Journal Description
Biosensors
Biosensors
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the technology and science of biosensors published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Chemistry, Analytical) / CiteScore - Q1 (Engineering (miscellaneous))
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
5.4 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.7 (2022)
Latest Articles
Rapid Surface Charge Mapping Based on a Liquid Crystal Microchip
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040199 (registering DOI) - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Rapid surface charge mapping of a solid surface remains a challenge. In this study, we present a novel microchip based on liquid crystals for assessing the surface charge distribution of a planar or soft surface. This chip enables rapid measurements of the local
[...] Read more.
Rapid surface charge mapping of a solid surface remains a challenge. In this study, we present a novel microchip based on liquid crystals for assessing the surface charge distribution of a planar or soft surface. This chip enables rapid measurements of the local surface charge distribution of a charged surface. The chip consists of a micropillar array fabricated on a transparent indium tin oxide substrate, while the liquid crystal is used to fill in the gaps between the micropillar structures. When an object is placed on top of the chip, the local surface charge (or zeta potential) influences the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, resulting in changes in the magnitude of transmitted light. By measuring the intensity of the transmitted light, the distribution of the surface charge can be accurately quantified. We calibrated the chip in a three-electrode configuration and demonstrated the validity of the chip for rapid surface charge mapping using a borosilicate glass slide. This chip offers noninvasive, rapid mapping of surface charges on charged surfaces, with no need for physical or chemical modifications, and has broad potential applications in biomedical research and advanced material design.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Biomedical Biosensing with Microelectrode Arrays)
►
Show Figures
Open AccessArticle
Weak Value Amplification-Based Biochip for Highly Sensitive Detection and Identification of Breast Cancer Exosomes
by
Jingru Zhao, Xiaotian Guan, Sihao Zhang, Zhou Sha and Shuqing Sun
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040198 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
Exosomes constitute an emerging biomarker for cancer diagnosis because they carry multiple proteins that reflect the origins of the parent cell. The highly sensitive detection of exosomes is a crucial prerequisite for the diagnosis of cancer. In this study, we report an exosome
[...] Read more.
Exosomes constitute an emerging biomarker for cancer diagnosis because they carry multiple proteins that reflect the origins of the parent cell. The highly sensitive detection of exosomes is a crucial prerequisite for the diagnosis of cancer. In this study, we report an exosome detection system based on quantum weak value amplification (WVA). The WVA detection system consists of a reflection detection light path and a Zr-ionized biochip. Zr-ionized biochips effectively capture exosomes through the specific interaction between zirconium dioxide and the phosphate groups on the lipid bilayer of exosomes. Aptamer-modified gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are then used to specifically recognize proteins on exosomes to enhance the detection signal. The sensitivity and resolution of the detection system are 2944.07 nm/RIU and 1.22 × 10−5 RIU, respectively. The concentration of exosomes can be directly quantified by the WVA system, ranging from 105–107 particles/mL with the detection limit of 3 × 104 particles/mL. The use of Au NPs-EpCAM for the specific enhancement of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 exosomes is demonstrated. The results indicate that the WVA detection system can be a promising candidate for the detection of exosomes as tumor markers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noble Metal Nanoparticle-Based Nanoplatforms for Biosensors)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Recent Advances in Lateral Flow Assays for Viral Protein Detection with Nanomaterial-Based Optical Sensors
by
Min Jung Kim, Izzati Haizan, Min Ju Ahn, Dong-Hyeok Park and Jin-Ha Choi
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040197 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
Controlling the progression of contagious diseases is crucial for public health management, emphasizing the importance of early viral infection diagnosis. In response, lateral flow assays (LFAs) have been successfully utilized in point-of-care (POC) testing, emerging as a viable alternative to more traditional diagnostic
[...] Read more.
