular dysfunction
hypertension
atherosclerosis
autoimmune disorders
probiotics
prebiotics
gut microbiota
immune system

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 216 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases

by Miguel Romero and Juan Duarte

Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3686; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173686 - 23 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1464

Abstract

This Special Issue, titled “Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases”, encompasses two comprehensive review articles examining the potential of gut-microbiota-targeted reprogramming interventions designed to prevent the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases)

Research

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15 pages, 1931 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Allium Derivate Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate Exerts Anti-Obesogenic Effects in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

by Rebeca Liébana-García, Marta Olivares, Sonia M. Rodríguez-Ruano, Verónica Tolosa-Enguís, Isabel Chulia, Lidia Gil-Martínez, Enrique Guillamón, Alberto Baños and Yolanda Sanz

Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030440 - 19 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2200

Abstract

Allium species and their organosulfur-derived compounds could prevent obesity and metabolic dysfunction, as they exhibit immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties. Here, we report the anti-obesogenic potential and dose-dependent effects (0.1 or 1 mg/kg/day) of propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. The obesogenic diet increased body weight gain and adipocyte size, and boosted inflammatory marker (Cd11c) expression in the adipose tissue. Conversely, PTS prevented these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the higher dose of PTS improved glucose and hepatic homeostasis, modulated lipid metabolism, and raised markers of the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue. In the colon, the obesogenic diet reduced IL-22 levels and increased gut barrier function markers (Cldn3, Muc2, Reg3g, DefaA); however, the highest PTS dose normalized all of these markers to the levels of mice fed a standard diet. Gut microbiota analyses revealed no differences in diversity indexes and only minor taxonomic changes, such as an increase in butyrate producers, Intestimonas and Alistipes, and a decrease in Bifidobacterium in mice receiving the highest PTS dose. In summary, our study provides preclinical evidence for the protective effects of PTS against obesity, which if confirmed in humans, might provide a novel plant-based dietary product to counteract this condition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases)

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17 pages, 1906 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Gut Microbiota Induced by Doxycycline Influence in Vascular Function and Development of Hypertension in DOCA-Salt Rats

by Iñaki Robles-Vera, Néstor de la Visitación, Marta Toral, Manuel Sánchez, Miguel Romero, Manuel Gómez-Guzmán, Félix Vargas, Juan Duarte and Rosario Jiménez

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 2971; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092971 - 26 Aug 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3186

Abstract

Previous experiments in animals and humans show that shifts in microbiota and its metabolites are linked to hypertension. The present study investigates whether doxycycline (DOX, a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic) improves dysbiosis, prevent cardiovascular pathology and attenuate hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats, a renin-independent model of hypertension. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, DOCA-salt treated with DOX for 4 weeks. DOX decreased systolic blood pressure, improving endothelial dysfunction and reducing aortic oxidative stress and inflammation. DOX decreased lactate-producing bacterial population and plasma lactate levels, improved gut barrier integrity, normalized endotoxemia, plasma noradrenaline levels and restored the Treg content in aorta. These data demonstrate that DOX through direct effects on gut microbiota and its non-microbial effects (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory) reduces endothelial dysfunction and the increase in blood pressure in this low-renin form of hypertension. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases)

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19 pages, 4597 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Probiotics Prevent Hypertension in a Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Induced by Toll-Like Receptor 7 Activation

by Néstor de la Visitación, Iñaki Robles-Vera, Javier Moleón-Moya, Manuel Sánchez, Rosario Jiménez, Manuel Gómez-Guzmán, Cristina González-Correa, Mónica Olivares, Marta Toral, Miguel Romero and Juan Duarte

Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2669; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082669 - 31 Jul 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3704

Abstract

Our group tested the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (LC40) and/or Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 (BFM) in the prevention of gut dysbiosis, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in a pharmacologically-induced model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We treated eight-week-old BALB/cByJRj mice without (Ctrl) or with the agonist of TLR-7 Imiquimod (IMQ) for 8 weeks. Concomitantly, LC40 (10⁹ CFU/mL) and BFM (10⁹ CFU/mL) were administered through oral gavage once a day. IMQ induced intestinal dysbiosis consisting of a decrease in the α-diversity measured with Chao-richness and numbers of species. LC40 and BFM did not restore these parameters. The three-dimensional principal component analysis of bacterial taxa in stool samples presented perfect clustering between Ctrl and IMQ groups. Clusters corresponding to LC40 and BFM were more akin to IMQ. BFM and LC40 were detected colonizing the gut microbiota of mice treated respectively. LC40 and BFM decreased plasma double-stranded DNA autoantibodies, and B cells in spleen, which were increased in the IMQ group. Also, LC40 and BFM treatments activated TLR9, reduced T cells activation, and Th17 polarization in mesenteric lymph nodes. Aortae from IMQ mice displayed a decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to acetylcholine linked to pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative status, which were normalized by both BFM and LC40. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that the chronic treatment with LC40 or BFM prevented hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in a mouse lupus model induced by TLR-7 activation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases)

