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Nutrients
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Sport Supplementation for Performance and Health (Volume II)
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Sport Supplementation for Performance and Health (Volume II)

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2024 | Viewed by 8032

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Raúl Domínguez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
2. Studies Research Group in Neuromuscular Responses (GEPREN), University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
Interests: sports nutrition; muscle function; cardiorespiratory responses; ergogenic aids; diet
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sports supplementation is common among athletes of different sports modalities and competitive levels. Athletes use sports supplementation mainly to enhance sports performance and/or health. Sports supplements could be useful for supporting energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient levels for athletes in training and competition or traveling. Sport supplementation could be helpful for ensuring a suitable nutritional status in athletes, preventing nutritional deficiencies or stimulating recovery after training sessions. Nevertheless, specific sports supplements could improve sports performance, either enhancing neuromuscular or psychological performance or mood before or during exercise. Using sports supplementation includes the following three principles: safety, effectiveness, and legality.

The number of sports supplements and trademarks on the market is numerous, and athletes usually an alarming selection of sports supplements with regard to safety, effectiveness, and legality. This Special Issue seeks to promote the results of all the original research studies focused on the safety, effectiveness, and legality of sports supplements with practical implications for athletes on their sports performance and health. In addition, systematic reviews and meta-analyses focused on this topic will be considered as relevant in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Raúl Domínguez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • athlete
  • ergogenic aid
  • exercise
  • dietetic
  • nutrition
  • sport
  • supplement

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 759 KiB  
Article
Pattern of Consumption of Sports Supplements of Spanish Handball Players: Differences According to Gender and Competitive Level
by David Romero-García, José Miguel Martínez-Sanz, Jaime Sebastiá-Rico, Carmen Manchado and Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
Nutrients 2024, 16(2), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020315 - 20 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1105
Abstract
(1) Background: Given the physiological characteristics of handball, players may require the use of certain sports supplements (SS). However, very few studies have investigated the consumption of SS in handball. The aims were to determine the number of handball players who consume SS, [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Given the physiological characteristics of handball, players may require the use of certain sports supplements (SS). However, very few studies have investigated the consumption of SS in handball. The aims were to determine the number of handball players who consume SS, to analyze their SS consumption pattern according to gender and competitive level, and to assess whether the SS they consume are supported by scientific evidence, and to which group they belong according to the classification of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). (2) Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was carried out on the habitual consumption of SS in 360 federated Spanish players by using a self-administered and validated questionnaire. (3) Results: These showed 65.8% of the sample consumed SS. According to the total number of participants, the most consumed supplements were from Group A: sports drinks (30.8%) and whey protein (30.4%). When analyzing the data by gender, the men’s consumption was significantly higher for whey protein (p < 0.001), caffeine (p = 0.009), and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001). When analyzed by competitive level, the provincial category players group showed a significantly lower consumption than the rest of the groups for protein bars (p = 0.038), whey protein (p = 0.005) and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001), while the honor division group showed a significantly higher intake of creatine monohydrate than the remaining groups (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The handball players showed a moderate consumption of SS, without using substances that were not supported by scientific evidence and opting in most cases for supplements belonging to group A from the AIS classification. Men tended to consume more SS, and SS consumption increased based on competitive level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Supplementation for Performance and Health (Volume II))
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16 pages, 1474 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Sports Supplement Consumption in 1688 Federated Road Cyclists
by Jesús García-Durán, José Antonio González-Jurado and Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver
Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010123 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 925
Abstract
The widespread use of sports supplements (SS) to enhance athletic performance extends to cyclists, although little research has been conducted on this subject within this sport. This descriptive and cross-sectional study involved 1688 federated road cyclists, aiming to analyse the pattern of SS [...] Read more.
The widespread use of sports supplements (SS) to enhance athletic performance extends to cyclists, although little research has been conducted on this subject within this sport. This descriptive and cross-sectional study involved 1688 federated road cyclists, aiming to analyse the pattern of SS consumption concerning the degree of scientific evidence and different categories. This study categorised SS based on the groups and subgroups established by the Australian Sport Institute (AIS, 2023) based on the level of evidence. Our results showed that 62.5% of the sample cyclists used SS, with an average of 12.2 ± 8.6 supplements consumed per participant. Health status (78.2%), pharmacies (62.5%), and medical doctors (45.7%) were the main reasons, purchase sites, and sources of information for SS consumption, respectively. The most prevalent SS consumed were Sports Gels (94%), Sports Bars (89.3%), and Sports Drinks (73.8%). Notably, 80% of the top ten most consumed SS belonged to the group with the highest level of evidence according to the AIS, with an average of 6.9 ± 3.2 supplements per participant. However, 23.3% of the total SS consumers used prohibited substances. In conclusion, while the prevalence of SS consumption among road cyclists is considerable and the primary sources for purchasing SS and obtaining advice are reliable, there is a notable prevalence of prohibited substance use within the sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Supplementation for Performance and Health (Volume II))
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Review

