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11 pages, 6380 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Body Composition and Its Impact on the Hormonal Disturbances in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

by Anna Bizoń, Sylwia Płaczkowska, Justyna Niepsuj, Marta Czwojdzińska, Marcin Leśniewski, Artur Nowak, Dagmara Pluta, Paweł Madej, Agnieszka Piwowar and Grzegorz Franik

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4217; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124217 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2412

Abstract

We investigated the relationship between selected body composition (BC) parameters and included 55 women diagnosed with PCOS and 29 women in which PCOS was excluded. Hormone concentration and BC parameters were assessed during hospitalization. Women with PCOS had higher concentration of luteinizing hormones, [...] Read more.

We investigated the relationship between selected body composition (BC) parameters and included 55 women diagnosed with PCOS and 29 women in which PCOS was excluded. Hormone concentration and BC parameters were assessed during hospitalization. Women with PCOS had higher concentration of luteinizing hormones, total testosterone, androstenedione, and Anti-Müllerian hormones compared to women that were not diagnosed with PCOS. We did not observe any significant differences in the BC parameters between both groups as well as between four PCOS phenotype subgroups. Only in the group of women with PCOS was the concentration of sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone correlated with all investigated BC parameters. Correspondence analysis did not confirm unambiguously associations between phenotypes of PCOS and the value of BC parameters, while logistic regression revealed that increased Anti-Müllerian hormone concentration and the value of body mass index could be useful parameters in differentiating women with PCOS and women with other disorders. The ROC analysis performed on the entire group of women also confirmed that the concentration of Anti-Müllerian hormones could be a powerful parameter to categorize women as suffering from PCOS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approach to Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease)

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16 pages, 2240 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Higher Serum Phosphorus Is Not an Independent Risk Factor of Mortality in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

by Partyka Robert, Mroczek Alina, Duda Sylwia, Malinowska-Borowska Jolanta, Buczkowska Marta, Głogowska-Gruszka Anna, Niedziela Jacek, Hudzik Bartosz, Gąsior Mariusz and Rozentryt Piotr

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4004; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114004 - 10 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1751

Abstract

Higher serum phosphorus has detrimental health effects. Even high-normal rage sP is associated with worse outcomes. The relationship of serum phosphorus with prognostic markers in heart failure remains unclear. We investigated the association of serum phosphorus with heart failure prognostic factors and risk [...] Read more.

Higher serum phosphorus has detrimental health effects. Even high-normal rage sP is associated with worse outcomes. The relationship of serum phosphorus with prognostic markers in heart failure remains unclear. We investigated the association of serum phosphorus with heart failure prognostic factors and risk of mortality related to serum phosphorus. In 1029 stable heart failure patients, we investigated the distribution of markers of more advanced heart failure stage across quintiles of serum phosphorus and estimated the relative risk of mortality in comparison to reference. Higher serum phosphorus levels sP were associated with markers of a worse outcome. The best survival was observed in low-normal serum levels. The unadjusted hazard ratio for mortality increased toward higher phosphorus quintiles but not to lower levels of sP. The correction for age, sex, BMI, percent weight loss, inflammation, kidney function, and LVEF did not modify the risk profile substantially. The adjustment for NYHA, natriuretic peptides, serum sodium, and treatment characteristics broke down the risk relationship completely. A higher serum phosphorus is associated with markers of a more risky profile of heart failure. Elevated serum levels of phosphorus sP does not provide independent prognostic information beyond the strongest markers of the severity of the syndrome. The potential involvement of higher serum phosphorus as a mediator in the pathophysiology of heart failure warrants further study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approach to Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease)

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14 pages, 854 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Predictors of Low Spot Urinary Creatinine Concentration in Patients with Heart Failure

by Jolanta Malinowska-Borowska, Aleksandra Kulik, Marta Buczkowska, Weronika Ostręga, Apolonia Stefaniak, Małgorzata Piecuch, Jagoda Garbicz, Jolanta Urszula Nowak, Mateusz Tajstra, Ewa Anita Jankowska, Mariusz Gąsior and Piotr Rozentryt

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3994; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113994 - 09 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1938

Abstract

Low spot urinary creatinine concentration (SUCR) is a marker of muscle wasting and clinical outcome. The risk factors for low SUCR in heart failure (HF) remain poorly understood. We explored the risk factors for low SUCR related to poor outcomes. In 721 HF [...] Read more.