Controlling the progression of contagious diseases is crucial for public health management, emphasizing the importance of early viral infection diagnosis. In response, lateral flow assays (LFAs) have been successfully utilized in point-of-care (POC) testing, emerging as a viable alternative to more traditional diagnostic methods. Recent advancements in virus detection have primarily leveraged methods such as reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription–loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Despite their proven effectiveness, these conventional techniques are often expensive, require specialized expertise, and consume a significant amount of time. In contrast, LFAs utilize nanomaterial-based optical sensing technologies, including colorimetric, fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), offering quick, straightforward analyses with minimal training and infrastructure requirements for detecting viral proteins in biological samples. This review describes the composition and mechanism of and recent advancements in LFAs for viral protein detection, categorizing them into colorimetric, fluorescent, and SERS-based techniques. Despite significant progress, developing a simple, stable, highly sensitive, and selective LFA system remains a formidable challenge. Nevertheless, an advanced LFA system promises not only to enhance clinical diagnostics but also to extend its utility to environmental monitoring and beyond, demonstrating its potential to revolutionize both healthcare and environmental safety.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nano- and Micro-Technologies in Biosensors)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
L-Lactate Electrochemical Biosensor Based on an Integrated Supramolecular Architecture of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Avidin and a Recombinant Biotinylated Lactate Oxidase
by
Alejandro Tamborelli, Michael López Mujica, Marilla Amaranto, José Luis Barra, Gustavo Rivas, Agustina Godino and Pablo Dalmasso
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040196 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
L-Lactate is an important bioanalyte in the food industry, biotechnology, and human healthcare. In this work, we report the development of a new L-lactate electrochemical biosensor based on the use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes non-covalently functionalized with avidin (MWCNT-Av) deposited at glassy carbon
[...] Read more.
L-Lactate is an important bioanalyte in the food industry, biotechnology, and human healthcare. In this work, we report the development of a new L-lactate electrochemical biosensor based on the use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes non-covalently functionalized with avidin (MWCNT-Av) deposited at glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) as anchoring sites for the bioaffinity-based immobilization of a new recombinant biotinylated lactate oxidase (bLOx) produced in Escherichia coli through in vivo biotinylation. The specific binding of MWCNT-Av to bLOx was characterized by amperometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The amperometric detection of L-lactate was performed at −0.100 V, with a linear range between 100 and 700 µM, a detection limit of 33 µM, and a quantification limit of 100 µM. The proposed biosensor (GCE/MWCNT-Av/bLOx) showed a reproducibility of 6.0% and it was successfully used for determining L-lactate in food and enriched serum samples.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensing, Biosafety and Diagnosis)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Coffee Ring Effect Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Biosensor via 2-λ Fitting Detection Method
by
Youjun Zeng, Dongyun Kai, Zhenxiao Niu, Zhaogang Nie, Yuye Wang, Yonghong Shao, Lin Ma, Fangteng Zhang, Guanyu Liu and Jiajie Chen
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040195 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
SPR biosensors have been extensively used for investigating protein–protein interactions. However, in conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, detection is limited by the Brownian-motion-governed diffusion process of sample molecules in the sensor chip, which makes it challenging to detect biomolecule interactions at ultra-low
[...] Read more.
SPR biosensors have been extensively used for investigating protein–protein interactions. However, in conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, detection is limited by the Brownian-motion-governed diffusion process of sample molecules in the sensor chip, which makes it challenging to detect biomolecule interactions at ultra-low concentrations. Here, we propose a highly sensitive SPR imaging biosensor which exploits the coffee ring effect (CRE) for in situ enrichment of molecules on the sensing surface. In addition, we designed a wavelength modulation system utilizing two LEDs to reduce the system cost and enhance the detection speed. Furthermore, a detection limit of 213 fM is achieved, which amounts to an approximately 365 times improvement compared to traditional SPR biosensors. With further development, we believe that this SPR imaging system with high sensitivity, less sample consumption, and faster detection speed can be readily applied to ultra-low-concentration molecular detection and interaction analysis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Biosensors for Disease Detection)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
A CRISPR/Cas12a-Based System for Sensitive Detection of Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales
by
Jiyong Shin, Sei Rim Kim, Zifan Xie, Yong-Su Jin and Yi-Cheng Wang
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040194 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria pose a significant global health threat, and bacteria that produce New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) are particularly concerning due to their resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems. The emergence and spread of NDM-producing genes in food-producing animals highlight the need
[...] Read more.
