Low-Calorie Sweeteners: Benefits and Risks in Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbohydrates".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 May 2024 | Viewed by 7505

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (ECP), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Interests: low-calorie sweeteners; endocrinology; diabetes; obesity; nephrology; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics

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Guest Editor
NutriSci Inc., Mt. Kisco, NY, USA
Interests: low-calorie sweeteners; dietary fats and satiety; obesity; behavioral neuroscience; developmental psychobiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Selected low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) have been used for over 100 years to replace nutritive sweeteners such as sucrose with the goal of enabling calorie reduction, weight management, and possible improvement of several related metabolic consequences of overweight and obesity. While numerous worldwide regulatory bodies have approved many LCS as safe for human consumption, there remain controversies over possible negative outcomes from the use of these substances over time. For example, recent research suggests that aspartame and sucralose may alter the composition of the gut microbiome. Others have suggested that there may be negative cardiovascular outcomes from aspartame and acesulfame K. A fundamental issue that is often not addressed in both the epidemiologic research and consumer communities is that LCS with vastly different structures, metabolisms and physiological consequences are grouped together based solely on the fact that they have a sweet taste and few or zero calories. There are also newer compounds such as flavors with modifying properties (FMPs) that augment sweet taste and are less studied. This Special Issue seeks to highlight both the potential benefits and risks of the use of LCS in human health with particular emphasis on examining individual sweetener substitutes to avoid inferring class effects where none have yet been substantiated. 

Dr. John St. Peter
Dr. Danielle Greenberg
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • low-calorie sweeteners
  • obesity
  • gut microbiome
  • weight management
  • chronic disease
  • sweetener systems
  • sweet taste
  • flavors with modifying properties (FMPs)

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 957 KiB  
Article
Effect of Sugar Replacement with Stevia-Based Tabletop Sweetener on Weight and Cardiometabolic Health among Indian Adults
by Govindarajan Raghavan, Arohi Bapna, Arti Mehta, Akash Shah and Tejas Vyas
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071744 - 03 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3425
Abstract
Added sugars contribute to caloric intake in the diet, which may lead to conditions like obesity. Replacing added sugar with a natural sugar substitute like zero-calorie stevia may help in reducing sugar and caloric intake. Methods: An open-label, single-arm pilot study was conducted [...] Read more.
Added sugars contribute to caloric intake in the diet, which may lead to conditions like obesity. Replacing added sugar with a natural sugar substitute like zero-calorie stevia may help in reducing sugar and caloric intake. Methods: An open-label, single-arm pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a stevia-based tabletop sweetener among overweight subjects with normal blood sugar levels (n = 24) and overweight prediabetic subjects (n = 21). Subjects were instructed to replace added sugar in their daily diet with the test product over a study period of 90 days. Primary outcomes included change in body weight and waist circumference, while the secondary outcomes included change in blood glucose (PPBG), body mass index (BMI), and lipid parameters evaluated at baseline, 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was evaluated at baseline and 90 days. Results: When compared with the baseline, a significant reduction in weight (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.001) was observed at Day 90 in overweight subjects. Similarly, in overweight prediabetic subjects, a significant reduction in weight (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.05) with non-significant change in HbA1c was observed at Day 90 from baseline. In a subgroup analysis, among the subjects who lost weight, 2.12 kg (n = 35) weight loss and 4.78 cm (n = 32) reduction in waist circumference were observed at 90 days. No adverse outcomes were reported throughout the study period. The consumption of steviol glycosides was within the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Conclusions: Replacing added sugar in the daily diet with stevia-based tabletop sweetener, along with a physical activity regimen, promotes weight loss and reduction in waist circumference in overweight subjects with normal blood sugar levels and prediabetic subjects (CTRI/2019/12/022470). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Calorie Sweeteners: Benefits and Risks in Human Health)
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Review

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21 pages, 3541 KiB  
Review
Sweeteners and the Gut Microbiome: Effects on Gastrointestinal Cancers
by Raghad Khalid AL-Ishaq, Peter Kubatka and Dietrich Büsselberg
Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3675; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173675 - 22 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Worldwide, the demand for natural and synthetic sweeteners in the food industry as an alternative to refined sugar is increasing. This has prompted more research to be conducted to estimate its safety and effects on health. The gut microbiome is critical in metabolizing [...] Read more.
Worldwide, the demand for natural and synthetic sweeteners in the food industry as an alternative to refined sugar is increasing. This has prompted more research to be conducted to estimate its safety and effects on health. The gut microbiome is critical in metabolizing selected sweeteners which might affect overall health. Recently, more studies have evaluated the relationship between sweeteners and the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role played by the gut microbiome in metabolizing selected sweeteners. It also addresses the influence of the five selected sweeteners and their metabolites on GI cancer-related pathways. Overall, the observed positive effects of sweetener consumption on GI cancer pathways, such as apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, require further investigation in order to understand the underlying mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Calorie Sweeteners: Benefits and Risks in Human Health)
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