Dietary Nitrate in Health and Diseases: Pathways from Nitrate and NOS to Nitric Oxide and Beyond

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2024 | Viewed by 639

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Interests: nitrate reductive pathway; mammalian nitrate reservoirs; nitric oxide; mammalian nitrate reductase; ageing; diabetes; degenerative eye diseases; cardiovascular disease; exercise; neuromuscular diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce our plans to publish the following Special Issue of Nutrients: “Dietary Nitrate in Health and Diseases: Pathways from Nitrate and NOS to Nitric Oxide and Beyond”.

The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together authors from different aspects and corners of the nitric oxide (NO) field to create a fresh view of multiple roles of NO and its metabolites in physiology and to highlight functional transformations of NO.

NO metabolism is dysfunctional in many metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuromuscular diseases, and increasing NO can improve the quality of life of some patients. Even healthy people can benefit from increased NO levels, especially aging people and athletes. The NO precursor, nitrate, is found in many vegetables, which allows everybody “in need of increased NO” to profit from simple dietary intervention. So far, research using dietary nitrate has led to conclusions that it is safe; studies either showed a benefit or no change, with no harm detected. However, more clinical research is needed to understand the basic normal physiology of dietary nitrate transformation into nitric oxide and beyond, as well as sites of its dysfunction in diseases.

We aim to publish the most recent developments within the NO field, hopefully even “beyond” NO itself, such as the role of nitrosothiols (famous “SNO”) and nitro-fatty acids. We also hope that new questions and hypotheses about NO transformations arise in this Special Issue of Nutrients.

Dr. Barbora Piknova
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nitrate/nitrite/nitric oxide
  • nitric oxide synthase (NOS)
  • S-nitrosothiols (SNO)
  • nitro-fatty acids
  • nitrate/nitrite transporter (sialin, CLC)
  • nitrate/nitrite reductase
  • oral and gut microbiome
  • diabetes
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • metabolic syndrome
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • ageing
  • athletic performance
  • neuromuscular diseases

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 4450 KiB  
Article
Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Porcine Ocular Tissues Determined Using 15N-Labeled Sodium Nitrate Supplementation
by Ji Won Park, Barbora Piknova, Khalid J. Tunau-Spencer, Samantha M. Thomas, Hongyi Cai, Peter J. Walter, Audrey Jenkins, David Hellinga, Leonard M. Parver and Alan N. Schechter
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081154 - 13 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Nitrate (NO3) obtained from the diet is converted to nitrite (NO2) and subsequently to nitric oxide (NO) within the body. Previously, we showed that porcine eye components contain substantial amounts of nitrate and nitrite that are similar [...] Read more.
Nitrate (NO3) obtained from the diet is converted to nitrite (NO2) and subsequently to nitric oxide (NO) within the body. Previously, we showed that porcine eye components contain substantial amounts of nitrate and nitrite that are similar to those in blood. Notably, cornea and sclera exhibited the capability to reduce nitrate to nitrite. To gain deeper insights into nitrate metabolism in porcine eyes, our current study involved feeding pigs either NaCl or Na15NO3 and assessing the levels of total and 15N-labeled NO3/NO2 in various ocular tissues. Three hours after Na15NO3 ingestion, a marked increase in 15NO3 and 15NO2 was observed in all parts of the eye; in particular, the aqueous and vitreous humor showed a high 15NO3 enrichment (77.5 and 74.5%, respectively), similar to that of plasma (77.1%) and showed an even higher 15NO2 enrichment (39.9 and 35.3%, respectively) than that of plasma (19.8%). The total amounts of NO3 and NO2 exhibited patterns consistent with those observed in 15N analysis. Next, to investigate whether nitrate or nitrite accumulate proportionally after multiple nitrate treatments, we measured nitrate and nitrite contents after supplementing pigs with Na15NO3 for five consecutive days. In both 15N-labeled and total nitrate and nitrite analysis, we did not observe further accumulation of these ions after multiple treatments, compared to a single treatment. These findings suggest that dietary nitrate supplementation exerts a significant influence on nitrate and nitrite levels and potentially NO levels in the eye and opens up the possibility for the therapeutic use of dietary nitrate/nitrite to enhance or restore NO levels in ocular tissues. Full article
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