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22 pages, 2302 KiB  
Review
Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Fat Oxidation Rate during Fed-State Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Javier Fernández-Sánchez, Daniel Trujillo-Colmena, Adrián Rodríguez-Castaño, Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez, Juan Del Coso, Arturo Casado and Daniel Collado-Mateo
Nutrients 2024, 16(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020207 - 08 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1944
Abstract
Pre-exercise intake of caffeine (from ~3 to 9 mg/kg) has been demonstrated as an effective supplementation strategy to increase fat oxidation during fasted exercise. However, a pre-exercise meal can alter the potential effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise as caffeine modifies [...] Read more.
Pre-exercise intake of caffeine (from ~3 to 9 mg/kg) has been demonstrated as an effective supplementation strategy to increase fat oxidation during fasted exercise. However, a pre-exercise meal can alter the potential effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise as caffeine modifies postprandial glycaemic and insulinemic responses. Hypothetically, the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation may be reduced or even withdrawn during fed-state exercise. The present systematic review aimed to meta-analyse investigations on the effect of acute caffeine intake on the rate of fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise performed in the fed state (last meal < 5 h before exercise). A total of 18 crossover trials with randomised and placebo-controlled protocols and published between 1982 and 2021 were included, with a total of 228 participants (185 males and 43 females). Data were extracted to compare rates of fat oxidation during exercise with placebo and caffeine at the same exercise intensity, which reported 20 placebo–caffeine pairwise comparisons. A meta-analysis of the studies was performed, using the standardised mean difference (SMD) estimated from Hedges’ g, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In comparison with the placebo, caffeine increased the rate of fat oxidation during fed-state exercise (number of comparisons (n) = 20; p = 0.020, SMD = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.20 to 1.20). Only studies with a dose < 6 mg/kg of caffeine (n = 13) increased the rate of fat oxidation during fed-state exercise (p = 0.004, SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.27 to 1.45), while no such effect was observed in studies with doses ≥6 mg/kg (n = 7; p = 0.97, SMD = −0.03, 95% CI = −1.40 to 1.35). The effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during fed-state exercise was observed in active untrained individuals (n = 13; p < 0.001, SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.30) but not in aerobically trained participants (n = 7; p = 0.27, SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = −0.39 to 1.39). Likewise, the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation was observed in caffeine-naïve participants (n = 9; p < 0.001, SMD = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.45 to 1.19) but not in caffeine consumers (n = 3; p = 0.54, SMD = 0.57, 95% CI = −1.23 to 2.37). In conclusion, acute caffeine intake in combination with a meal ingested within 5 h before the onset of exercise increased the rate of fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise. The magnitude of the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during fed-state exercise may be modulated by the dose of caffeine administered (higher with <6 mg/kg than with ≥6 mg/kg), participants’ aerobic fitness level (higher in active than in aerobically trained individuals), and habituation to caffeine (higher in caffeine-naïve than in caffeine consumers). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Supplementation for Performance and Health (Volume II))
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Other

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14 pages, 572 KiB  
Systematic Review
Healthy Behavior and Sports Drinks: A Systematic Review
by Nicolás Muñoz-Urtubia, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Carla Estrada-Muñoz, Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda, Nicolás Contreras-Barraza and Dante Castillo
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2915; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132915 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3501
Abstract
This review article aims to systematically identify the relationship between sports drinks and healthy behavior. This systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline criteria, and eligibility criteria were established using the PICOS [...] Read more.
This review article aims to systematically identify the relationship between sports drinks and healthy behavior. This systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline criteria, and eligibility criteria were established using the PICOS tool (population, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study) from about 1000 records of sports drinks articles identified in the various Web of Science Core Collection databases. The literature review stages determined a reduced set of 15 articles relating these drinkable supplements to healthy behavior. This study concludes that water consumption should be emphasized for non-athletes, sports drinks should be labeled to indicate water consumption and carry a warning label, and more randomized clinical trials should be considered to ensure conclusive results for health decision making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport Supplementation for Performance and Health (Volume II))
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