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Nutrients
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Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases
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Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2024 | Viewed by 14979

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Iñaki Elío

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
Interests: nutrition and metabolism; clinical nutrition; dietetics; diet therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Nutrition (food) is composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, broken down by enzymes in the digestive system, and the body uses these to store them in the liver, muscle tissues, or body fat.

Metabolic disorders are caused by deficiencies or excesses of the nutrients altering our healthy state, deficiencies of enzymes necessary to a specific chemical reaction, abnormal chemical reactions that make metabolic processes difficult, and organ diseases in the liver, pancreas, or endocrine glands. 

The most common metabolic diseases are the two types of diabetes. The cause of Type 1 is unknown, and Type 2 can be acquired or potentially triggered by genetic factors. Prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension are the principal pathologies that are related to overweight and obesity, especially with abdominal fat distribution. 

Glucose–galactose malabsorption, which creates a defect in transporting glucose and galactose through the stomach lining, causes severe diarrhea, with it being necessary to remove lactose, sucrose, and glucose from the diet. Phenylketonuria (PKU), caused by the inability to produce the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, causes organ damage and mental retardation, and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) disrupts the metabolism of certain amino acids, causing the degeneration of neurons. 

Papers addressing these topics are invited for this Special Issue, especially those combining the relation of diet and nutrition in the prevention or the treatment of metabolic disorders.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in IJERPH.

Prof. Dr. Iñaki Elío
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obesity
  • overweight
  • metabolic syndrome
  • prediabetes
  • diabetes
  • bariatric surgery
  • dyslipidemia
  • eating behavior
  • non-alcoholic fatty liver
  • phenylketonuria
  • maple syrup urine disease
  • glucose-galactose malabsorption
  • homocystinuria
  • urea cycle disorder

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1211 KiB  
Article
Impact of Brewers’ Spent Grain-Containing Biscuit on Postprandial Glycaemic Response in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Crossover Randomised Controlled Trial
by Yujing Xu, Zi Ning Leong, Weijia Zhang, Xinrui Jin, Jia Wen Kong, Gregory Chung Tsing Chan and Jung Eun Kim
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060909 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 649
Abstract
Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is a fibre and protein-rich by-product of beer-brewing. Fermenting BSG with Rhizopus oligosporus can further increase its content of soluble fibre, protein and certain antioxidants. Since nutrients rich in BSG can improve postprandial glycaemic response, this study assessed the [...] Read more.
Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is a fibre and protein-rich by-product of beer-brewing. Fermenting BSG with Rhizopus oligosporus can further increase its content of soluble fibre, protein and certain antioxidants. Since nutrients rich in BSG can improve postprandial glycaemic response, this study assessed the postprandial glucose response (PPGR) and postprandial insulin response (PPIR) controlling effect of consuming 30% wheat flour substituted biscuits with autoclaved BSG (ABSG) or fermented BSG (FBSG) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The effect on postprandial lipid panel, breath hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) concentration and subjective appetite response was also examined. Fifteen subjects with MetS participated in this crossover randomised controlled trial, and blood was collected at 9 time-points for 4 h after consumption of control biscuits (Control), ABSG and FBSG. A significant interaction effect was observed (Pinteraction = 0.013) for the glucose time-points concentration. At 180 min, the glucose concentration was lowered after the consumption of ABSG (p = 0.010) and FBSG (p = 0.012) compared to the Control. Moreover, the FBSG resulted in a significantly lower glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC) compared to the Control (p = 0.028). Insulin level was also lowered at 180 min after the ABSG (p = 0.010) and FBSG (p = 0.051) consumption compared to the Control. However, no difference was noted for postprandial lipid panel, breath H2 and CH4 concentration and subjective appetite response. In conclusion, the consumption of BSG-incorporated biscuits can attenuate PPGR, and fermented BSG incorporation conferred a further PPGR controlling benefit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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18 pages, 2587 KiB  
Article
Factors Impacting the Reduction in Neophobia Prevalence in Phenylketonuria Patients
by Meda-Ada Bugi, Iulius Jugănaru, Raluca Isac, Iulia-Elena Simina, Andrei-Ioan Munteanu, Niculina Mang, Georgiana-Flavia Brad, Delia-Maria Nicoară, Daniela Cîrnatu and Otilia Mărginean
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060768 - 07 Mar 2024
Viewed by 703
Abstract
Food neophobia (FN), the fear of sampling new foods, can have a significant impact on children’s eating habits. Children with phenylketonuria (PKU), a hereditary condition that inhibits the body’s capacity to metabolize phenylalanine, should take this attitude with caution. Patients with PKU must [...] Read more.
Food neophobia (FN), the fear of sampling new foods, can have a significant impact on children’s eating habits. Children with phenylketonuria (PKU), a hereditary condition that inhibits the body’s capacity to metabolize phenylalanine, should take this attitude with caution. Patients with PKU must follow a rigorous phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet to avoid brain malfunction that can include intellectual disability, seizures, and behavioral difficulties. The novelty of our work stems from the fact that we explored the origins of this incorrect intake pattern, which exacerbates PKU patients’ already fragile health. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 34 previously diagnosed phenylketonuria patients and a control group ranging in age from 7 months to 40 years, with a sex ratio of M/F 2:1. The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) was used to determine neophobia. We used JASP (version 0.18.1) statistical analysis to examine the relationship between neophobia and PKU condition, age and nutritional status at the time of study, diet compliance, parental educational level, period from birth to PKU diagnosis, and environmental (rural/urban) provenience of PKU patients. According to the data, 61.76% of patients with PKU were neophobic, as were 70.57% of the control group. Food neophobia was associated with PKU patients’ present age, the period from birth to PKU diagnosis, and parental educational level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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19 pages, 5121 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in a Dish: Human Precision-Cut Liver Slices as a Platform for Drug Screening and Interventions
by Mei Li, Frederik T. Larsen, Marius C. van den Heuvel, Konstanze Gier, Alan R. Gorter, Dorenda Oosterhuis, Johan Bijzet, Vincent E. de Meijer, Kim Ravnskjaer, Anika Nagelkerke and Peter Olinga
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050626 - 23 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1039
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing healthcare problem with limited therapeutic options. Progress in this field depends on the availability of reliable preclinical models. Human precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) have been employed to replicate the initiation of MASLD, but a [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing healthcare problem with limited therapeutic options. Progress in this field depends on the availability of reliable preclinical models. Human precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) have been employed to replicate the initiation of MASLD, but a comprehensive investigation into MASLD progression is still missing. This study aimed to extend the current incubation time of human PCLSs to examine different stages in MASLD. Healthy human PCLSs were cultured for up to 96 h in a medium enriched with high sugar, high insulin, and high fatty acids to induce MASLD. PCLSs displayed hepatic steatosis, characterized by accumulated intracellular fat. The development of hepatic steatosis appeared to involve a time-dependent impact on lipid metabolism, with an initial increase in fatty acid uptake and storage, and a subsequent down-regulation of lipid oxidation and secretion. PCLSs also demonstrated liver inflammation, including increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production. Additionally, liver fibrosis was also observed through the elevated production of pro-collagen 1a1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1). RNA sequencing showed that the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signaling pathway and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway were consistently activated, potentially contributing to the development of inflammation and fibrosis. In conclusion, the prolonged incubation of human PCLSs can establish a robust ex vivo model for MASLD, facilitating the identification and evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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Review