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria pose a significant global health threat, and bacteria that produce New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) are particularly concerning due to their resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems. The emergence and spread of NDM-producing genes in food-producing animals highlight the need for a fast and accurate method for detecting AMR bacteria. We therefore propose a PCR-coupled CRISPR/Cas12a-based fluorescence assay that can detect NDM-producing genes (blaNDM) in bacteria. Thanks to its designed gRNA, this CRISPR/Cas12a system was able to simultaneously cleave PCR amplicons and ssDNA-FQ reporters, generating fluorescence signals. Our method was found to be highly specific when tested against other foodborne pathogens that do not carry blaNDM and also demonstrated an excellent capability to distinguish single-nucleotide polymorphism. In the case of blaNDM-1 carrying E. coli, the assay performed exceptionally well, with a detection limit of 2.7 × 100 CFU/mL: 100 times better than conventional PCR with gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the developed assay detected AMR bacteria in food samples and exhibited enhanced performance compared to previously published real-time PCR assays. Thus, this novel PCR-coupled CRISPR/Cas12a-based fluorescence assay has considerable potential to improve current approaches to AMR gene detection and thereby contribute to mitigating the global threat of AMR.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CRISPR/Cas-Based Biosensing Systems: Development and Applications)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Enhanced Detection of Estrogen-like Compounds by Genetically Engineered Yeast Sensor Strains
by
Nidaa Abu-Rmailah, Liat Moscovici, Carolin Riegraf, Hadas Atias, Sebastian Buchinger, Georg Reifferscheid and Shimshon Belkin
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040193 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
The release of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) to the environment poses a health hazard to both humans and wildlife. EDCs can activate or inhibit endogenous endocrine functions by binding hormone receptors, leading to potentially adverse effects. Conventional analytical methods can detect EDCs at a
[...] Read more.
The release of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) to the environment poses a health hazard to both humans and wildlife. EDCs can activate or inhibit endogenous endocrine functions by binding hormone receptors, leading to potentially adverse effects. Conventional analytical methods can detect EDCs at a high sensitivity and precision, but are blind to the biological activity of the detected compounds. To overcome this limitation, yeast-based bioassays have previously been developed as a pre-screening method, providing an effect-based overview of hormonal-disruptive activity within the sample prior to the application of analytical methods. These yeast biosensors express human endocrine-specific receptors, co-transfected with the relevant response element fused to the specific fluorescent protein reporter gene. We describe several molecular manipulations of the sensor/reporter circuit in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioreporter strain that have yielded an enhanced detection of estrogenic-like compounds. Improved responses were displayed both in liquid culture (96-well plate format) as well as in conjunction with sample separation using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The latter approach allows for an assessment of the biological effect of individual sample components without the need for their chemical identification at the screening stage.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensing for Environmental Monitoring)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Live Cell Monitoring of Separase Activity, a Key Enzymatic Reaction for Chromosome Segregation, with Chimeric FRET-Based Molecular Sensor upon Cell Cycle Progression
by
Md. Shazadur Rahman, Yutaka Shindo, Kotaro Oka, Wataru Ikeda and Miho Suzuki
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040192 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
Separase is a key cysteine protease in the separation of sister chromatids through the digestion of the cohesin ring that inhibits chromosome segregation as a trigger of the metaphase–anaphase transition in eukaryotes. Its activity is highly regulated by binding with securin and cyclinB-CDK1
[...] Read more.
Separase is a key cysteine protease in the separation of sister chromatids through the digestion of the cohesin ring that inhibits chromosome segregation as a trigger of the metaphase–anaphase transition in eukaryotes. Its activity is highly regulated by binding with securin and cyclinB-CDK1 complex. These bindings prevent the proteolytic activity of separase until the onset of anaphase. Chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy are frequently observed in malignancies. However, there are some difficulties in biochemical examinations due to the instability of separase in vitro and the fact that few spatiotemporal resolution approaches exist for monitoring live separase activity throughout mitotic processes. Here, we have developed FRET-based molecular sensors, including GFP variants, with separase-cleavable sequences as donors and covalently attached fluorescent dyes as acceptor molecules. These are applicable to conventional live cell imaging and flow cytometric analysis because of efficient live cell uptake. We investigated the performance of equivalent molecular sensors, either localized or not localized inside the nucleus under cell cycle control, using flow cytometry. Synchronized cell cycle progression rendered significant separase activity detections in both molecular sensors. We obtained consistent outcomes with localized molecular sensor introduction and cell cycle control by fluorescent microscopic observations. We thus established live cell separase activity monitoring systems that can be used specifically or statistically, which could lead to the elucidation of separase properties in detail.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Perspectives of Fluorescent Biosensors)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Wireless Flexible System for Highly Sensitive Ammonia Detection Based on Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotubes
by
Yi Zhuang, Xue Wang, Pengfei Lai, Jin Li, Le Chen, Yuanjing Lin and Fei Wang
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040191 - 13 Apr 2024
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a harmful atmospheric pollutant and an important indicator of environment, health, and food safety conditions. Wearable devices with flexible gas sensors offer convenient real-time NH3 monitoring capabilities. A flexible ammonia gas sensing system to support the internet
[...] Read more.