Low spot urinary creatinine concentration (SUCR) is a marker of muscle wasting and clinical outcome. The risk factors for low SUCR in heart failure (HF) remain poorly understood. We explored the risk factors for low SUCR related to poor outcomes. In 721 HF patients (age: 52.3 ± 11 years, female: 14%, NYHA: 2.7 ± 0.7) SUCR and Dexa body composition scans were performed. BMI prior HF-onset, weight loss, and appendicular muscle mass were obtained. Each patient was classified as malnutrition or normal by GLIM criteria and three other biochemical indices (CONUT, PNI, and GRNI). Sarcopenia index (SI) as creatinine to cystatin C ratio was also calculated. Within 1 year, 80 (11.1%) patients died. In ROC curve we identified a SUCR value of 0.628 g/L as optimally discriminating surviving from dead. In low SUCR group more advanced HF, higher weight loss and catabolic components of weight trajectory (CCWT), more frequent under-nutrition by GLIM, and lower SI were observed. In multivariate analysis the independent predictors of low SUCR were SI, CCWT, and GNRI score. In conclusion: the risk of low SUCR was associated with a worse outcome. Low SUCR was associated with greater catabolism and sarcopenia but not with biochemical indices of malnutrition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approach to Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease)

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11 pages, 274 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Lifestyle Behaviors on Postprandial Hyperglycemia during Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adult Males with Overweight/Obesity but without Diabetes

by Ichiro Kishimoto and Akio Ohashi

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3092; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093092 - 02 Sep 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3679

Abstract

Data regarding hyperglycemia-related factors were scarce in people without diabetes. Fifty males (age 50–65 years) with overweight/obesity but without diagnosis of diabetes were recruited. After excluding participants with the 2 h plasma glucose value during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 [...] Read more.

Data regarding hyperglycemia-related factors were scarce in people without diabetes. Fifty males (age 50–65 years) with overweight/obesity but without diagnosis of diabetes were recruited. After excluding participants with the 2 h plasma glucose value during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dL, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed for 6 days. Subjects with ≥1800 CGM readings were included (n = 36). The CGM indices of hyperglycemia were significantly associated with disposition index and snacking frequency. In receiver-operating characteristic analysis for predicting the maximal CGM glucose ≥200 mg/dL, the area under curves of disposition index, snacking frequency, and minimal daily step counts during the study were 0.69, 0.63, and 0.68, whereas the cutoff values were 1.57, once daily, and 2499 steps, respectively. After adjustments, the lower disposition index (≤1.57), higher snacking frequency (≥1 per day), and lower minimal step (≤2499 steps per day) categories conferred 14.5, 14.5, and 6.6-fold increased probabilities for having the maximum level ≥ 200 mg/dL, respectively. In addition, the snacking habits were significantly associated with insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, in middle aged males with overweight/obesity but without diabetes, snacking and physical inactivity serve as the major drivers of postprandial hyperglycemia independently of β-cell function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approach to Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease)

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16 pages, 2208 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Visceral Adiposity in Relation to Body Adiposity and Nutritional Status in Elderly Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease

by Bartosz Hudzik, Justyna Nowak, Janusz Szkodziński and Barbara Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2351; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072351 - 09 Jul 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2387

Abstract

Introduction: The accumulation of visceral abdominal tissue (VAT) seems to be a hallmark feature of abdominal obesity and substantially contributes to metabolic abnormalities. There are numerous factors that make the body-mass index (BMI) a suboptimal measure of adiposity. The visceral adiposity index [...] Read more.

