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Biosensors
Special Issues
Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials
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Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 23791

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Baiqing Yuan

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Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
Interests: biothiol sesnors; electrochemical sensors; electrocatalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dong Liu

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Guest Editor
School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Interests: photoelectrocehmical and elecrochemical biosensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lin Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Henan Province of Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, China
Interests: biosensors; electrocatalysts; self-assembly; metal–peptide complexes; nanomaterials; signal amplification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lijun Zhao

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Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yantai University, Yantai, China
Interests: photoelectric analysis and molecular catalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Daojun Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, China
Interests: electrochemical sensing; OER electrocatalysts, and supercapacitors; fabrication of inorganic nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A typical biosensor consists of two basic functional units: a biological receptor and a transducer. The receptor (for example, enzyme, antibody or DNA) is responsible for the selective recognition of the target analyte while the transducer translates this biorecognition event into a chemical or physical signal. Recently, artificial materials, such as molecularly imprinted polymers, aptamers, nanomaterials, nanoenzymes, and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have also been used as recognition elements. Electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors have received a great deal of attention owing to their advantages in in vivo analysis, wearable applications, real-time monitoring, and quantitative imaging.

Contributions to this Special Issue should cover advances in electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors novel strategies, methods, and materials. Themes of interest include but are not limited to:

  1. Biosensors with electrochemical, electrochemiluminescent, and fluorescent transduction for healthcare monitoring, biomedical applications, diseases diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food analysis, and online control in industrial processes, etc.
  2. Novel materials for the efficient immobilization of biological molecules, for example, two-dimensional graphene oxide containing abundant oxo-functionalities and sp2domains allows for interaction/anchoring with a wide range of biomolecules;
  3. Biosensors based on artificial recognition elements (for example, nanomaterials, nanoenzymes, etc.);
  4. Novel recognition element developed for biosensors;
  5. Novel strategies for biofouling resistant performances;
  6. Wearable noninvasive or invasive biosensors;
  7. Miniaturized biosensors, microscale and nanoscale biosensors;
  8. Signal amplification strategies for biosensors;
  9. Biosensor can be extended to a device which utilizes biological elements and/or biochemical reactions to detect chemical or biological molecular;
  10. Nonenzymatic electrochemical sensors for the detection of biological molecules with high selectivity.

Dr. Baiqing Yuan
Dr. Dong Liu
Dr. Lin Liu
Dr. Lijun Zhao
Dr. Daojun Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biosensors
  • electrochemical
  • electrochemiluminescent
  • fluorescent
  • antifouling
  • nanoenzyme
  • wearable biosensors
  • miniaturized biosensors
  • nanoscale biosensors
  • signal amplification