Ammonia (NH3) is a harmful atmospheric pollutant and an important indicator of environment, health, and food safety conditions. Wearable devices with flexible gas sensors offer convenient real-time NH3 monitoring capabilities. A flexible ammonia gas sensing system to support the internet of things (IoT) is proposed. The flexible gas sensor in this system utilizes polyaniline (PANI) with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decoration as a sensitive material, coated on a silver interdigital electrode on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Gas sensors are combined with other electronic components to form a flexible electronic system. The IoT functionality of the system comes from a microcontroller with Wi-Fi capability. The flexible gas sensor demonstrates commendable sensitivity, selectivity, humidity resistance, and long lifespan. The experimental data procured from the sensor reveal a remarkably low detection threshold of 0.3 ppm, aligning well with the required specifications for monitoring ammonia concentrations in exhaled breath gas, which typically range from 0.425 to 1.8 ppm. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates a negligible reaction to the presence of interfering gases, such as ethanol, acetone, and methanol, thereby ensuring high selectivity for ammonia detection. In addition to these attributes, the sensor maintains consistent stability across a range of environmental conditions, including varying humidity levels, repeated bending cycles, and diverse angles of orientation. A portable, stable, and effective flexible IoT system solution for real-time ammonia sensing is demonstrated by collecting data at the edge end, processing the data in the cloud, and displaying the data at the user end.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Electronics for Biosensing)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Electronic Tongues and Noses: A General Overview
by
Diego Tibaduiza, Maribel Anaya, Johan Gómez, Juan Sarmiento, Maria Perez, Cristhian Lara, Johan Ruiz, Nicolas Osorio, Katerin Rodriguez, Isaac Hernandez and Carlos Sanchez
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040190 - 13 Apr 2024
Abstract
As technology advances, electronic tongues and noses are becoming increasingly important in various industries. These devices can accurately detect and identify different substances and gases based on their chemical composition. This can be incredibly useful in fields such as environmental monitoring and industrial
[...] Read more.
As technology advances, electronic tongues and noses are becoming increasingly important in various industries. These devices can accurately detect and identify different substances and gases based on their chemical composition. This can be incredibly useful in fields such as environmental monitoring and industrial food applications, where the quality and safety of products or ecosystems should be ensured through a precise analysis. Traditionally, this task is performed by an expert panel or by using laboratory tests but sometimes becomes a bottleneck because of time and other human factors that can be solved with technologies such as the provided by electronic tongue and nose devices. Additionally, these devices can be used in medical diagnosis, quality monitoring, and even in the automotive industry to detect gas leaks. The possibilities are endless, and as these technologies continue to improve, they will undoubtedly play an increasingly important role in improving our lives and ensuring our safety. Because of the multiple applications and developments in this field in the last years, this work will present an overview of the electronic tongues and noses from the point of view of the approaches developed and the methodologies used in the data analysis and steps to this aim. In the same manner, this work shows some of the applications that can be found in the use of these devices and ends with some conclusions about the current state of these technologies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical (Bio-) Sensors in Biological Applications—2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Organ and Cell Transplantation
by
Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab, Fatemeh Taheri, Ali Emamgholizadeh and Hossein Naderi-Manesh
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040189 - 11 Apr 2024
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing is a high-throughput novel method that provides transcriptional profiling of individual cells within biological samples. This method typically uses microfluidics systems to uncover the complex intercellular communication networks and biological pathways buried within highly heterogeneous cell populations in tissues. One
[...] Read more.
