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Nutrients
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Specialized Diet, Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases (Volume II)
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Specialized Diet, Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases (Volume II)

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2024 | Viewed by 7493

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Karolina Szewczyk-Golec

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: biochemistry; cancer; metabolic diseases; obesity; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is one of the most common healthcare problems in developed countries, affecting people of both genders and all age groups. In addition to genetic factors, overweight and obesity are the result of an imbalance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure. Poor-quality diets and easy access to unhealthy food are important factors in the obesity epidemic. Importantly, overweight and obesity are major risk factors in the pathogenesis of many associated diseases, including metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, amongst others. Despite increased efforts to reduce the epidemic of obesity by promoting healthy diets, physical activity, and pharmacological treatment, the problem continues to grow. Undoubtedly, new approaches are essential to develop effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity and comorbidities. Various specialized diets and dietary supplements are considered to treat obesity and related diseases. In this Special Issue, manuscripts that focus on the topic “Specialized Diet, Obesity, and Associated Metabolic Disorders” are welcome. This includes original in vitro, animal, and human research, cohort studies, systematic literature reviews, and meta-analyses.

Dr. Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obesity
  • specialized diet
  • metabolic syndrome
  • type II diabetes
  • non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • oxysterols
  • dietary supplements

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 639 KiB  
Article
Diet Inflammatory Index among Regularly Physically Active Young Women and Men
by Anna Pietrzak, Anna Kęska and Dagmara Iwańska
Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010062 - 25 Dec 2023
Viewed by 988
Abstract
Recently, special attention has been paid to the relationship between diet and inflammation in the body. A factor that influences both diet and inflammation is physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess the inflammatory potential of the diets of young [...] Read more.
Recently, special attention has been paid to the relationship between diet and inflammation in the body. A factor that influences both diet and inflammation is physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess the inflammatory potential of the diets of young people engaging in regular physical activity. The participants were physical education students (n = 141 men and n = 151 women). The measurements included basic anthropometric parameters and a 4-day nutritional history from which the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated. The average DII for female students was 2.09 ± 1.52, and that for male students was 0.21 ± 1.69. Consumption of all macro- and micronutrients was significantly higher among women and men with the lowest DII value (corresponding to an anti-inflammatory diet). The female and male students consuming anti-inflammatory diets were characterized by greater lean body mass (LBM), and, for the male students, a lower body fat content, compared to those whose diets were pro-inflammatory. Young and regularly physically active people are also exposed to the pro-inflammatory nature of their diets, whose long-term effects may lead to health problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Diet, Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases (Volume II))
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16 pages, 6128 KiB  
Article
Combating Obesity: Harnessing the Synergy of Postbiotics and Prebiotics for Enhanced Lipid Excretion and Microbiota Regulation
by Yueming Zhao, Yaping Zheng, Kui Xie, Yanmei Hou, Qingjing Liu, Yujun Jiang, Yu Zhang and Chaoxin Man
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4971; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234971 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1212
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that can be induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and predisposes to a variety of complications. In recent years, various bioactive substances, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, have been widely discussed because of their good anti-lipid [...] Read more.
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that can be induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and predisposes to a variety of complications. In recent years, various bioactive substances, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, have been widely discussed because of their good anti-lipid and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, soybean protein isolate was used as a substrate to prepare the postbiotic. Compound prebiotics (galactose oligosaccharides, fructose oligosaccharides, and lactitol) preparation Aunulife Postbiotics and Prebiotics Composition (AYS) is the research object. Weight loss and bowel movements in mice induced by a high-fat diet were studied. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative analyses of small-molecule metabolites in AYS were performed to identify the functional molecules in AYS. After 12 weeks of feeding, the weight gain of mice that were fed with high-dose AYS (group H) and low-dose AYS (group L) from 4 to 12 weeks was 6.72 g and 5.25 g (p < 0.05), both of which were significantly lower than that of the high-fat diet (group DM, control group) group (7.73 g) (p < 0.05). Serum biochemical analysis showed that TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in mice from the H and L groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the fecal lipid content of mice in the L group reached 5.89%, which was significantly higher than that of the DM group at 4.02% (p < 0.05). The study showed that AYS changed the structure of the intestinal microbiota in mice on a high-fat diet, resulting in a decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Muribaculaceae and an increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Lactobacillus. The metabolomics study results of AYS showed that carboxylic acids and derivatives, and organonitrogen compounds accounted for 51.51% of the AYS metabolites, among which pantothenate, stachyose, betaine, and citrate had the effect of preventing obesity in mice. In conclusion, the administration of prebiotics and postbiotic-rich AYS reduces weight gain and increases fecal lipid defecation in obese mice, potentially by regulating the intestinal microbiota of mice on a high-fat diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Diet, Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases (Volume II))
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24 pages, 3374 KiB  
Article
Thermoneutral Housing Enables Studies of Vertical Transmission of Obesogenic Diet-Driven Metabolic Diseases
by Jennifer L. Wayland, Jessica R. Doll, Matthew J. Lawson, Traci E. Stankiewicz, Jarren R. Oates, Keisuke Sawada, Michelle S. M. A. Damen, Pablo C. Alarcon, David B. Haslam, Andrew T. Trout, Emily A. DeFranco, Corie M. Klepper, Jessica G. Woo, Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez, Marialena Mouzaki and Senad Divanovic