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 2021 KiB  
Communication
Magnetically Assisted Immobilization-Free Detection of microRNAs Based on the Signal Amplification of Duplex-Specific Nuclease
by Gang Liu, Ming La, Jiwei Wang, Jiawen Liu, Yongjun Han and Lin Liu
Biosensors 2023, 13(7), 699; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13070699 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1068
Abstract
The double specific nuclease (DSN)-based methods for microRNAs (miRNAs) detection usually require the immobilization of DNA probes on a solid surface. However, such strategies have the drawbacks of low hybridization and cleavage efficiency caused by steric hindrance effect and high salt concentration on [...] Read more.
The double specific nuclease (DSN)-based methods for microRNAs (miRNAs) detection usually require the immobilization of DNA probes on a solid surface. However, such strategies have the drawbacks of low hybridization and cleavage efficiency caused by steric hindrance effect and high salt concentration on the solid surface. Herein, we proposed an immobilization-free method for miRNA detection on the basic of DSN-assisted signal amplification. The biotin- and fluorophore-labeled probes were captured by streptavidin-modified magnetic beads through streptavidin–biotin interactions, thus producing a poor fluorescence signal. Once the DNA probes were hybridized with target miRNA in solution to form DNA-miRNA duplexes, DNA stands in the duplexes would be selectively digested by DSN. The released target miRNA could initiate the next hybridization/cleavage recycling in the homogeneous solution, finally resulting in the release of numerous fluorophore-labeled fragments. The released fluorophores remained in solution and emitted strong fluorescence after treatment by the streptavidin-modified magnetic beads. The immobilization-free method achieved the assays of miRNA-21 with a detection limit down to 0.01 pM. It was employed to evaluate the expression levels of miRNA-21 in different cancer cells with satisfactory results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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12 pages, 2864 KiB  
Article
Preparation of a Red−Emitting, Chitosan−Stabilized Copper Nanocluster Composite and Its Application as a Hydrogen Peroxide Detection Probe in the Analysis of Water Samples
by Jiaojiao Lu, Dawei Wang, Xin Li, Wei Guo, Chunyuan Tian, Feng Luan and Xuming Zhuang
Biosensors 2023, 13(3), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13030361 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1413
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important reactive oxygen species that mediates a variety of physiological functions in biological processes, and it is an essential mediator in food, pharmaceutical, and environmental analysis. However, H2O2 can be dangerous [...] Read more.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important reactive oxygen species that mediates a variety of physiological functions in biological processes, and it is an essential mediator in food, pharmaceutical, and environmental analysis. However, H2O2 can be dangerous and toxic at certain concentrations. It is crucial to detect the concentration of H2O2 in the environment for human health and environmental protection. Herein, we prepared the red-emitting copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) by a one-step method, with lipoic acid (LA) and sodium borohydride as protective ligands and reducing agents, respectively, moreover, adding chitosan (CS) to wrap LA−Cu NCs. The as-prepared LA−Cu NCs@CS have stronger fluorescence than LA−Cu NCs. We found that the presence of H2O2 causes the fluorescence of LA−Cu NCs@CS to be strongly quenched. Based on this, a fluorescent probe based on LA−Cu NCs@CS was constructed for the detection of H2O2 with a limit of detection of 47 nM. The results from this research not only illustrate that the as--developed fluorescent probe exhibits good selectivity and high sensitivity to H2O2 in environmental water samples but also propose a novel strategy to prepare red-emitting copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) by a one-step method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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12 pages, 3982 KiB  
Article
Insights into the Mechanism of Bipolar Electrodeposition of Au Films and Its Application in Visual Detection of Prostate Specific Antigens
by Daoyuan Zhao, Yujing Liu, Hong Jiang, Haijian Yang, Huihui Yu, Jingtang Qiao, Zhiwen Li, Bing Jin and Meisheng Wu
Biosensors 2023, 13(2), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020158 - 19 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1369
Abstract
Au particles are commonly used for deposition on the surface of a bipolar electrode (BPE) in order to amplify electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal because of their excellent conductivity, biocompatibility, and large surface area. In this work, a closed BPE device was fabricated [...] Read more.
Au particles are commonly used for deposition on the surface of a bipolar electrode (BPE) in order to amplify electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal because of their excellent conductivity, biocompatibility, and large surface area. In this work, a closed BPE device was fabricated and Au particles were deposited on the two poles of a BPE via bipolar deposition. Results indicated that the electrochemical stability of Au film on the anode part of the BPE and the reduction of AuCl4– to Au on the cathode part of the BPE depended on the conductivity of the solution. The prepared Au–Au BPE exhibited a remarkable amplification effect on the ECL signal. Then, a specific sensing interface was constructed on one pole of the BPE for the visual detection of prostate-specific antigens (PSA) based on sandwich-type immunoreactions between primary PSA antibodies (Ab1) on the electrode surface, PSA, and SiO2 nanoparticles labeled secondary PSA antibodies (SiO2-Ab2). The designed biosensor exhibited a good linear relationship for the ECL detection of PSA in the range of 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−10 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9866; the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.5 × 10−11 g/mL. Additionally, the biosensor can realize the electrochemical imaging of PSA by regulating the electrochemical oxidation of the Au anode with the immunoreactions on the cathode part of BPE. Therefore, the small, portable and highly sensitive biosensors have great potential for on-site detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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10 pages, 1726 KiB  