Single-cell RNA sequencing is a high-throughput novel method that provides transcriptional profiling of individual cells within biological samples. This method typically uses microfluidics systems to uncover the complex intercellular communication networks and biological pathways buried within highly heterogeneous cell populations in tissues. One important application of this technology sits in the fields of organ and stem cell transplantation, where complications such as graft rejection and other post-transplantation life-threatening issues may occur. In this review, we first focus on research in which single-cell RNA sequencing is used to study the transcriptional profile of transplanted tissues. This technology enables the analysis of the donor and recipient cells and identifies cell types and states associated with transplant complications and pathologies. We also review the use of single-cell RNA sequencing in stem cell implantation. This method enables studying the heterogeneity of normal and pathological stem cells and the heterogeneity in cell populations. With their remarkably rapid pace, the single-cell RNA sequencing methodologies will potentially result in breakthroughs in clinical transplantation in the coming years.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microfluidics in Cell Manipulation and Biosensing)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Solvent-Free and Cost-Efficient Fabrication of a High-Performance Nanocomposite Sensor for Recording of Electrophysiological Signals
by
Shuyun Zhuo, Anan Zhang, Alexandre Tessier, Chris Williams and Shideh Kabiri Ameri
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040188 - 11 Apr 2024
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanocomposites have found applications in making sensors for various types of physiological sensing. However, the sensors’ fabrication process is usually complex, multistep, and requires longtime mixing and hazardous solvents that can be harmful to the environment. Here, we report a
[...] Read more.
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanocomposites have found applications in making sensors for various types of physiological sensing. However, the sensors’ fabrication process is usually complex, multistep, and requires longtime mixing and hazardous solvents that can be harmful to the environment. Here, we report a flexible dry silver (Ag)/CNT/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite-based sensor made by a solvent-free, low-temperature, time-effective, and simple approach for electrophysiological recording. By mechanical compression and thermal treatment of Ag/CNT, a connected conductive network of the fillers was formed, after which the PDMS was added as a polymer matrix. The CNTs make a continuous network for electrons transport, endowing the nanocomposite with high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and durability. This process is solvent-free and does not require a high temperature or complex mixing procedure. The sensor shows high flexibility and good conductivity. High-quality electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG) were performed using fabricated dry sensors. Our results show that the Ag/CNT/PDMS sensor has comparable skin–sensor interface impedance with commercial Ag/AgCl-coated dry electrodes, better performance for noninvasive electrophysiological signal recording, and a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) even after 8 months of storage. The SNR of electrophysiological signal recording was measured to be 26.83 dB for our developed sensors versus 25.23 dB for commercial Ag/AgCl-coated dry electrodes. Our process of compress-heating the functional fillers provides a universal approach to fabricate various types of nanocomposites with different nanofillers and desired electrical and mechanical properties.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors for Detection)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Fundamental Study of a Wristwatch Sweat Lactic Acid Monitor
by
Sakae Konno and Hiroyuki Kudo
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040187 - 10 Apr 2024
Abstract
A lactic acid (LA) monitoring system aimed at sweat monitoring was fabricated and tested. The sweat LA monitoring system uses a continuous flow of phosphate buffer saline, instead of chambers or cells, for collecting and storing sweat fluid excreted at the skin surface.
[...] Read more.
A lactic acid (LA) monitoring system aimed at sweat monitoring was fabricated and tested. The sweat LA monitoring system uses a continuous flow of phosphate buffer saline, instead of chambers or cells, for collecting and storing sweat fluid excreted at the skin surface. To facilitate the use of the sweat LA monitoring system by subjects when exercising, the fluid control system, including the sweat sampling device, was designed to be unaffected by body movements or muscle deformation. An advantage of our system is that the skin surface condition is constantly refreshed by continuous flow. A real sample test was carried out during stationary bike exercise, which showed that LA secretion increased by approximately 10 μg/cm2/min compared to the baseline levels before exercise. The LA levels recovered to baseline levels after exercise due to the effect of continuous flow. This indicates that the wristwatch sweat LA monitor has the potential to enable a detailed understanding of the LA distribution at the skin surface.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Wearable Biosensors for Human Health Monitoring)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Multi-Functional Nano-Doped Hollow Fiber from Microfluidics for Sensors and Micromotors
by
Yanpeng Wang, Zhaoyang Wang, Haotian Sun, Tong Lyu, Xing Ma, Jinhong Guo and Ye Tian
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040186 - 10 Apr 2024
Abstract
Nano-doped hollow fiber is currently receiving extensive attention due to its multifunctionality and booming development. However, the microfluidic fabrication of nano-doped hollow fiber in a simple, smooth, stable, continuous, well-controlled manner without system blockage remains challenging. In this study, we employ a microfluidic
[...] Read more.