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18 pages, 1696 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Royal Jelly in Metabolic Disorders and Gastrointestinal Diseases
by Hesham R. El-Seedi, Suzy Salama, Aida A. Abd El-Wahed, Zhiming Guo, Alessandro Di Minno, Maria Daglia, Chuan Li, Xiao Guan, Daniele Giuseppe Buccato, Shaden A. M. Khalifa and Kai Wang
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030393 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1368
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, encompassing diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, etc., pose a substantial global health threat, with rising morbidity and mortality rates. Addressing these disorders is crucial, as conventional drugs often come with high costs and adverse effects. This review explores the potential [...] Read more.
Metabolic disorders, encompassing diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, etc., pose a substantial global health threat, with rising morbidity and mortality rates. Addressing these disorders is crucial, as conventional drugs often come with high costs and adverse effects. This review explores the potential of royal jelly (RJ), a natural bee product rich in bioactive components, as an alternative strategy for managing metabolic diseases. RJ exhibits diverse therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, estrogen-like, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. This review’s focus is on investigating how RJ and its components impact conditions like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal illnesses. Evidence suggests that RJ serves as a complementary treatment for various health issues, notably demonstrating cholesterol- and glucose-lowering effects in diabetic rats. Specific RJ-derived metabolites, such as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), also known as the “Queen bee acid,” show promise in reducing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Recent research highlights RJ’s role in modulating immune responses, enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and suppressing key inflammatory mediators. Despite these promising findings, further research is needed to comprehensively understand the mechanisms underlying RJ’s therapeutic effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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20 pages, 2283 KiB  
Review
The Role of Probiotics in Skin Health and Related Gut–Skin Axis: A Review
by Ting Gao, Xiaoyu Wang, Yixuan Li and Fazheng Ren
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3123; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143123 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 10800
Abstract
Aging skin, wrinkles, pigmentation, and dryness are problems that plague people, and researchers are working to solve them. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microbiota homeostasis can influence skin health, demonstrating the existence of a gut–skin axis. Recently, improving skin health through probiotic [...] Read more.
Aging skin, wrinkles, pigmentation, and dryness are problems that plague people, and researchers are working to solve them. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microbiota homeostasis can influence skin health, demonstrating the existence of a gut–skin axis. Recently, improving skin health through probiotic interventions has been proposed, and micro-ecological skin care is becoming a popular concept. By regulating skin health and gut–skin axis interactions, probiotics can be used as potential management tools to suppress and improve skin diseases in multiple ways, including decreasing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and keeping immune effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the application and mechanisms of probiotic-mediated gut microbiota homeostasis in skin care and to offer a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in skin care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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