Communication
Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Gold-Coated Hollow-Core Negative Curvature Optical Fiber Sensor
by J. Divya and S. Selvendran
Biosensors 2023, 13(2), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020148 - 17 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1870
Abstract
The hollow-core fiber-based sensor has garnered high interest due to its simple structure and low transmission loss. A new hollow-core negative-curvature fiber (HC-NCF) sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique is proposed in this work. The cladding region is composed of [...] Read more.
The hollow-core fiber-based sensor has garnered high interest due to its simple structure and low transmission loss. A new hollow-core negative-curvature fiber (HC-NCF) sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique is proposed in this work. The cladding region is composed of six circular silica tubes and two elliptical silica tubes to reduce fabrication complexity. Chemically stable gold is used as a plasmonic material on the inner wall of the sensor structure to induce the SPR effect. The proposed sensor detects a minor variation in the refractive indices (RIs) of the analyte placed in the hollow core. Numerical investigations are carried out using the finite element method (FEM). Through the optimization of structural parameters, the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 6000 nm/RIU and the highest resolution of 2.5 × 10−5 RIU are achieved in the RI range of 1.31 to 1.36. In addition, an improved figure of merit (FOM) of 2000 RIU−1 for Y-polarization and 857.1 RIU−1 for X-polarization is obtained. Because of its simple structure, high sensitivity, high FOM, and low transmission loss, the proposed sensor can be used as a temperature sensor, a chemical sensor, and a biosensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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16 pages, 3066 KiB  
Article
Fast and Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection for Antiviral Drug Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Biological Matrices
by Jingyun Xiao, Shuting Shi, Liangyuan Yao, Jinxia Feng, Jinsong Zuo and Quanguo He
Biosensors 2022, 12(12), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121123 - 03 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1896
Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an antiretroviral medication with significant curative effects, so its quantitative detection is important for human health. At present, there are few studies on the detection of TDF by electrochemical sensors. This work can be a supplement to the [...] Read more.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an antiretroviral medication with significant curative effects, so its quantitative detection is important for human health. At present, there are few studies on the detection of TDF by electrochemical sensors. This work can be a supplement to the electrochemical detection of TDF. Moreover, bare electrodes are susceptible to pollution, and have high overvoltage and low sensitivity, so it is crucial to find a suitable electrode material. In this work, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) that has a certain selectivity to phosphoric acid groups was synthesized by a hydrothermal method with zirconyl chloride octahydrate as the precursor. A composite modified glassy carbon electrode for zirconium oxide-chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ZrO2-CS-MWCNTs/GCE) was used for the first time to detect the TDF, and achieved rapid, sensitive detection of TDF with a detection limit of sub-micron content. The ZrO2-CS-MWCNTs composite was created using sonication of a mixture of ZrO2 and CS-MWCNTs solution. The composite was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrochemical analysis was performed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Compared with single-material electrodes, the ZrO2-CS-MWCNTs/GCE significantly improves the electrochemical sensing of TDF due to the synergistic effect of the composite. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method has achieved good results in linear range (0.3~30 μM; 30~100 μM) and detection limit (0.0625 μM). Moreover, the sensor has the merits of simple preparation, good reproducibility and good repeatability. The ZrO2-CS-MWCNTs/GCE has been applied to the determination of TDF in serum and urine, and it may be helpful for potential applications of other substances with similar structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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10 pages, 2367 KiB  
Article
Spectroelectrochemical Enzyme Sensor System for Acetaldehyde Detection in Wine
by David Ibáñez, María Begoña González-García, David Hernández-Santos and Pablo Fanjul-Bolado
Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12111032 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2260
Abstract
A new spectroelectrochemical two-enzyme sensor system has been developed for the detection of acetaldehyde in wine. A combination of spectroscopy and electrochemistry improves the analytical features of the electrochemical sensor because the optical information collected with this system is only associated with acetaldehyde [...] Read more.
A new spectroelectrochemical two-enzyme sensor system has been developed for the detection of acetaldehyde in wine. A combination of spectroscopy and electrochemistry improves the analytical features of the electrochemical sensor because the optical information collected with this system is only associated with acetaldehyde and avoids the interferents also present in wines as polyphenols. Spectroelectrochemical detection is achieved by the analysis of the optical properties of the K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] redox couple involved in the enzymatic process: aldehyde dehydrogenase catalyzes the aldehyde oxidation using β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NAD+) as a cofactor and, simultaneously, diaphorase reoxidizes the NADH formed in the first enzymatic process due to the presence of K3[Fe(CN)6]. An analysis of the characteristic UV-vis bands of K3[Fe(CN)6] at 310 and 420 nm allows the detection of acetaldehyde, since absorption bands are only related to the oxidation of this substrate, and avoids the contribution of other interferents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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Review