Nano-doped hollow fiber is currently receiving extensive attention due to its multifunctionality and booming development. However, the microfluidic fabrication of nano-doped hollow fiber in a simple, smooth, stable, continuous, well-controlled manner without system blockage remains challenging. In this study, we employ a microfluidic method to fabricate nano-doped hollow fiber, which not only makes the preparation process continuous, controllable, and efficient, but also improves the dispersion uniformity of nanoparticles. Hydrogel hollow fiber doped with carbon nanotubes is fabricated and exhibits superior electrical conductivity (15.8 S m−1), strong flexibility (342.9%), and versatility as wearable sensors for monitoring human motions and collecting physiological electrical signals. Furthermore, we incorporate iron tetroxide nanoparticles into fibers to create magnetic-driven micromotors, which provide trajectory-controlled motion and the ability to move through narrow channels due to their small size. In addition, manganese dioxide nanoparticles are embedded into the fiber walls to create self-propelled micromotors. When placed in a hydrogen peroxide environment, the micromotors can reach a top speed of 615 μm s−1 and navigate hard-to-reach areas. Our nano-doped hollow fiber offers a broad range of applications in wearable electronics and self-propelled machines and creates promising opportunities for sensors and actuators.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microfluidics in Cell Manipulation and Biosensing)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Colorimetric and Electrochemical Dual-Mode Detection of Thioredoxin 1 Based on the Efficient Peroxidase-Mimicking and Electrocatalytic Property of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles
by
Jeong Un Kim, Jee Min Kim, Annadurai Thamilselvan, Ki-Hwan Nam and Moon Il Kim
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040185 - 10 Apr 2024
Abstract
As a potent detection method for cancer biomarkers in physiological fluid, a colorimetric and electrochemical dual-mode sensing platform for breast cancer biomarker thioredoxin 1 (TRX1) was developed based on the excellent peroxidase-mimicking and electrocatalytic property of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs). PBNPs were hydrothermally
[...] Read more.
As a potent detection method for cancer biomarkers in physiological fluid, a colorimetric and electrochemical dual-mode sensing platform for breast cancer biomarker thioredoxin 1 (TRX1) was developed based on the excellent peroxidase-mimicking and electrocatalytic property of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs). PBNPs were hydrothermally synthesized using K3[Fe(CN)6] as a precursor and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent. The synthesized spherical PBNPs showed a significant peroxidase-like activity, having approximately 20 and 60% lower Km values for 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2, respectively, compared to those of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The PBNPs also enhanced the electron transfer on the electrode surface. Based on the beneficial features, PBNPs were used to detect target TRX1 via sandwich-type immunoassay procedures. Using the strategies, TRX1 was selectively and sensitively detected, yielding limit of detection (LOD) values as low as 9.0 and 6.5 ng mL−1 via colorimetric and electrochemical approaches, respectively, with a linear range of 10–50 ng mL−1 in both strategies. The PBNP-based TRX1 immunoassays also exhibited a high degree of precision when applied to real human serum samples, demonstrating significant potentials to replace conventional HRP-based immunoassay systems into rapid, robust, reliable, and convenient dual-mode assay systems which can be widely utilized for the identification of important target molecules including cancer biomarkers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Biosensing Application)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Innovative Detection of Biomarkers Based on Chemiluminescent Nanoparticles and a Lensless Optical Sensor
by
Cristina Potrich, Gianluca Palmara, Francesca Frascella, Lucio Pancheri and Lorenzo Lunelli
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040184 - 09 Apr 2024
Abstract
The identification and quantification of biomarkers with innovative technologies is an urgent need for the precise diagnosis and follow up of human diseases. Body fluids offer a variety of informative biomarkers, which are traditionally measured with time-consuming and expensive methods. In this context,
[...] Read more.
The identification and quantification of biomarkers with innovative technologies is an urgent need for the precise diagnosis and follow up of human diseases. Body fluids offer a variety of informative biomarkers, which are traditionally measured with time-consuming and expensive methods. In this context, lateral flow tests (LFTs) represent a rapid and low-cost technology with a sensitivity that is potentially improvable by chemiluminescence biosensing. Here, an LFT based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies labeled with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase is combined with a lensless biosensor. This biosensor comprises four Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) coupled in close proximity to the LFT strip. Microfluidics for liquid handling complete the system. The development and the setup of the biosensor is carefully described and characterized. C-reactive protein was selected as a proof-of-concept biomarker to define the limit of detection, which resulted in about 0.8 pM when gold nanoparticles were used. The rapid readout (less than 5 min) and the absence of sample preparation make this biosensor promising for the direct and fast detection of human biomarkers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors and Their Applications)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Non-Invasive Biosensing for Healthcare Using Artificial Intelligence: A Semi-Systematic Review
by
Tanvir Islam and Peter Washington
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040183 - 09 Apr 2024
Abstract
The rapid development of biosensing technologies together with the advent of deep learning has marked an era in healthcare and biomedical research where widespread devices like smartphones, smartwatches, and health-specific technologies have the potential to facilitate remote and accessible diagnosis, monitoring, and adaptive
[...] Read more.
