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14 pages, 3452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulations to Eliminate Backflow Power in an Isolated Three-Port Bidirectional DC–DC Converter

by Norbert Njuanyi Koneh, Jae-Sub Ko and Dae-Kyong Kim

Energies 2023, 16(1), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010450 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1272

Abstract

The aim of this work was to eliminate the backflow power present in an isolated three-port DC–DC converter. Backflow power (which is an inherent property of phase-shifted DC–DC converters) is the major contributor of circulating current the converter, which in turn is known [...] Read more.

The aim of this work was to eliminate the backflow power present in an isolated three-port DC–DC converter. Backflow power (which is an inherent property of phase-shifted DC–DC converters) is the major contributor of circulating current the converter, which in turn is known to be the leading cause of system loss. The dual phase shift (DPS) control scheme (which alters the transformer voltage waveform at the different winding terminals) was used to reduce the backflow power. Mathematical relations for the backflow power present in the three-port converter were derived. And from this equation, an operating point in which the backflow power is zero was also obtained. This condition for zero backflow power was confirmed by simulations on PSIM. Added to this were simulation results that show other operating conditions in which zero backflow power could be obtained in the converter. In addition, equations for the power processed at the different ports of the converter were also presented, and 3D plots were made to illustrate the variation of the power and backflow power with respect to the phase shift ratios of the DPS control scheme. It was observed that the backflow power can be totally removed from the three-port converter when using this control scheme. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for PV System in Micro-Grid)

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18 pages, 3068 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Hybrid MPPT Technique Based on Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) and Perturb and Observer (P&O) under Partial and Complex Partial Shading Conditions

by Muhammad Annas Hafeez, Ahmer Naeem, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Yaqoob Javed, Aamer Bilal Asghar and Yong Wang

Energies 2022, 15(15), 5550; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155550 - 30 Jul 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1755

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been used extensively worldwide over the past few years due to the mitigation of fossils fuels; it is the best source because of its eco-friendly nature. In PV systems, the main research area concerns its performance under partial shading [...] Read more.

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been used extensively worldwide over the past few years due to the mitigation of fossils fuels; it is the best source because of its eco-friendly nature. In PV systems, the main research area concerns its performance under partial shading (PS) and complex partial shading (CPS) conditions. PV sources perform perfectly under ideal conditions, but under practical conditions, their performance depends upon many factors, including shading conditions, temperature, irradiance, and the angle of inclination, which can bring a photovoltaic or solar system into a PS or CPS condition. In these conditions, many power peaks appear, and it is hard to find the global peak among many local peaks. The ability to track the maximum power peak and maintain it to avoid fluctuations depends on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique used in a photovoltaic system. This article is based on the implementation of a hybrid algorithm, combining Harris hawk’s optimization (HHO), a new technique which is based on natural inspiration, and a conventional perturb and observe (P&O) technique. The hybrid technique was tested under different weather conditions in MATLAB Simulink and showed less computational time, a fast convergence speed, and zero oscillations after reaching a power point’s maximum limit. A performance comparison of the hybrid technique was made with bio-inspired particle swarm optimization (PSO), adaptive cuckoo search optimization (ACS), the dragonfly algorithm (DFO), and the water cycle algorithm (WCA). The hybrid technique achieves 99.8% efficiency on average and performs very well among the rest of the competing techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for PV System in Micro-Grid)

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25 pages, 8420 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Crop Growing Factory: Focusing on Lighting and Environmental Control with Technological Proposal

by Ki-Youn Kim, Jun-Ho Huh and Han-Jong Ko

Energies 2021, 14(9), 2624; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092624 - 03 May 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2423

Abstract

Recently, the interest in the plant factory-based crop production technologies is rising following the application of the smart farm technology to the agricultural arena. A lettuce production system platform is proposed in this study considering the effects of indoor environmental conditions and artificial [...] Read more.

Recently, the interest in the plant factory-based crop production technologies is rising following the application of the smart farm technology to the agricultural arena. A lettuce production system platform is proposed in this study considering the effects of indoor environmental conditions and artificial light sources. The spectral characteristics of a visible ray according to growth performances were analyzed first to develop a control algorithm that can stimulate the plant’s growth for the proposal. Secondly, an imaging system was designed to analyze the plant’s growth characteristics based on the images and set up the system configuration. Lastly, a crop production system was proposed by using an experimental crop production group for environmental control and monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for PV System in Micro-Grid)

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18 pages, 6142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Simple Mismatch Mitigating Partial Power Processing Converter for Solar PV Modules

by Kamran Ali Khan Niazi, Yongheng Yang, Tamas Kerekes and Dezso Sera

Energies 2021, 14(8), 2308; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082308 - 19 Apr 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2191

Abstract

Partial shading affects the energy harvested from photovoltaic (PV) modules, leading to a mismatch in PV systems and causing energy losses. For this purpose, differential power processing (DPP) converters are the emerging power electronic-based topologies used to address the [...] Read more.

Partial shading affects the energy harvested from photovoltaic (PV) modules, leading to a mismatch in PV systems and causing energy losses. For this purpose, differential power processing (DPP) converters are the emerging power electronic-based topologies used to address the mismatch issues. Normally, PV modules are connected in series and DPP converters are used to extract the power from these PV modules by only processing the fraction of power called mismatched power. In this work, a switched-capacitor-inductor (SCL)-based DPP converter is presented, which mitigates the non-ideal conditions in solar PV systems. A proposed SCL-based DPP technique utilizes a simple control strategy to extract the maximum power from the partially shaded PV modules by only processing a fraction of the power. Furthermore, an operational principle and loss analysis for the proposed converter is presented. The proposed topology is examined and compared with the traditional bypass diode technique through simulations and experimental tests. The efficiency of the proposed DPP is validated by the experiment and simulation. The results demonstrate the performance in terms of higher energy yield without bypassing the low-producing PV module by using a simple control. The results indicate that achieved efficiency is higher than 98% under severe mismatch (higher than 50%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for PV System in Micro-Grid)

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Review

Jump to: Research

20 pages, 2785 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Research Trend on Anonymous Signature and Authentication Methods for Privacy Invasion Preventability on Smart Grid and Power Plant Environments

by Seung-Mo Je, Hanchul Woo, Jaehyeon Choi, Se-Hoon Jung and Jun-Ho Huh

Energies 2022, 15(12), 4363; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124363 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1716

Abstract

A smart grid is an intelligent power grid. In recent years, the smart grid environment and its applications are incorporated into a variety of areas. The smart grid environment, however, can expose much more information than the old environments. In the environment, smart [...] Read more.

