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Nutrition and Metabolic Dysfunction

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2021) | Viewed by 21497

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas|NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: diet; metabolism; obesity; microbiota; endocrine disruptors; phenolic compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet alone cannot, and should not, replace medicine under any circumstances. However, non-communicable diseases are among the many diseases that can be prevented, treated, or even cured by lifestyle and, notably, dietary changes.

Not only is it now evident that many nutrients in food promote health and protect your body from disease, but greater emphasis is being placed on foods than on nutrient recommendations. Researchers have shown that food is the number one cause of poor health on the planet. Non-communicable diseases and metabolic dysfunction are the most serious problem facing health care systems, and there is now unequivocal evidence of the link in particular with obesity, cancer, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, mental health, and, more recently, gut microbiota.

This Special Issue of Nutrients will highlight the relevance of diet in metabolic dysfunctions, notably the role of nutrients or dietary compounds on molecular mechanisms in non-communicable diseases. Topics may include endocrine disruptors, microbioma, pre- and probiotics/postbiotics, phytochemicals, and omega 3 fatty acids. Manuscripts will range from original research articles and clinical trials to up-to-date reviews.

Prof. Conceição Calhau
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Diet
  • Bioactive Compounds
  • Endocrine Disruptor
  • Metabolic Dysfunction
  • Microbiota
  • Prebiotic
  • Probiotic

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 5715 KiB  
Article
Dehydroepiandrosterone Shifts Energy Metabolism to Increase Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Female Fertility with Advancing Age
by Chia-Jung Li, Li-Te Lin and Kuan-Hao Tsui
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2449; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072449 - 17 Jul 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7233
Abstract
Female reproductive aging is an irreversible process associated with a decrease in oocyte quality, which is a limiting factor for fertility. Previous studies have shown that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been shown to improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in older women. Herein, we [...] Read more.
Female reproductive aging is an irreversible process associated with a decrease in oocyte quality, which is a limiting factor for fertility. Previous studies have shown that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been shown to improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in older women. Herein, we showed that the decline in oocyte quality with age is accompanied by a significant decrease in the level of bioenergetic metabolism genes. We compared the clinical characteristics between groups of infertile women who either received DHEA or did not. Treatment with DHEA may enhance oocyte quality by improving energy production and metabolic reprogramming in cumulus cells (CCs) of aging women. Our results showed that compared with the group without DHEA, the group with DHEA produced a large number of day-three (D3) embryos, top-quality D3 embryos, and had improved ongoing pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate. This may be because DHEA enhances the transport of oxidative phosphorylation and increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption in CCs, converting anaerobic to aerobic metabolism commonly used by aging cells to delay oocyte aging. In conclusion, our results suggest that the benefit of DHEA supplementation on IVF outcomes in aging cells is significant and that this effect may be mediated in part through the reprogramming of metabolic pathways and conversion of anaerobic to aerobic respiration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Metabolic Dysfunction)
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15 pages, 960 KiB  
Article
A Pilot Study on the Metabolic Impact of Mediterranean Diet in Type 2 Diabetes: Is Gut Microbiota the Key?
by Shámila Ismael, Marta P. Silvestre, Miguel Vasques, João R. Araújo, Juliana Morais, Maria Inês Duarte, Diogo Pestana, Ana Faria, José B. Pereira-Leal, Joana Vaz, Pedro Ribeiro, Diana Teixeira, Cláudia Marques and Conceição Calhau
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041228 - 08 Apr 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6534
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been recommended for type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. The impact of diet in shaping the gut microbiota is well known, particularly for MD. However, the link between MD and diabetes outcome improvement is not completely clear. This study [...] Read more.
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been recommended for type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. The impact of diet in shaping the gut microbiota is well known, particularly for MD. However, the link between MD and diabetes outcome improvement is not completely clear. This study aims to evaluate the role of microbiota modulation by a nonpharmacological intervention in patients with T2D. In this 12-week single-arm pilot study, nine participants received individual nutritional counseling sessions promoting MD. Gut microbiota, biochemical parameters, body composition, and blood pressure were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after the intervention. Adherence to MD [assessed by Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) score] increased after the intervention. Bacterial richness increased after 4 weeks of intervention and was negatively correlated with fasting glucose levels and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Prevotella to Bacteroides ratio also increased after 4 weeks. In contrast, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and HOMA-IR were only decreased at the end of study. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed in fecal samples and was negatively correlated with HbA1c and positively correlated with bacterial diversity. The results of this study reinforce that MD adherence results in a better glycemic control in subjects with T2D. Changes in gut bacterial richness caused by MD adherence may be relevant in mediating the metabolic impact of this dietary intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Metabolic Dysfunction)
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Review

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15 pages, 1216 KiB  
Review
Sugar or Fat? Renal Tubular Metabolism Reviewed in Health and Disease
by Leslie S. Gewin
Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051580 - 09 May 2021
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 6925
Abstract
The kidney is a highly metabolically active organ that relies on specialized epithelial cells comprising the renal tubules to reabsorb most of the filtered water and solutes. Most of this reabsorption is mediated by the proximal tubules, and high amounts of energy are [...] Read more.
The kidney is a highly metabolically active organ that relies on specialized epithelial cells comprising the renal tubules to reabsorb most of the filtered water and solutes. Most of this reabsorption is mediated by the proximal tubules, and high amounts of energy are needed to facilitate solute movement. Thus, proximal tubules use fatty acid oxidation, which generates more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than glucose metabolism, as its preferred metabolic pathway. After kidney injury, metabolism is altered, leading to decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased lactic acid generation. This review discusses how metabolism differs between the proximal and more distal tubular segments of the healthy nephron. In addition, metabolic changes in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are discussed, as well as how these changes in metabolism may impact tubule repair and chronic kidney disease progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Metabolic Dysfunction)
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