The rapid development of biosensing technologies together with the advent of deep learning has marked an era in healthcare and biomedical research where widespread devices like smartphones, smartwatches, and health-specific technologies have the potential to facilitate remote and accessible diagnosis, monitoring, and adaptive therapy in a naturalistic environment. This systematic review focuses on the impact of combining multiple biosensing techniques with deep learning algorithms and the application of these models to healthcare. We explore the key areas that researchers and engineers must consider when developing a deep learning model for biosensing: the data modality, the model architecture, and the real-world use case for the model. We also discuss key ongoing challenges and potential future directions for research in this field. We aim to provide useful insights for researchers who seek to use intelligent biosensing to advance precision healthcare.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors Aiming for Practical Uses)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessCommunication
Development of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Rapid Detection of Gallic Acid
by
Jiajing Duan, Xiuxia Zheng, Ran Tao, Long Li, Fengzhong Wang, Yufeng Sun and Bei Fan
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040182 - 09 Apr 2024
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is closely related to the quality of herbal medicines and other agricultural products. In order to facilitate the rapid detection of GA, we developed a monoclonal antibody-based ic-ELISA method. Antigens with and without connecting arms were prepared. It was found
[...] Read more.
Gallic acid (GA) is closely related to the quality of herbal medicines and other agricultural products. In order to facilitate the rapid detection of GA, we developed a monoclonal antibody-based ic-ELISA method. Antigens with and without connecting arms were prepared. It was found that the introduction of connecting arms (linear carbon chain) was beneficial for immune response. By utilizing hybridoma technology, a specific mAb (anti-GA-M702) was screened and identified, which exhibited a 1:40,500 antibody titer and IgG2b antibody subtype. The ic-ELISA assay was established based on anti-GA-M702. The optimal working concentrations of the encapsulated antigen and antibody were 0.5 µg/mL and 0.67 µg/mL, respectively. The ic-ELISA method showed a linear detection range of 297.17–2426.61 ng/mL for GA with a sensitivity of 849.18 ng/mL. It displayed a good applicability for the determination of GA in Galla chinensis. In conclusion, the ic-ELISA method provides an efficient approach to the rapid detection of GA in products.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoassays and Biosensing)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Biosensor for Quantization of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Serum via Target-Induced Cleavage of Oligopeptide
by
Manping Qian, Yu Zeng, Meng Li, Qiang Gao, Chengxiao Zhang and Honglan Qi
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040181 - 08 Apr 2024
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed for the determination of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) in serum via the target-induced cleavage of an oligopeptide. One ECL probe (named as Ir-peptide) was synthesized by covalently linking a new cyclometalated iridium(III)
[...] Read more.
A highly sensitive and selective electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed for the determination of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) in serum via the target-induced cleavage of an oligopeptide. One ECL probe (named as Ir-peptide) was synthesized by covalently linking a new cyclometalated iridium(III) complex ([(3-pba)2Ir(bpy-COOH)](PF6)) (3-pba = 3-(2-pyridyl) benzaldehyde, bpy-COOH = 4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine-4-carboxylic acid) with an oligopeptide (CGVPLSLTMGKGGK). An ECL biosensor was fabricated by firstly casting Nafion and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a glassy carbon electrode and then self-assembling both of the ECL probes, 6-mercapto-1-hexanol and zwitterionic peptide, on the electrode surface, from which the AuNPs could be used to amplify the ECL signal and Ir-peptide could serve as an ECL probe to detect the MMP-3. Thanks to the MMP-3-induced cleavage of the oligopeptide contributing to the decrease in ECL intensity and the amplification of the ECL signal using AuNPs, the ECL biosensor could selectively and sensitively quantify MMP-3 in the concentration range of 10–150 ng·mL−1 and with both a limit of quantification (26.7 ng·mL−1) and a limit of detection (8.0 ng·mL−1) via one-step recognition. In addition, the developed ECL biosensor showed good performance in the quantization of MMP-3 in serum samples, with a recovery of 92.6% ± 2.8%–105.6% ± 5.0%. An increased level of MMP-3 was found in the serum of rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with that of healthy people. This work provides a sensitive and selective biosensing method for the detection of MMP-3 in human serum, which is promising in the identification of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Biosensors)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Highly Sensitive and Linear Resonator-Based Biosensor for White Blood Cell Counting: Feasible Measurement Method and Intrinsic Mechanism Exploration
by
Yi-Ke Wang, Bo-Wen Shi, Jun-Ming Zhao, Yan-Xiong Wang, Yan-Feng Jiang, Gang-Long Yang, Xiao-Dong Gao and Tian Qiang
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040180 - 07 Apr 2024
Abstract
Since different quantities of white blood cells (WBCs) in solution possess an adaptive osmotic pressure of cells, the WBCs themselves and in solution have similar concentrations, resulting in them having similar dielectric properties. Therefore, a microwave sensor could have difficulty in sensing the
[...] Read more.