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4958; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234958 - 29 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1161
Abstract
Vertical transmission of obesity is a critical contributor to the unabated obesity pandemic and the associated surge in metabolic diseases. Existing experimental models insufficiently recapitulate “human-like” obesity phenotypes, limiting the discovery of how severe obesity in pregnancy instructs vertical transmission of obesity. Here, [...] Read more.
Vertical transmission of obesity is a critical contributor to the unabated obesity pandemic and the associated surge in metabolic diseases. Existing experimental models insufficiently recapitulate “human-like” obesity phenotypes, limiting the discovery of how severe obesity in pregnancy instructs vertical transmission of obesity. Here, via utility of thermoneutral housing and obesogenic diet feeding coupled to syngeneic mating of WT obese female and lean male mice on a C57BL/6 background, we present a tractable, more “human-like” approach to specifically investigate how maternal obesity contributes to offspring health. Using this model, we found that maternal obesity decreased neonatal survival, increased offspring adiposity, and accelerated offspring predisposition to obesity and metabolic disease. We also show that severe maternal obesity was sufficient to skew offspring microbiome and create a proinflammatory gestational environment that correlated with inflammatory changes in the offspring in utero and adulthood. Analysis of a human birth cohort study of mothers with and without obesity and their infants was consistent with mouse study findings of maternal inflammation and offspring weight gain propensity. Together, our results show that dietary induction of obesity in female mice coupled to thermoneutral housing can be used for future mechanistic interrogations of obesity and metabolic disease in pregnancy and vertical transmission of pathogenic traits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Diet, Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases (Volume II))
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13 pages, 1173 KiB  
Article
Increased Demand of Obese Women for Protectins, Maresin, and Resolvin D1 in the Last Trimester of Pregnancy
by Małgorzata Szczuko, Natalia Szwec-Nadworna, Joanna Palma, Małgorzata Tomasik and Maciej Ziętek
Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4340; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204340 - 11 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1029
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is a physiological state during which inflammation occurs. This complex biological response is necessary for the implantation process as well as delivery. In turn, its suppression during gestation favors the normal course of the pregnancy. Therefore, the presence of pro-resolving mediators, [...] Read more.
Background: Pregnancy is a physiological state during which inflammation occurs. This complex biological response is necessary for the implantation process as well as delivery. In turn, its suppression during gestation favors the normal course of the pregnancy. Therefore, the presence of pro-resolving mediators, EPA and DHA derivatives, The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the levels of anti-inflammatory resolvins and their precursors in different trimesters of pregnancy with consideration of the women’s weight, including overweight and obese women before pregnancy. Methods: A total of 78 women participated in this study; the mean age and BMI before pregnancy were 32.3 ± 5.52 and 27.73 ± 6.13, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups, considering their BMI before pregnancy. The extraction of eicosanoids was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The levels of all studied parameters showed statistically significant differences between the study group (SG) and the control group (CG) in the different trimesters of pregnancy. Over the course of pregnancy, the levels of protection (PDX), maresin, resolvins (RvD1, RvE1), and their precursors differed in relation to the trimester of pregnancy and the division into groups considering the correct body weight before pregnancy. Results: Overweight or obese women had significantly lower levels of RvE1 in the third trimester and their precursors compared to normal-weight women. While the levels of PDX and RvD1 were significantly higher, this may be due to both a lower intake of products rich in omega-3 fatty acids by obese women and an increased need of obese women’s bodies to quench chronic inflammatory processes associated with obesity. Conclusions: Both EPA and DHA derivatives are involved in calming down inflammation during pregnancy, which was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Diet, Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases (Volume II))
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15 pages, 1074 KiB  
Article
Serum Levels of Hormones Regulating Appetite in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
by Rafał Podgórski, Sabina Galiniak, Artur Mazur, Dominika Podgórska and Agnieszka Domin
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4215; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194215 - 29 Sep 2023
Viewed by 776
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the cause of impaired growth and a wide range of developmental and behavioral disorders in the child. Improper eating patterns are commonly associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and may contribute to poor nutrition and growth restriction. To [...] Read more.
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the cause of impaired growth and a wide range of developmental and behavioral disorders in the child. Improper eating patterns are commonly associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and may contribute to poor nutrition and growth restriction. To date, there have been only a few studies investigating the hormonal regulation of appetite in patients with FASD. We analyzed the levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti signaling protein (ASP), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and kisspeptin (KISS1) in 57 patients with FASD and 23 healthy controls. A comparison of the hormone levels studied was also performed in subgroups of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND PAE), as well as in males and females. We have found no differences in hormone levels tested between affected individuals and the controls and between FASD subgroups. In addition, sex had no effect on hormone levels. However, we identified some associations between hormone concentrations and parameters describing the clinical status of patients with FASD. Most of them concerned ASP, which has shown a positive correlation with age and hormones involved in appetite and metabolism, such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We have also found a negative correlation of α-MSH with age, BMI percentile, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, we found a weak negative correlation of NPY with HbA1c. Although FASD has been associated with impaired child growth and development, including nutrition and puberty onset, we did not identify differences in the levels of the hormones studied, which may suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure does not affect the levels of these metabolites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Diet, Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases (Volume II))
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Review