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15 pages, 4667 KiB  
Review
Fluorescent Sensing Platforms for Detecting and Imaging the Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease
by Xingyun Liu, Yibiao Liu and Qiong Liu
Biosensors 2023, 13(5), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050515 - 30 Apr 2023
Viewed by 2537
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease with clinical symptoms of memory loss and cognitive impairment. Currently, no effective drug or therapeutic method is available for curing this disease. The major strategy used is to identify and block AD at its initial [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease with clinical symptoms of memory loss and cognitive impairment. Currently, no effective drug or therapeutic method is available for curing this disease. The major strategy used is to identify and block AD at its initial stage. Thus, early diagnosis is very important for intervention of the disease and assessment of drug efficacy. The gold standards of clinical diagnosis include the measurement of AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography imaging of the brain for amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits. However, these methods are difficult to apply to the general screening of a large aging population because of their high cost, radioactivity and inaccessibility. Comparatively, blood sample detection is less invasive and more accessible for the diagnosis of AD. Hence, a variety of assays based on fluorescence analysis, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemistry, etc., were developed for the detection of AD biomarkers in blood. These methods play significant roles in recognizing asymptomatic AD and predicting the course of the disease. In a clinical setting, the combination of blood biomarker detection with brain imaging may enhance the accuracy of early diagnosis. Fluorescence-sensing techniques can be used not only to detect the levels of biomarkers in blood but also to image biomarkers in the brain in real time due to their low toxicity, high sensitivity and good biocompatibility. In this review, we summarize the newly developed fluorescent sensing platforms and their application in detecting and imaging biomarkers of AD, such as Aβ and tau in the last five years, and discuss their prospects for clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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24 pages, 4267 KiB  
Review
Biosensors Based on the Binding Events of Nitrilotriacetic Acid–Metal Complexes
by Lin Zhu, Yong Chang, Yingying Li, Mingyi Qiao and Lin Liu
Biosensors 2023, 13(5), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050507 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2683
Abstract
Molecular immobilization and recognition are two key events for the development of biosensors. The general ways for the immobilization and recognition of biomolecules include covalent coupling reactions and non-covalent interactions of antigen–antibody, aptamer–target, glycan–lectin, avidin–biotin and boronic acid–diol. Tetradentate nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is [...] Read more.
Molecular immobilization and recognition are two key events for the development of biosensors. The general ways for the immobilization and recognition of biomolecules include covalent coupling reactions and non-covalent interactions of antigen–antibody, aptamer–target, glycan–lectin, avidin–biotin and boronic acid–diol. Tetradentate nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is one of the most common commercial ligands for chelating metal ions. The NTA–metal complexes show high and specific affinity toward hexahistidine tags. Such metal complexes have been widely utilized in protein separation and immobilization for diagnostic applications since most of commercialized proteins have been integrated with hexahistidine tags by synthetic or recombinant techniques. This review focused on the development of biosensors with NTA–metal complexes as the binding units, mainly including surface plasmon resonance, electrochemistry, fluorescence, colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, chemiluminescence and so on. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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29 pages, 6665 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in Functional-Nucleic-Acid-Based Fluorescent Fiber-Optic Evanescent Wave Biosensors
by Zheng Wang and Xinhui Lou
Biosensors 2023, 13(4), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13040425 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1921
Abstract
Biosensors capable of onsite and continuous detection of environmental and food pollutants and biomarkers are highly desired, but only a few sensing platforms meet the “2-SAR” requirements (sensitivity, specificity, affordability, automation, rapidity, and reusability). A fiber optic evanescent wave (FOEW) sensor is an [...] Read more.