Since different quantities of white blood cells (WBCs) in solution possess an adaptive osmotic pressure of cells, the WBCs themselves and in solution have similar concentrations, resulting in them having similar dielectric properties. Therefore, a microwave sensor could have difficulty in sensing the quantity variation when WBCs are in solution. This paper presents a highly sensitive, linear permittivity-inspired microwave biosensor for WBCs, counting through the evaporation method. Such a measurement method is proposed to record measurements after the cell solution is dripped onto the chip and is completely evaporated naturally. The proposed biosensor consists of an air-bridged asymmetric differential inductor and a centrally located circular fork-finger capacitor fabricated on a GaAs substrate using integrated passive fabrication technology. It is optimized to feature a larger sensitive area and improved Q-factor, which increases the effective area of interaction between cells and the electromagnetic field and facilitates the detection of their changes in number. The sensing relies on the dielectric properties of the cells and the change in the dielectric constant for different concentrations, and the change in resonance properties, which mainly represents the frequency shift, corresponds to the macroscopic change in the concentration of the cells. The microwave biosensors are used to measure biological samples with concentrations ranging from 0.25 × 106 to 8 × 106 cells per mL in a temperature (26.00 ± 0.40 °C) and humidity (54.40 ± 3.90 RH%) environment. The measurement results show a high sensitivity of 25.06 Hz/cells·mL−1 with a highly linear response of r2 = 0.99748. In addition, a mathematical modeling of individual cells in suspension is performed to estimate the dielectric constant of individual cells and further explain the working mechanism of the proposed microwave biosensor.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell-Based Biosensors for Rapid Detection and Monitoring)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Biosensors Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Biosensors, Sensors
Optical Molecular Sensing and Imaging: Development and Applications
Topic Editors: Pengfei Zhang, Rui WangDeadline: 20 July 2024
Topic in
Automation, Biosensors, Fibers, Photonics, Sensors
Advance and Applications of Fiber Optic Measurement: 2nd Edition
Topic Editors: Flavio Esposito, Stefania Campopiano, Agostino IadiciccoDeadline: 30 November 2024
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Biosensors
Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors for Imaging or Detection of Biomarkers, Virus, Bacteria, and Metal Ions
Guest Editor: Meisheng WuDeadline: 26 April 2024
Special Issue in
Biosensors
Photonics-Based Biosensors for Environmental, Food Safety and Biomedical Applications
Guest Editor: Wendy MeulebroeckDeadline: 30 April 2024
Special Issue in
Biosensors
Nanotechnology-Based Biosensors: Applications in Cancer and Neurodegeneration
Guest Editor: Donato ConteducaDeadline: 20 May 2024
Special Issue in
Biosensors
Implantable, Wireless Biosensors and Biodevices for Neuroscience Research
Guest Editors: Ming Yin, David A. Borton, Jiayi ZhangDeadline: 31 May 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Biosensors
Novel Sensing System for Biomedical Applications
Collection Editors: Chia-Ching Chang, Chiun-Jye Yuan, Chih-Chia Huang
Topical Collection in
Biosensors
Microsystems for Cell Cultures
Collection Editors: Iordania Constantinou, Thomas E. Winkler
Topical Collection in
Biosensors
Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics
Collection Editor: Guozhen Liu
Topical Collection in
Biosensors
Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare Applications
Collection Editors: Ming-Yih Lee, Wen-Yen Lin