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19 pages, 3397 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Cholesterol-Lowering Mechanism of Enterococcus faecium Strain 132 and Lactobacillus paracasei Strain 201 in Hypercholesterolemia Rats

by Lingshuang Yang, Xinqiang Xie, Ying Li, Lei Wu, Congcong Fan, Tingting Liang, Yu Xi, Shuanghong Yang, Haixin Li, Jumei Zhang, Yu Ding, Liang Xue, Moutong Chen, Juan Wang and Qingping Wu

Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 1982; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061982 - 09 Jun 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3260

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia can cause many diseases, but it can effectively regulated by Lactobacillus. This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of Enterococcus faecium strain 132 and Lactobacillusparacasei strain 201. These results showed that both the strains decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), liver TC and TG and increased fecal TC, TG and total bile acid (TBA) levels. Additionally, both strains also reduced glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and levels of tissue inflammation levels to improve the lipid profile, and they reduced fat accumulation partially by alleviating inflammatory responses. Furthermore, both strains regulated the expression of the CYP8B1, CYP7A1, SREBP-1, SCD1 and LDL-R gene to promote cholesterol metabolism and reduce TG accumulation. Interventions with both strains also altered the gut microbiota, and decreasing the abundance of Veillonellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Prevotella. Furthermore, fecal acetic acid and propionic acid were increased by this intervention. Overall, the results suggested that E. faecium strain 132 and L. paracasei strain 201 can alleviate hypercholesterolemia in rats and might be applied as a new type of hypercholesterolemia agent in functional foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases)

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Review

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26 pages, 1054 KiB

Open AccessReview

Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke

by Haicui Wu and Jiachi Chiou

Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2878; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082878 - 21 Aug 2021

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 10163

Abstract

Among cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, coronary heart disease and stroke are the most well-known and extensively studied. The onset and progression of CVD is associated with multiple risk factors, among which, gut microbiota has received much attention in the past two decades. Gut microbiota, the microbial community colonizing in the gut, plays a prominent role in human health. In particular, gut dysbiosis is directly related to many acute or chronic dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in the host. Earlier studies have demonstrated that the pathogenesis of CVD is strongly linked to intestinal microbiota imbalance and inflammatory responses. Probiotics and prebiotics conferring various health benefits on the host are emerging as promising therapeutic interventions for many diseases. These two types of food supplements have the potential to alleviate the risks of CVD through improving the levels of several cardiovascular markers, such as total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and certain cytokines involved in the inflammatory response. In this review, we focus mainly on the preventive effects of probiotics and prebiotics on CVD via rebalancing the structural and functional changes in gut microbiota and maintaining immune homeostasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases)

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16 pages, 2947 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Cardiovascular Diseases of Developmental Origins: Preventive Aspects of Gut Microbiota-Targeted Therapy

by Chien-Ning Hsu, Chih-Yao Hou, Wei-Hsuan Hsu and You-Lin Tain

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2290; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072290 - 01 Jul 2021

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4806

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can originate from early life. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota in early life is linked to CVDs in later life. Gut microbiota-targeted therapy has gained significant importance in recent decades for its health-promoting role in the prevention (rather than just treatment) of CVDs. Thus far, available gut microbiota-based treatment modalities used as reprogramming interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. The purpose of this review is, first, to highlight current studies that link dysbiotic gut microbiota to the developmental origins of CVD. This is followed by a summary of the connections between the gut microbiota and CVD behind cardiovascular programming, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), uremic toxins, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This review also presents an overview of how gut microbiota-targeted reprogramming interventions can prevent the developmental origins of CVD from animal studies. Overall, this review reveals that recent advances in gut microbiota-targeted therapy might provide the answers to reduce the global burden of CVDs. Still, additional studies will be needed to put research findings into practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases)

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