The Role of Bioactive Compounds in Blood Glucose Control

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 July 2024 | Viewed by 2749

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
Interests: glucose homeostasis; food supplement; abscisic acid; molecular mechanisms of signal transduction; insulin resistance; diabetes and related metabolic syndrome

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The control of glucose homeostasis represents the primary goal for the prevention of prediabetes, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is growing in incidence, and its control involves numerous challenges; in particular, type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent form, affecting more than 90% of total diabetes subjects, and is characterized by decreased β-cell insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. The application of therapeutic strategies aiming to contrast hyperglycemia is essential; albeit many of the measures are based on improving life habits and pharmacological treatment, these interventions are often difficult to support due to several serious side-effects and fail to significantly alter the course of diabetic complications. Therefore, the development of novel strategies is necessary, and new bioactive compounds, present in food or released from human cells, able to improve glycemic control, stimulating glucose uptake, metabolism, and increasing insulin sensitivity, have recently attracted considerable interest.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect original research articles, short communications, and reviews on new bioactive compounds as promising and innovative molecules able to contribute to the management of glucose homeostasis, including their molecular mechanisms in diabetes and all related metabolic syndromes.

Dr. Sturla Laura
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • bioactive molecules
  • glycemia control
  • diabetes
  • insulin sensitivity
  • human health
  • human diet
  • molecular mechanisms
  • biological activity

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 2061 KiB  
Review
Interactions between Intestinal Homeostasis and NAD+ Biology in Regulating Incretin Production and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism
by Taichi Nagahisa, Shotaro Kosugi and Shintaro Yamaguchi
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1494; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061494 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2416
Abstract
The intestine has garnered attention as a target organ for developing new therapies for impaired glucose tolerance. The intestine, which produces incretin hormones, is the central regulator of glucose metabolism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production, which determines postprandial glucose levels, is regulated by intestinal [...] Read more.
The intestine has garnered attention as a target organ for developing new therapies for impaired glucose tolerance. The intestine, which produces incretin hormones, is the central regulator of glucose metabolism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production, which determines postprandial glucose levels, is regulated by intestinal homeostasis. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-mediated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis in major metabolic organs such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in obesity- and aging-associated organ derangements. Furthermore, NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis in the intestines and its upstream and downstream mediators, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuins (SIRTs), respectively, are critical for intestinal homeostasis, including gut microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism, and GLP-1 production. Thus, boosting the intestinal AMPK–NAMPT–NAD+–SIRT pathway to improve intestinal homeostasis, GLP-1 production, and postprandial glucose metabolism has gained significant attention as a novel strategy to improve impaired glucose tolerance. Herein, we aimed to review in detail the regulatory mechanisms and importance of intestinal NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis in regulating intestinal homeostasis and GLP-1 secretion in obesity and aging. Furthermore, dietary and molecular factors regulating intestinal NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis were critically explored to facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for postprandial glucose dysregulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Bioactive Compounds in Blood Glucose Control)
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