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Nutrients
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Nutritional Determinants and Cardiovascular Disease
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Nutritional Determinants and Cardiovascular Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2019) | Viewed by 19730

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anastasia Z. Kalea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
2. Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
Interests: cardiovascular disease; metabolic disease; inflammation; obesity; diet; micronutrients; personalised nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Dorothy Klimis-Zacas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Food Science and Human Nutrition Program, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
Interests: berries; antioxidants; lipids; trace minerals; vascular function; inflammation; wound healing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. George Grimble

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UCL, Inst Liver & Digest Hlth, Div Med, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dietary interventions of coronary heart disease aim to halt or reverse the atherosclerosis process, the main driver for myocardial ischemia and to prevent secondary events. Even though dietary-based approaches have been linked to reduced cardiovascular risk worldwide, randomized trials on the effects of complex dietary interventions on CVD have been less impressive due to the intra-individual variability in response to treatments.

The purpose of this special issue on “Nutritional Determinants and Cardiovascular Disease” is to offer a novel insight into the effects of dietary patterns, nutrient supplementation, meal-based effects and long-term effects of sustained dietary interventions on atherogenicity. This will be presented in a context, physiologically relevant to human disease. We aim to explore further how dietary interventions affect the molecular mechanisms of disease as related to the major atherogenic risk factors, which include the tetrad of dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance, and overweight. The insidious impact of the inflammatory component of each moiety will be discussed in the context of how the response of dietary effects are themselves modulated by the genetic and epigenetic milieu and affect cardiovascular biomarkers.