Biosensors capable of onsite and continuous detection of environmental and food pollutants and biomarkers are highly desired, but only a few sensing platforms meet the “2-SAR” requirements (sensitivity, specificity, affordability, automation, rapidity, and reusability). A fiber optic evanescent wave (FOEW) sensor is an attractive type of portable device that has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, good reusability, and long-term stability. By utilizing functional nucleic acids (FNAs) such as aptamers, DNAzymes, and rational designed nucleic acid probes as specific recognition ligands, the FOEW sensor has been demonstrated to be a general sensing platform for the onsite and continuous detection of various targets ranging from small molecules and heavy metal ions to proteins, nucleic acids, and pathogens. In this review, we cover the progress of the fluorescent FNA-based FOEW biosensor since its first report in 1995. We focus on the chemical modification of the optical fiber and the sensing mechanisms for the five above-mentioned types of targets. The challenges and prospects on the isolation of high-quality aptamers, reagent-free detection, long-term stability under application conditions, and high throughput are also included in this review to highlight the future trends for the development of FOEW biosensors capable of onsite and continuous detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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23 pages, 5336 KiB  
Review
Biosensors for the Detection of Enzymes Based on Aggregation-Induced Emission
by Fengli Gao, Gang Liu, Mingyi Qiao, Yingying Li and Xinyao Yi
Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 953; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12110953 - 01 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2350
Abstract
Enzymes play a critical role in most complex biochemical processes. Some of them can be regarded as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Taking advantage of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based biosensors, a series of fluorogens with AIE characteristics (AIEgens) have been designed and synthesized for the [...] Read more.
Enzymes play a critical role in most complex biochemical processes. Some of them can be regarded as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Taking advantage of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based biosensors, a series of fluorogens with AIE characteristics (AIEgens) have been designed and synthesized for the detection and imaging of enzymes. In this work, we summarized the advances in AIEgens-based probes and sensing platforms for the fluorescent detection of enzymes, including proteases, phosphatases, glycosidases, cholinesterases, telomerase and others. The AIEgens involve organic dyes and metal nanoclusters. This work provides valuable references for the design of novel AIE-based sensing platforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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30 pages, 40993 KiB  
Review
An Overview of the Design of Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Fluorescent Chemosensors and Biosensors
by Ning Xia, Yong Chang, Qian Zhou, Shoujie Ding and Fengli Gao
Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12110928 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2814
Abstract
Taking advantage of high porosity, large surface area, tunable nanostructures and ease of functionalization, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been popularly applied in different fields, including adsorption and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, drug delivery, light harvesting, and chemical/biological sensing. The abundant active sites for specific [...] Read more.
Taking advantage of high porosity, large surface area, tunable nanostructures and ease of functionalization, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been popularly applied in different fields, including adsorption and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, drug delivery, light harvesting, and chemical/biological sensing. The abundant active sites for specific recognition and adjustable optical and electrical characteristics allow for the design of various sensing platforms with MOFs as promising candidates. In this review, we systematically introduce the recent advancements of MOFs-based fluorescent chemosensors and biosensors, mainly focusing on the sensing mechanisms and analytes, including inorganic ions, small organic molecules and biomarkers (e.g., small biomolecules, nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, and tumor cells). This review may provide valuable references for the development of novel MOFs-based sensing platforms to meet the requirements of environment monitoring and clinical diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical and Fluorescent Biosensors: Novel Strategies, Methods, and Materials)
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