Introduction: The accumulation of visceral abdominal tissue (VAT) seems to be a hallmark feature of abdominal obesity and substantially contributes to metabolic abnormalities. There are numerous factors that make the body-mass index (BMI) a suboptimal measure of adiposity. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) may be considered a simple surrogate marker of visceral adipose tissue dysfunction. However, the evidence comparing general to visceral adiposity in CAD is scarce. Therefore, we have set out to investigate visceral adiposity in relation to general adiposity in patients with stable CAD. Material and methods: A total of 204 patients with stable CAD hospitalized in the Department of Medicine and the Department of Geriatrics entered the study. Based on the VAI-defined adipose tissue dysfunction (ATD) types, the study population (N = 204) was divided into four groups: (1) no ATD (N = 66), (2) mild ATD (N = 50), (3) moderate ATD (N = 48), and (4) severe ATD (N = 40). Nutritional status was assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score. Results: Patients with moderate and severe ATD were the youngest (median 67 years), yet their metabolic age was the oldest (median 80 and 84 years, respectively). CONUT scores were similar across all four study groups. The VAI had only a modest positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.59 p < 0.01) and body adiposity index (BAI) (r = 0.40 p < 0.01). There was no correlation between VAI and CONUT scores. There was high variability in the distribution of BMI-defined weight categories across all four types of ATD. A total of 75% of patients with normal nutritional status had some form of ATD, and one-third of patients with moderate or severe malnutrition did not have any ATD (p = 0.008). In contrast, 55–60% of patients with mild, moderate, or severe ATD had normal nutritional status (p = 0.008). ROC analysis demonstrated that BMI and BAI have poor predictive value in determining no ATD. Both BMI (AUC 0.78 p < 0.0001) and BAI (AUC 0.66 p = 0.003) had strong predictive value for determining severe ATD (the difference between AUC 0.12 being p = 0.0002). However, BMI predicted mild ATD and severe ATD better than BAI. Conclusions: ATD and malnutrition were common in patients with CAD. Notably, this study has shown a high rate of misclassification of visceral ATD via BMI and BAI. In addition, we demonstrated that the majority of patients with normal nutritional status had some form of ATD and as much as one-third of patients with moderate or severe malnutrition did not have any ATD. These findings have important clinical ramifications for everyday practice regarding the line between health and disease in the context of malnutrition in terms of body composition and visceral ATD, which are significant for developing an accurate definition of the standards for the intensity of clinical interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approach to Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease)

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16 pages, 2044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Cross-Talk between the Erythrocyte L-Arginine/ADMA/Nitric Oxide Metabolic Pathway and the Endothelial Function in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

by Damian Gajecki, Jakub Gawryś, Jerzy Wiśniewski, Paulina Fortuna, Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska and Adrian Doroszko

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2306; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072306 - 04 Jul 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2569

Abstract

(1) Background: Type-2-diabetes-mellitus (DM) is one the most important cardiovascular-risk-factors. Among many molecules regulating vascular tone, nitric oxide appears to be the most pivotal. Although micro- and macrovascular-abnormalities are extensively studied, the alterations in the nitric-oxide-metabolic-pathway require further investigations. Additionally, the role of [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Type-2-diabetes-mellitus (DM) is one the most important cardiovascular-risk-factors. Among many molecules regulating vascular tone, nitric oxide appears to be the most pivotal. Although micro- and macrovascular-abnormalities are extensively studied, the alterations in the nitric-oxide-metabolic-pathway require further investigations. Additionally, the role of erythrocytes in the vascular tone regulation has not been extensively explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the endothelial-function and the nitric-oxide-metabolic-pathway in erythrocytes and plasma of diabetic individuals. (2) Methods: A total of 80 subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 35 patients with DM and 45 healthy individuals. The endothelial-function was evaluated in response to different stimuli. (3) Results: In the DM group, decreased Arginine and citrulline concentrations in the plasma compartment with reduced Arginine/ADMA and ADMA/DMA-ratios were observed. Preserved nitric-oxide-metabolism in erythrocytes with reduced citrulline level and significantly higher NO-bioavailability were noted. Significant endothelial dysfunction in DM individuals was proved in response to the heat-stimulus. (4) Conclusions: DM patients at an early stage of disease show significant differences in the nitric-oxide-metabolic-pathway, which are more pronounced in the plasma compartment. Erythrocytes constitute a buffer with a higher nitric-oxide-bioavailability, less affected by the DM-related deviations. Patients at an early-stage of DM reveal endothelial-dysfunction, which could be diagnosed earlier using the laser-Doppler-flowmetry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approach to Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease)

