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Bioengineering
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Multiscale Mechanical Behavior of Biomaterials
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Multiscale Mechanical Behavior of Biomaterials

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 2485

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gianpaolo Serino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
Interests: multiscale mechanics of materials; biomaterials; tissue engineering; soft tissue biomechanics; cement composites; bioengineering; biomechanics; computational biomechanics; SEM-EDS; nanoindentation; data-analysis; tensile testing; contact mechanics; surface analysis; materials testing; biodynamics; mechanics of composite materials
Dr. Nicola Scotti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
Interests: ental materials and prosthetic technologies; restorative dentistry; adhesion; oral diseases; aesthetic dentistry; endodontics; teeth; periodontics; dentistry; adhesives; operative dentistry; dental materials; composite resins; dental caries; clinical dentistry; esthetic dentistry; dental education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to provide a forum for discussion of the recent advances in multiscale mechanical characterization approaches of biomaterials, such as: composite materials based on biodegradable or biocompatible matrices, and cements used for bioengineering applications, biopolymers, hydrogels and on soft tissue, in order to extend the contributions to biologically derived materials.

Standard mechanical characterization techniques, such as the uniaxial tensile/compression test, biaxial test, rheologic test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) applied at the macroscopic scale length, cannot completely characterize composite materials. During the past 40 years, the development of more complex mechanical characterization techniques at the micro- and nano-scales allowed these kinds of materials to be examined through a new and interesting perspective. The scope of this Issue includes basic research on the effect that the interactions at different scale levels have on the mechanical behavior of materials, as well as the applied testing protocols adopted to evaluate their mechanical characteristics at macro- and micro-scale lengths.

Dr. Gianpaolo Serino
Dr. Nicola Scotti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multiscale approach
  • micromechanical characterization methods
  • mechanical properties
  • bio-composites
  • matrix-filler interaction

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 10392 KiB  
Article
Multiscale Mechanical Characterization of Polyether-2-ketone (PEKK) for Biomedical Application
by Gianpaolo Serino, Fabio Distefano, Elisabetta M. Zanetti, Giulia Pascoletti and Gabriella Epasto
Bioengineering 2024, 11(3), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030244 - 29 Feb 2024
Viewed by 800
Abstract
Polyether-ether-2-ketone (PEKK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer used in various fields, from aerospace to medical applications, due to its exceptional mechanical and thermal properties. Nonetheless, the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed PEKK still deserves to be more thoroughly investigated, especially in view of its [...] Read more.
Polyether-ether-2-ketone (PEKK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer used in various fields, from aerospace to medical applications, due to its exceptional mechanical and thermal properties. Nonetheless, the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed PEKK still deserves to be more thoroughly investigated, especially in view of its production by 3D printing, where mechanical properties measured at different scales are likely to be correlated to one another and to all play a major role in determining biomechanical properties, which include mechanical strength on one side and osteointegration ability on the other side. This work explores the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed PEKK through a multiscale approach, having performed both nanoindentation tests and standard tensile and compression tests, where a detailed view of strain distribution was achieved through Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques. Furthermore, for specimens tested up to failure, their fractured surfaces were analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to clearly outline fracture modes. Additionally, the internal structure of 3D-printed PEKK was explored through Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, providing a three-dimensional view of the internal structure and the presence of voids and other imperfections. Finally, surface morphology was analyzed through confocal microscopy. The multiscale approach adopted in the present work offers information about the global and local behavior of the PEKK, also assessing its material properties down to the nanoscale. Due to its novelty as a polymeric material, no previous studies have approached a multiscale analysis of 3D-printed PEKK. The findings of this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of 3D-printed PEKK along with criteria for process optimization in order to customize its properties to meet specific application requirements. This research not only advances the knowledge of PEKK as a 3D-printing material but also provides insights into the multifaceted nature of multiscale material characterization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale Mechanical Behavior of Biomaterials)
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17 pages, 21949 KiB  
Article
Functionalized 3D-Printed PLA Biomimetic Scaffold for Repairing Critical-Size Bone Defects
by Xiao Liu, Jianpeng Gao, Xiang Cui, Shaobo Nie, Xiaoyong Wu, Licheng Zhang, Peifu Tang, Jianheng Liu and Ming Li
Bioengineering 2023, 10(9), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091019 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1260
Abstract
The treatment of critical-size bone defects remains a complicated clinical challenge. Recently, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for defect repair. This study examined the biocompatibility and repair efficacy of hydroxyapatite-mineralized bionic polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds, which were prepared [...] Read more.
The treatment of critical-size bone defects remains a complicated clinical challenge. Recently, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for defect repair. This study examined the biocompatibility and repair efficacy of hydroxyapatite-mineralized bionic polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds, which were prepared through a combination of 3D printing technology, plasma modification, collagen coating, and hydroxyapatite mineralization coating techniques. Physicochemical analysis, mechanical testing, and in vitro and animal experiments were conducted to elucidate the impact of structural design and microenvironment on osteogenesis. Results indicated that the PLA scaffold exhibited a porosity of 84.1% and a pore size of 350 μm, and its macrostructure was maintained following functionalization modification. The functionalized scaffold demonstrated favorable hydrophilicity and biocompatibility and promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, and the expression of osteogenic genes such as ALP, OPN, Col-1, OCN, and RUNX2. Moreover, the scaffold was able to effectively repair critical-size bone defects in the rabbit radius, suggesting a novel strategy for the treatment of critical-size bone defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale Mechanical Behavior of Biomaterials)
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