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Nutrients
Special Issues
Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Related to Sports
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Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Related to Sports

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2024 | Viewed by 4104

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yoshio Suzuki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: human health; nutrition; exercise physiology; intestinal microbiota

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While playing sports, the skeletal muscles require huge amounts of ATP compared to when the body is at rest. However, the intramuscular ATP concentration is very low (~5 mmol/kg), which allows only a few seconds of strenuous exercise, such as sprinting. Thus, ATP resynthesis is required.

Phosphagen and glycolytic systems provide the highest amount of ATP during ball games and field sports requiring intermittent high-intensity activities, while oxidative phosphorylation is utilized in endurance sports. However, the regulation of these energy delivery systems is not completely understood. For instance, there could still be unknown mechanisms present behind the well-studied “lactate” during exercise. Recently, extracellular lactate was reported to enhance TGF-β2 secretion from adipocyte and reactive oxygen species production in myoblast; moreover, it was reported to be influenced by citrate and intestinal microbiota.

Energy metabolism could be affected by training, metabolism, and nutrients/food substances consumed before or during the sports event. Role sharing among organs in systemic energy metabolism during sports events and exercise is also an intriguing issue.

This Special Issue calls for cutting-edge papers on energy metabolism during sports events or exercise. Significant findings related to energy metabolism are also acceptable, even if the research does not directly examine the metabolic parameters. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, and original research studies are all acceptable submissions for this Issue.

Prof. Dr. Yoshio Suzuki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fuel selection
  • mouth rinse
  • creatine phosphate
  • lactate
  • blood glucose
  • free fatty acid
  • keton body
  • buffering system
  • signal transduction

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 589 KiB  
Article
Carbohydrate Mouth Rinses before Exercise Improve Performance of Romanian Deadlift Exercise: A Randomized Crossover Study
by Tsung-Jen Yang, Yi-Jie Shiu, Che-Hsiu Chen, Sheng-Yan Yu, Ya-Ying Hsu and Chih-Hui Chiu
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081248 - 22 Apr 2024
Viewed by 510
Abstract
(1) Background: This study compared the effects of mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate trial (CMR) and a placebo trial (PL) on concentric and eccentric contraction strength in multi-joint resistance exercise performance. (2) Methods: Twenty healthy adult men (age: 22.4 ± 3.7 years, body [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study compared the effects of mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate trial (CMR) and a placebo trial (PL) on concentric and eccentric contraction strength in multi-joint resistance exercise performance. (2) Methods: Twenty healthy adult men (age: 22.4 ± 3.7 years, body mass index: 26 ± 3.8, peak power: 378.3 ± 138.7 W) were recruited in this study. Participants were employed in a double-blind, randomized crossover design to divide participants into carbohydrate mouth rinsing trial (CMR) and placebo trial (PL). After warming up, participants used 6.6% maltodextrin (CMR) or mineral water (PL) to rinse their mouth for 20 s. Next, the participants underwent tests of maximum inertial Romanian deadlift resistance exercise comprising five sets of six reps, with 3 min rests between sets. After deducting the first repetition of each set, the mean values from the five sets were analyzed. (3) Results: The concentric peak power of the CMR trial was significantly higher than that of the PL trial (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.46), the eccentric peak power of the CMR trial was significantly higher than that of the PL trial (p = 0.008, Cohen’s d = 0.56), and the total work of the CMR trial was significantly higher than that of PL trial (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.51). (4) Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that mouth rinsing with carbohydrates before exercise can improve concentric and eccentric contraction strength in multi-joint resistance exercise performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Related to Sports)
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12 pages, 1834 KiB  
Article
Continuous Monitoring of Interstitial Fluid Glucose Responses to Endurance Exercise with Different Levels of Carbohydrate Intake
by Chiyori Hiromatsu, Naoto Kasahara, Chao-An Lin, Feifei Wang and Kazushige Goto
Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4746; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224746 - 10 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1212
Abstract
We compared the 24 h changes in interstitial fluid glucose concentration (IGC) following a simulated soccer match between subjects consuming a high-carbohydrate (HCHO; 8 g/kg BW/day) diet and those consuming a moderate-carbohydrate (MCHO; 4 g/kg BW/day) diet. Eight active healthy males participated in [...] Read more.
We compared the 24 h changes in interstitial fluid glucose concentration (IGC) following a simulated soccer match between subjects consuming a high-carbohydrate (HCHO; 8 g/kg BW/day) diet and those consuming a moderate-carbohydrate (MCHO; 4 g/kg BW/day) diet. Eight active healthy males participated in two different trials. The subjects were provided with the prescribed diets from days 1 to 3. On day 3, the subjects performed 90 min (2 bouts × 45 min) of exercise simulating a soccer match. The IGC of the upper arm was continuously monitored from days 1 to 4. No significant difference in the IGC was observed between trials during exercise. The total area under the curve (t-AUC) value during exercise did not significantly differ between the HCHO (9719 ± 305 mg/dL·90 min) and MCHO (9991 ± 140 mg/dL·90 min). Serum total ketone body and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were significantly higher in the MCHO than in the HCHO after a second bout of exercise. No significant differences in the IGC were observed between trials at any time point during the night after exercise (0:00–7:00). In addition, t-AUC value during the night did not significantly differ between the HCHO (32,378 ± 873 mg/dL·420 min) and MCHO (31,749 ± 633 mg/dL·420 min). In conclusion, two days of consuming different carbohydrate intake levels did not significantly affect the IGC during a 90 min simulated soccer match. Moreover, the IGC during the night following the exercise did not significantly differ between the two trials despite the different carbohydrate intake levels (8 vs. 4 g/kg BW/day). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Related to Sports)
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18 pages, 3223 KiB  
Article
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Increases Exercise Performance and Alters Mitochondrial Respiration and AMPK in Healthy Males
by Deepti Nayyar, Xu Yan, Guoqin Xu, Min Shi, Andrew P. Garnham, Michael L. Mathai and Andrew J. McAinch
Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4721; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224721 - 08 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1798
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum) on exercise performance, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitochondrial signaling in human muscle. This randomized double-blind placebo control crossover study provided placebo or 450 mg of G. pentaphyllum dried [...] Read more.
This research aimed to determine the effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum) on exercise performance, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitochondrial signaling in human muscle. This randomized double-blind placebo control crossover study provided placebo or 450 mg of G. pentaphyllum dried leaf extract equivalent to 2.25 g of dry leaf per day for four weeks to 16 healthy untrained young males, separated by four weeks wash-out. Following 4-week supplementation with G. pentaphyllum, participants had significantly lower leptin and blood glucose levels and improved time trial performance over 20 km, which corresponded with a higher muscle oxygen flux compared to placebo. Muscle AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation significantly increased after 60 min exercise following G. pentaphyllum supplementation. AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation levels relative to total AMPK increased earlier following exercise with G. pentaphyllum compared to placebo. Total ACC-α was lower following G. pentaphyllum supplementation compared to placebo. While further research is warranted, G. pentaphyllum supplementation improved exercise performance in healthy untrained males, which corresponded with improved mitochondrial respiration, altered AMPK and ACC, and decreased plasma leptin and glucose levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Related to Sports)
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