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36 pages, 482 KiB  
Review
Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
by Shannon Herbert and Kathleen Woolf
Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5069; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245069 - 11 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1882
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder experienced by women. PCOS is a lifelong condition associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological presentations. PCOS is also linked with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. While an association between body weight and [...] Read more.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder experienced by women. PCOS is a lifelong condition associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological presentations. PCOS is also linked with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. While an association between body weight and PCOS has been noted, cardiometabolic risk factors are prevalent in individuals with PCOS across body weights. Currently, no consensus exists as to the most appropriate lifestyle strategy for mitigating cardiometabolic risk in PCOS. A large proportion of the literature is focused on weight loss for individuals with PCOS who are overweight or experience obesity, despite PCOS being prevalent across body sizes. The aim of this narrative review is to assess dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk in individuals with PCOS across body sizes. A total of 51 articles are included in this review. Overall, randomized controlled trials are limited and most studies focus on weight loss, excluding individuals classified within a healthy body weight range. Studies that modified the dietary pattern without an energy deficit saw improvements in cardiometabolic risk. Thus, less restrictive dietary approaches may be effective at reducing cardiometabolic risk in this population. This review also highlights the need for more sustainable lifestyle interventions that meet the needs of individuals with PCOS of varying body weights. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Diet, Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases (Volume II))
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