A smart grid is an intelligent power grid. In recent years, the smart grid environment and its applications are incorporated into a variety of areas. The smart grid environment, however, can expose much more information than the old environments. In the environment, smart devices can be media in the exposure of various and specific pieces of information as well as energy consumption. This poses a huge risk in that it, combined with other pieces of information, may expose much more information. The current smart grid environment raises a need to develop anonymous signature and authentication techniques to prevent privacy breaches. Trying to meet this need, the principal investigator conducted research for three years. This paper discusses both the research trends investigated by him and the limitations of the development research and future research in need. Smart grid security requires the development of encrypted anonymous authentication that is applicable to power plant security, including nuclear power plants as well as expandable test beds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for PV System in Micro-Grid)

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18 pages, 2479 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of Photovoltaic Power and Aquaculture in Desert

by Thi Thu Em Vo, Seung-Mo Je, Se-Hoon Jung, Jaehyeon Choi, Jun-Ho Huh and Han-Jong Ko

Energies 2022, 15(9), 3288; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093288 - 30 Apr 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2040

Abstract

PV (photovoltaic) capacity is steadily increasing every year, and the rate of increase is also increasing. A desert area with a large equipment installation area and abundant solar radiation is a good candidate. PV power plants installed in the desert have advantages in [...] Read more.

PV (photovoltaic) capacity is steadily increasing every year, and the rate of increase is also increasing. A desert area with a large equipment installation area and abundant solar radiation is a good candidate. PV power plants installed in the desert have advantages in themselves, but when combined with desert aquacultures, additional benefits can be obtained while compensating for the shortcomings of the aquaculture industry. The importance of the aquaculture industry is increasing, with aquaculture products approaching half of the total supply of marine products due to sea environmental pollution and reduced resources. Moreover, in deserts, where marine products are difficult to obtain, aquaculture is a good way to save marine products. However, one of the many problems that complicate the introduction of aquaculture in the desert is that it is difficult to supply and demand electricity because the site is not near a viable electric grid. However, combination with PV can solve this problem. This paper investigates the solar power and aquaculture industry in the desert and explains the limitations and challenges of the solar power and aquaculture industry in the desert. Based on this, we hope to increase interest in the solar power and aquaculture industry in the desert and help with future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for PV System in Micro-Grid)

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30 pages, 18390 KiB

Open AccessReview

Overview of Possibilities of Solar Floating Photovoltaic Systems in the OffShore Industry

by Thi Thu Em Vo, Hyeyoung Ko, Junho Huh and Namje Park

Energies 2021, 14(21), 6988; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14216988 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 8826

Abstract

The demand for energy has rapidly grown around the world. Solar floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are an efficient solution to solve the issues from nonrenewable energy sources, such as reduction of CO₂ emission, limitation of global warming, environmentally friendly, a great innovation [...] Read more.

The demand for energy has rapidly grown around the world. Solar floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are an efficient solution to solve the issues from nonrenewable energy sources, such as reduction of CO₂ emission, limitation of global warming, environmentally friendly, a great innovation in sustainable aquaculture, and a new ecofriendly technique, along with reducing production costs, especially regarding the scarcity of habitable land. A large number of installation projects using FPV technology have been operated in water bodies such as lakes and dams/reservoirs. However, deployment of FPV offshore is still limited because of the existing characteristics of marine/sea environments that are different from onshore, such as wind loads and wave loads. Despite these difficulties, there are several projects that have been installed in some countries and gained many significant achievements. It opened possibilities to apply FPV systems offshore worldwide. In this review, we present a brief overview of FPV systems both onshore and offshore, analyze advantages and disadvantages of offshore FPV systems, and provide an overview of their future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for PV System in Micro-Grid)

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20 pages, 7255 KiB

Open AccessReview

Overview of Solar Energy for Aquaculture: The Potential and Future Trends

by Thi Thu Em Vo, Hyeyoung Ko, Jun-Ho Huh and Namje Park

Energies 2021, 14(21), 6923; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14216923 - 21 Oct 2021

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 13593

Abstract

The rapid growth of aquaculture production has required a huge power demand, which is estimated to be about 40% of the total energy cost. However, it is possible to reduce this expense using alternatives such as renewable energy (i.e., solar energy) instead of [...] Read more.

The rapid growth of aquaculture production has required a huge power demand, which is estimated to be about 40% of the total energy cost. However, it is possible to reduce this expense using alternatives such as renewable energy (i.e., solar energy) instead of non-renewable energy. Solar energy is one of the cleanest energy sources and is touted as a potential renewable energy source for the world with benefits such as reducing CO₂ emissions, reversing global warming by being eco-friendly, and bringing innovation to sustainable aquaculture and potential cost-efficiency for manufacturing. In this review, we present an overview of using non-renewable and renewable energy sources for aquaculture by reviewing several articles and applications of solar energy at many companies in the world. Moreover, this review shows potential and future trends using solar energy for aquaculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for PV System in Micro-Grid)

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