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Dental Biomaterials: Physical, Mechanical, Surface Properties and Biocompatibility
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Dental Biomaterials: Physical, Mechanical, Surface Properties and Biocompatibility

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 6078

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gaetano Paolone

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Dental School, Vita Salute University, 20132 Milan, Italy
Interests: restorative dentistry; dental biomaterials; CAD/CAM; composites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicola Scotti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
Interests: ental materials and prosthetic technologies; restorative dentistry; adhesion; oral diseases; aesthetic dentistry; endodontics; teeth; periodontics; dentistry; adhesives; operative dentistry; dental materials; composite resins; dental caries; clinical dentistry; esthetic dentistry; dental education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dental biomaterials are continuously improving in every aspect: physical, mechanical, aesthetic, and in terms of biocompatibility. Resin-based composites and ceramics provide the clinician an amazing portfolio of materials with different properties. Composites, for example, have completely evolved since their introduction in the market. Manufacturers improved either the matrix or the fillers allowing for high-performance polymers. Nowadays, nanotechnology has also allowed for the providing of smart fillers inside the composites. This has allowed improved mechanical and optical performance of resin-based composites. Ceramic has also undergone a great evolution, with the introduction of advanced materials, such as leucite-reinforced and lithium disilicate materials. Last but not least, zirconia is gaining more and more popularity thanks to its evolution and improvement in terms of optical properties.

This Special Issue will focus on the properties (physical, mechanical, surface) and on the biocompatibility of the above-mentioned aesthetic dental biomaterials. We accept papers either on conventional material or on CAD-CAM ones.

I invite you to submit research papers, short communications, or systematic reviews related with the topics of this Special Issue. Original contributions can range from a scientific basis to experimental studies, and clinical applications of advanced materials used for restorative dental applications.

Accepted topics:

  • CAD-CAM materials;
  • Resin-based composites;
  • Ceramics;
  • Zirconia.

Dr. Gaetano Paolone
Dr. Nicola Scotti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • resin based composites
  • ceramic
  • lithium-disilicate
  • leucite-reinforced ceramic
  • cad-cam
  • zirconia
  • feldspatic ceramic
  • e-max
  • esthetic dentistry
  • adhesive dentistry