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12 pages, 1514 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Cardiovascular Risk and Endothelial Dysfunction in Primary Sjogren Syndrome Is Related to the Disease Activity

by Anna Łuczak, Rafał Małecki, Michał Kulus, Marta Madej, Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska and Adrian Doroszko

Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 2072; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062072 - 17 Jun 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2576

Abstract

The aim of our study was to evaluate if endothelial-dysfunction (ED) occurs in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) and whether it is associated with the disease characteristics and activity. A total of 46 patients with pSS and 30 controls, without known cardiovascular [...] Read more.

The aim of our study was to evaluate if endothelial-dysfunction (ED) occurs in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) and whether it is associated with the disease characteristics and activity. A total of 46 patients with pSS and 30 controls, without known cardiovascular disease, were enrolled in this study. A flow-mediated-dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, plasma concentrations of the nitric oxide (NO) metabolic pathway (ADMA, L-arginine, SDMA, cGMP), and markers of endothelial inflammatory function (PAI-1, sE-selectin) and angiogenesis (angiostatin, VEGF) were analyzed. The FMD was significantly lower in pSS patients (7.56 ± 3.08 vs. 10.91 ± 1.02%, p = 0.043) and positively correlated with the Ro/SS-A-antibodies (r = 0.34, p = 0.03), pulmonary involvement (r = 0.52, p = 0.001) and inversely with ADMA (r = −0.35, p = 0.04). Plasma ADMA, L-arginine and angiostatin levels were significantly higher in pSS patients (0.39 ± 0.08 vs. 0.36 ± 0.06 µmol/L, p = 0.05; 29.07 ± 6.7 vs. 25.4 ± 5.23 µmol/L, p = 0.01; 152.25 ± 60.99 vs. 120.07 ± 38.7 pg/mL, p = 0.0, respectively). ADMA was associated with ESSDAI (r = 0.33, p = 0.02), SCORE (r = 0.57, p = 0.00003) and focus score (r = 0.38, p = 0.04). In the multiple regression analysis, the ESSDAI was significantly and independently associated with plasma ADMA levels (β = 0.24, p = 0.04). Moreover, plasma cGMP concentrations were negatively correlated with the disease duration (r = −0.31, p = 0.03). Endothelial function is impaired in patients with pSS and associated with the measures of disease activity, which supports the key-role of inflammation in developing and maintaining accelerated atherosclerosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approach to Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease)

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Review

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12 pages, 2989 KiB

Open AccessReview

Curcumin in Metabolic Health and Disease

by Marzena Jabczyk, Justyna Nowak, Bartosz Hudzik and Barbara Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4440; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124440 - 11 Dec 2021

Cited by 47 | Viewed by 7413

Abstract

In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that metabolic disorders are nutritionally dependent. A healthy diet that is rich in polyphenols may be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, [...] Read more.

In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that metabolic disorders are nutritionally dependent. A healthy diet that is rich in polyphenols may be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and, in particular, atherosclerosis. Curcumin is a polyphenol found in turmeric and has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, and antidiabetic properties, among others. This review summarizes the influence of supplementation with curcumin on metabolic parameters in selected metabolic disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approach to Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease)

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