The Application of Starter Cultures in Food and Beverage Production

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2023) | Viewed by 3765

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National Research Council—Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: beer; wine; agri-food fermentations; microbial starters; microbial biomass production
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Guest Editor
Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Science, Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Interests: food processing; food bioprocessing; food technologies; food chemistry, metabolomics; plant domestication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The microorganisms used during the preparation process of fermented foods and beverages define the quality of these products.

Therefore, the characterization and industrial use of yeast and lactic acid bacteria strains, called starters, are now a fundamental part of biotechnology applied to fermented food and beverage production. Starters (from the English, to start) are defined as microbial biomasses that, when added to a specific substrate, serve to drive a specific fermentation process. The advantages of their use are extensive: (i) they allow the obtainment of a final product with constant organoleptic characteristics; (ii) they allow the process to be conducted with greater rapidity; and (iii) they allow a particularly high initial inoculum, so as to dominate the fermentation process, avoiding the development of abnormal fermentations by undesirable microorganisms.

Recently, there has been an increase in the use of autochthonous or locally selected microbial strains to control fermentation. These strains are adapted to the specific productive conditions of typical food and beverages, and they are also able to efficiently control indigenous microflora during the fermentation process.

Indeed, there is a growing demand to select autochthonous novel yeast and bacteria strains that assure the maintenance and/or the improvement of typical sensory characteristics which could be considered representative of a typical fermented food or beverage.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect innovative investigations or review papers concerning the selection, characterization and exploitation of starter culture applicable at laboratory, pilot or industrial scale, that are capable of enhancing the quality, safety, reliability, and technological reproducibility of fermentative properties, as well as preserving biodiversity and peculiar sensory characteristics generally related to traditional fermented products. Particular interest will be dedicated to “wild” starter culture scientific studies and novel philosophies contributing to the harmonization of microbiological resources in the framework of typical, traditional, artisanal foods and geographical indications. 

Dr. Francesco Grieco
Dr. Vittorio Capozzi
Dr. Mariagiovanna Fragasso
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • starter cultures
  • autochthonous yeasts and bacteria
  • fermented food and beverages
  • microbial biodiversity
  • food and beverage security
  • microbial collections
  • microbial ecology and terroir
  • food and beverage quality
  • traditional foods

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 7272 KiB  
Article
Efficiency of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JT-PN39 and Paenibacillus motobuensis JT-A29 for Fermented Coffee Applications and Fermented Coffee Characteristics
by Teerawat Ngamnok, Wutigri Nimlamool, Daniel Amador-Noguez, Tanapat Palaga and Jomkhwan Meerak
Foods 2023, 12(15), 2894; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12152894 - 29 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1601
Abstract
To develop a process for low-cost and ecologically friendly coffee fermentation, civet gut bacteria were isolated and screened to be used for fermentation. Among 223 isolates from civet feces, two bacteria exhibited strong protease, amylase, lipase, pectinase, and cellulase activities. By analyzing 16S [...] Read more.
To develop a process for low-cost and ecologically friendly coffee fermentation, civet gut bacteria were isolated and screened to be used for fermentation. Among 223 isolates from civet feces, two bacteria exhibited strong protease, amylase, lipase, pectinase, and cellulase activities. By analyzing 16S rDNA phylogeny, those bacteria were identified to be Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JT-PN39 (LP) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JT-A29 (PM), where their potency (pure or mixed bacterial culture) for fermenting 5 L of arabica parchment coffee in 48–72 h was further determined. To characterize the role of bacteria in coffee fermentation, growth and pH were also determined. For mixed starter culture conditions, the growth of PM was not detected after 36 h of fermentation due to the low acid conditions generated by LP. Coffee quality was evaluated using a cupping test, and LP-fermented coffee expressed a higher cupping score, with a main fruity and sour flavor, and a dominant caramel-honey-like aroma. Antioxidant and anti-foodborne pathogenic bacteria activity, including total phenolic compounds of PM and LP fermented coffee extracts, was significantly higher than those of ordinary coffee. In addition, LP-fermented coffee expressed the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities among the fermented coffee. The toxicity test was examined in the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell, and all fermented coffee revealed 80–90% cell variability, which means that the fermentation process does not generate any toxicity. In addition, qualifications of non-volatile and volatile compounds in fermented coffee were examined by LC-MS and GC-MS to discriminate the bacterial role during the process by PCA plot. The flavors of fermented coffee, including volatile and non-volatile compounds, were totally different between the non-fermented and fermented conditions. Moreover, the PCA plot showed slightly different flavors among fermentations with different starter cultures. For both the cupping test and biological activities, this study suggests that LP has potential for health benefits in coffee fermentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Starter Cultures in Food and Beverage Production)
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11 pages, 1140 KiB  
Article
Isolation of Yeast and LAB from Dry Coffee Pulp and Monitoring of Organic Acids in Inoculated Green Beans
by Na Zhao, Mito Kokawa, Rasool Khan Amini, Weixue Dong and Yutaka Kitamura
Foods 2023, 12(13), 2622; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132622 - 06 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1554
Abstract
Yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to play an important role in the fermentation process of coffee post-harvest. This study aimed to isolate and screen yeast and LAB to be applied in lab-scale refermentation of commercial green coffee beans and coffee [...] Read more.
Yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to play an important role in the fermentation process of coffee post-harvest. This study aimed to isolate and screen yeast and LAB to be applied in lab-scale refermentation of commercial green coffee beans and coffee pulp with the aim of modifying the composition of organic acids (OAs) in coffee beans. Yeast and LAB strains were isolated from green coffee beans and dry coffee pulp and identified, and their effect on OA concentration in the coffee beans was quantified. In addition, the effects of different fermentation conditions (additional carbon source, different inoculum dose, and different types of coffee pulp) were evaluated based on OA quantification. Nine yeast isolates of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Wickerhamomyces anomalus were identified, and 11 LAB isolates of the species Enterococcus mundtii were identified. Of the 7 OAs quantified, quinic acid was the most abundant. The inoculation of isolated yeasts and LAB led to higher concentrations of OAs, showing the potential to realize modification of the OA composition of green coffee beans by re-fermentation with coffee-originated isolates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Starter Cultures in Food and Beverage Production)
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