Dr. Anastasia Z. Kalea
Prof. Dr. Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
Prof. George Grimble
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cardiovascular
  • Nutrigenetics
  • Personalised nutrition
  • Dietary patterns
  • Dietary fat
  • Cardiometabolic
  • Vascular complications
  • Blood pressure regulation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
Dietary Behaviour Is Associated with Cardiometabolic and Psychological Risk Indicators in Female Hospital Nurses—A Post-Hoc, Cross-Sectional Study
by Tasuku Terada, Matheus Mistura, Heather Tulloch, Andrew Pipe and Jennifer Reed
Nutrients 2019, 11(9), 2054; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092054 - 02 Sep 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4283
Abstract
Unfavourable dietary behaviours of female nurses, especially among shift-working nurses, including high snacking frequency, short fasting period and large day-to-day energy intake variability may be linked with adverse health. In this study we: (1) examined the relationship between dietary behaviour and cardiometabolic and [...] Read more.
Unfavourable dietary behaviours of female nurses, especially among shift-working nurses, including high snacking frequency, short fasting period and large day-to-day energy intake variability may be linked with adverse health. In this study we: (1) examined the relationship between dietary behaviour and cardiometabolic and psychological health in female nurses; and, (2) compared dietary behaviour, cardiometabolic and psychological health between shift-working and non-shift-working female nurses. A total of 73 nurses had their cardiometabolic health indicators evaluated and completed psychological health questionnaires; 55 completed a 3-day dietary log. Associations between dietary behaviour and health measures were examined using Spearman’s partial correlation analysis. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare dietary behaviour and health indicators between shift- and non-shift-working nurses. The majority of snacks consumed by nurses (70%) were unhealthy snacks (e.g., chocolate and chips), and higher snacking frequency was associated with greater percent body fat (r(50) = 0.287, p = 0.039), and worse mood-tension (r(48) = 0.327, p = 0.021) and anger-hostility (r(48) = 0.289, p = 0.042) scores. Day-to-day energy intake variability was positively associated with body mass index (BMI, r(50) = 0.356, p = 0.010) and waist circumference (r(50) = 0.283, p = 0.042). Shift-working nurses exhibited shorter fasting duration, larger day-to-day energy intake variability and higher total mood disturbance score when compared to their non-shift-working colleagues (all p < 0.05). The results of the present study suggested that addressing dietary behaviours may improve the cardiometabolic and psychological health of female nurses. Shift-working nurses may require a more specific dietary program to improve their psychological health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Determinants and Cardiovascular Disease)
8 pages, 653 KiB  
Article
Plasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide following Cessation of L-carnitine Supplementation in Healthy Aged Women
by Joanna J. Samulak, Angelika K. Sawicka, Emilia Samborowska and Robert A. Olek
Nutrients 2019, 11(6), 1322; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061322 - 13 Jun 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4189
Abstract
L-carnitine supplementation elevates plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which may participate in atherosclerosis development by affecting cholesterol metabolism. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of increased plasma TMAO on biochemical markers in the blood following cessation of L-carnitine supplementation. The [...] Read more.
L-carnitine supplementation elevates plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which may participate in atherosclerosis development by affecting cholesterol metabolism. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of increased plasma TMAO on biochemical markers in the blood following cessation of L-carnitine supplementation. The follow-up measurements were performed on subjects who completed 24 weeks of L-carnitine or placebo supplementation protocol. Blood samples were taken after finishing the supplementation and then 4 and 12 months following the supplementation withdrawal. Four months after cessation of L-carnitine supplementation, plasma TMAO concentration reached a normal level which was stable for the following eight months. During this period, no modifications in serum lipid profile and circulating leukocyte count were noted. TMAO implications in health and disease is widely discussed. The results of this study demonstrate no adverse effects of elevated plasma TMAO, induced by L-carnitine, on the measured parameters at 4 and 12 months after withdrawal of supplementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Determinants and Cardiovascular Disease)
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19 pages, 958 KiB  
Article
Milk Powder Fortified with Potassium and Phytosterols to Decrease the Risk of Cardiovascular Events among the Adult Population in Malaysia: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
by Anita E. Gandola, Livia Dainelli, Diane Zimmermann, Maznah Dahlui and Patrick Detzel
Nutrients 2019, 11(6), 1235; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061235 - 30 May 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5165
Abstract
This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the consumption of a milk powder product fortified with potassium (+1050.28 mg/day) and phytosterols (+1200 mg/day) to lower systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively, and, therefore, the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the consumption of a milk powder product fortified with potassium (+1050.28 mg/day) and phytosterols (+1200 mg/day) to lower systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively, and, therefore, the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among the 35–75-year-old population in Malaysia. A Markov model was created against a do-nothing option, from a governmental perspective, and with a time horizon of 40 years. Different data sources, encompassing clinical studies, practice guidelines, grey literature, and statistical yearbooks, were used. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of uncertainty on the base case estimates. With an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio equal to international dollars (int$) 22,518.03 per quality-adjusted life-years gained, the intervention can be classified as very cost-effective. If adopted nationwide, it would help prevent at least 13,400 MIs, 30,500 strokes, and more than 10,600 and 17,100 MI- and stroke-related deaths. The discounted cost savings generated for the health care system by those who consume the fortified milk powder would amount to int$8.1 per person, corresponding to 0.7% of the total yearly health expenditure per capita. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. Together with other preventive interventions, the consumption of milk powder fortified with potassium and phytosterols represents a cost-effective strategy to attenuate the rapid increase in cardiovascular burden in Malaysia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Determinants and Cardiovascular Disease)
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15 pages, 244 KiB  
Communication
Nutritional Considerations for Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Narrative Review
by Christopher L. Delaney, Matilda K. Smale and Michelle D. Miller
Nutrients 2019, 11(6), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061219 - 29 May 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5496
Abstract
Those with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) require important considerations with respect to food and nutrition, owing to advanced age, poor diet behaviours and immobility associated with the disease process and co-morbid state. These considerations, coupled with the economic effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy, [...] Read more.
Those with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) require important considerations with respect to food and nutrition, owing to advanced age, poor diet behaviours and immobility associated with the disease process and co-morbid state. These considerations, coupled with the economic effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy, mandate that dietetic care plays a vital role in the management of PAD. Despite this, optimising dietetic care in PAD remains poorly understood. This narrative review considers the role of medical nutrition therapy in every stage of the PAD process, ranging from the onset and initiation of disease to well established and advanced disease. In each case, the potential benefits of traditional and novel medical nutrition therapy are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Determinants and Cardiovascular Disease)
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