The Role of Microbiota in Nutrition and Diet: An Ever-Evolving Relationship

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2024 | Viewed by 1309

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: gut microbiota; proteomics; metabolomics; cardiovascular diseases; nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The relationship between microbiota, diet, and nutrition is crucial for human health. The intestinal microbiota, composed of billions of microorganisms, plays a fundamental role in digestion, the immune system, and nutrient synthesis. Diet significantly influences the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Consuming foods rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and probiotics promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, while a diet high in saturated fats and sugars can imbalance the microbiota, increasing the risk of metabolic diseases and gastrointestinal disorders.

The microbiota also influences the absorption of nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, directly impacting an individual's nutritional status. For example, certain gut bacteria participate in the production of vitamins B and K, essential for various bodily functions. In turn, nutrition affects the health of the microbiota, as a balanced and varied diet provides the necessary nutrients to maintain a healthy microbial ecosystem.

This symbiotic relationship between microbiota, diet, and nutrition underscores the importance of adopting healthy eating habits to favor bacterial diversity and promote balance within the body, thereby contributing to disease prevention and optimal health maintenance.

Dr. Luís Collado-Yurrita
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microbiota
  • diet
  • nutrition
  • allergy
  • irritable colon
  • oral biofilm
  • butyrate
  • probiotics

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2819 KiB  
Article
Effects of Gluten on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Gastrointestinal Disorders, Migraine, and Dermatitis
by Ismael San Mauro Martín, Sara López Oliva, Elena Garicano Vilar, Guerthy Melissa Sánchez Niño, Bruno F. Penadés, Ana Terrén Lora, Sara Sanz Rojo and Luis Collado Yurrita
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081228 - 20 Apr 2024
Viewed by 470
Abstract
As gluten may trigger gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs), its presence or absence in the diet can change the diversity and proportion of gut microbiota. The effects of gluten after six weeks of a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with a gluten-free diet (GFD) were studied in [...] Read more.
As gluten may trigger gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs), its presence or absence in the diet can change the diversity and proportion of gut microbiota. The effects of gluten after six weeks of a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with a gluten-free diet (GFD) were studied in participants with GIDs suffering from migraines and atopic dermatitis (n = 46). Clinical biomarkers, digestive symptoms, stool, the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire, and zonulin levels were analyzed. Next-generation sequencing was used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of fungi. The GFD increased Chao1 fungal diversity after the intervention, while the fungal composition showed no changes. Bacterial diversity and composition remained stable, but a positive association between bacterial and fungal Chao1 diversity and a negative association between Dothideomycetes and Akkermansia were observed. GIDs decreased in both groups and migraines improved in the placebo group. Our findings may aid the development of GID treatment strategies. Full article
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17 pages, 5274 KiB  
Article
A Free Amino Acid Diet Alleviates Colorectal Tumorigenesis through Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites
by Yang-Meng Yu, Gui-Fang Li, Yi-Lin Ren, Xin-Yi Xu, Zheng-Hong Xu, Yan Geng and Yong Mao
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071040 - 03 Apr 2024
Viewed by 665
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a major global health concern, may be influenced by dietary protein digestibility impacting gut microbiota and metabolites, which is crucial for cancer therapy effectiveness. This study explored the effects of a casein protein diet (CTL) versus a free amino acid [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a major global health concern, may be influenced by dietary protein digestibility impacting gut microbiota and metabolites, which is crucial for cancer therapy effectiveness. This study explored the effects of a casein protein diet (CTL) versus a free amino acid (FAA)-based diet on CRC progression, gut microbiota, and metabolites using carcinogen-induced (AOM/DSS) and spontaneous genetically induced (ApcMin/+ mice) CRC mouse models. Comprehensive approaches including 16s rRNA gene sequencing, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and immunohistochemistry were utilized. We found that the FAA significantly attenuated CRC progression, evidenced by reduced colonic shortening and histopathological alterations compared to the CTL diet. Notably, the FAA enriched beneficial gut bacteria like Akkermansia and Bacteroides and reversed CRC-associated dysbiosis. Metabolomic analysis highlighted an increase in ornithine cycle metabolites and specific fatty acids, such as Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), in FAA-fed mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that FAA up-regulated Egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 3 (Egln 3) and downregulated several cancer-associated pathways including Hippo, mTOR, and Wnt signaling. Additionally, DPA was found to significantly induce EGLN 3 expression in CRC cell lines. These results suggest that FAA modulate gut microbial composition, enhance protective metabolites, improve gut barrier functions, and inhibit carcinogenic pathways. Full article
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