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2225 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Effect of Electronic Cigarette Devices/Vape on the Color of Dental Ceramics: An In Vitro Investigation
by Ghada Alrabeah, Syed Rashid Habib, Nawaf M. Alamro and Meshari A. Alzaaqi
Materials 2023, 16(11), 3977; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16113977 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1154
Abstract
The use of vaping or electronic cigarette devices (ECDs) has recently increased as an alternative to conventional tobacco smoking products. By recording the CIELAB coordinates (L*a*b*) and computing the total color difference (ΔE) values using a spectrophotometer, the effect of ECDs on contemporary [...] Read more.
The use of vaping or electronic cigarette devices (ECDs) has recently increased as an alternative to conventional tobacco smoking products. By recording the CIELAB coordinates (L*a*b*) and computing the total color difference (ΔE) values using a spectrophotometer, the effect of ECDs on contemporary aesthetic dental ceramics was investigated in this in-vitro study. A total of seventy-five (N = 75) specimens from five different (n = 15) dental ceramic materials (Pressable ceramics (PEmax); Pressed and layered ceramics (LEmax); Layered zirconia (LZr); Monolithic zirconia (MZr) and Porcelain fused to metal (PFM)) were prepared and exposed to aerosols produced by the ECDs. The color assessment was performed using a spectrophotometer at six time intervals (0 = baseline; 250-puff exposures; 500-puff exposures; 750-puff exposures; 1000-puff exposures; 1250-puff exposures; and 1500-puff exposures). By recording L*a*b* and computing total color difference (ΔE) values, the data were processed. A one-way ANOVA and Tukey procedure for pairwise comparisons were used to assess color differences between tested ceramics (p < 0.05). All test materials demonstrated significant color differences (ΔE) after exposure to vaping (p < 0.05). The LZr group displayed noticeably high ΔE values at all the distinct puff exposure intervals, with the highest ΔE value of (13.67) after 1500 puffs. The lowest (ΔE) values were observed in the PFM group after 250 and 500 puffs (0.85 and 0.97, respectively). With the exception of the group PEmax (p = 0.999), all groups produced readings of “ΔE” that indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) at various degrees of puff exposures. ECDs can noticeably alter the color of the dental ceramics affecting the esthetics of the patients. All the materials tested demonstrated significant color changes (ΔE > 3.33) above the clinically acceptable threshold, except for the PFM and PEmax group (ΔE < 3.33) which showed color stability after exposure to the ECDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Biomaterials: Physical, Mechanical, Surface Properties and Biocompatibility)
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14 pages, 6564 KiB  
Article
Tribological Behavior of TiO2 PEEK Composite and Stainless Steel for Pediatric Crowns
by Ana Arieira, Sara Madeira, Flávio Rodrigues and Filipe Silva
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2420; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062420 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1397
Abstract
Dental decay still presents a major health problem among children. Its treatment usually requires the use of stainless steel crowns. This study compares the wear behavior of 316 L stainless steel and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite under identical test conditions. The wear tests were [...] Read more.
Dental decay still presents a major health problem among children. Its treatment usually requires the use of stainless steel crowns. This study compares the wear behavior of 316 L stainless steel and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite under identical test conditions. The wear tests were conducted in a reciprocating ball-on-plate tribometer (Plint TE67/R) using alumina balls as a counterface and artificial saliva as a lubricant at 37 °C to faithfully mimic oral conditions. The coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (k) values were determined and SEM/EDS examinations were performed to identify the predominant wear mechanisms. Results showed that PEEK exhibited a significantly lower coefficient of friction (COF = 0.094 ± 0.004) and thus lower wear volume (ΔV = 0.0078 ± 0.0125 mm3) and higher wear resistance, with an average value of specific wear rate of k = 9.07 × 10−6 mm3N−1m−1 when compared to stainless steel (COF = 0.32 ± 0.03, ΔV = 0.0125 ± 0.0029 mm3, k = 1.45 × 10−5 mm3N−1m−1). PEEK was revealed to be a potential material for use in pediatric crowns due to its high wear resistance while overcoming the disadvantages associated with steel at both an aesthetic and biological level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Biomaterials: Physical, Mechanical, Surface Properties and Biocompatibility)
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14 pages, 3150 KiB  
Article
A Biomechanical Analysis of the Influence of the Morfology of the Bone Blocks Grafts on the Transfer of Tension or Load to the Soft Tissue by Means of the Finite Elements Method
by Blanca Gil-Marques, Antonio Pallarés-Sabater, Aritza Brizuela-Velasco, Fernando Sánchez Lasheras, Pedro Lázaro-Calvo, María Dolores Gómez-Adrián and Carolina Larrazábal-Morón
Materials 2022, 15(24), 9039; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15249039 - 17 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1404
Abstract
Edentulism produces resorption of alveolar bone processes, which can complicate placement of dental implants. Guided bone regeneration techniques aim to recover the volume of bone. These treatments are susceptible to the surgical technique employed, the design of the autologous block or the tension [...] Read more.
Edentulism produces resorption of alveolar bone processes, which can complicate placement of dental implants. Guided bone regeneration techniques aim to recover the volume of bone. These treatments are susceptible to the surgical technique employed, the design of the autologous block or the tension of the suture. These factors can relate to major complications as the lack of primary closure and dehiscence. The present study, using finite element analysis, aimed to determine differences in terms of displacement of the oral mucosa, transferred stress according to Von Mises and deformation of soft tissue when two block graft designs (right-angled and rounded) and two levels of suture tension (0.05 and 0.2 N) were combined. The results showed that all the variables analyzed were greater with 0.2 N. Regarding the design of the block, no difference was found in the transferred stress and deformation of the soft tissue. However, displacement was related to a tendency to dehiscence (25% greater in the right-angled/chamfer design). In conclusion different biomechanical behavior was observed in the block graft depending on the design and suture tension, so it is recommended to use low suture tension and rounded design. A novel finite element analysis model is presented for future investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Biomaterials: Physical, Mechanical, Surface Properties and Biocompatibility)
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Review

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17 pages, 480 KiB  
Review
Modeling Liquids and Resin-Based Dental Composite Materials—A Scoping Review
by Gaetano Paolone, Claudia Mazzitelli, Uros Josic, Nicola Scotti, Enrico Gherlone, Giuseppe Cantatore and Lorenzo Breschi
Materials 2022, 15(11), 3759; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113759 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3331
Abstract
Several lubricant materials can be used to model resin-based composites (RBCs) during restorative procedures. Clinically, instruments or brushes are wet with bonding agents (BAs) or modeling liquids (MLs) for sculpturing purposes. However, a knowledge gap exists on their effects on the mechanical properties [...] Read more.
Several lubricant materials can be used to model resin-based composites (RBCs) during restorative procedures. Clinically, instruments or brushes are wet with bonding agents (BAs) or modeling liquids (MLs) for sculpturing purposes. However, a knowledge gap exists on their effects on the mechanical properties of RBCs, requiring greater insight. Five databases were searched, including 295 in vitro studies on the use of lubricant materials for modeling RBCs during restorative procedures. Only articles in the English language were included, with no limits on the publication date. The last piece of research was dated 24 March 2022. In total, 16 studies were included in the review process, together with a paper retrieved after screening references. A total of 17 BAs and 7 MLs were investigated. Tensile (n = 5), flexural strength (n = 2), water sorption (n = 2), color stability (n = 8) and translucency (n = 3), micro-hardness (n = 4), roughness (n = 3), degree of conversion (n = 3), and monomer elution (n = 2) tests were carried out. In general, a maximum of 24 h of artificial storage was performed (n = 13), while four papers tested the specimens immediately. The present review identifies the possibilities and limitations of modeling lubricants used during restorative procedures on the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of RBCs. Clinicians should be aware that sculpturing RBCs with modeling resins might influence the composite surface properties in a way that is material-dependent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Biomaterials: Physical, Mechanical, Surface Properties and Biocompatibility)
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