Engineering Proceedings

Editorial

Jump to: Other

5 pages, 459 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

The Cutting Edge on Advances in ICT Systems in Agriculture

by Maria Lampridi, Lefteris Benos, Dimitrios Aidonis, Dimitrios Kateris, Aristotelis C. Tagarakis, Ilias Platis, Charisios Achillas and Dionysis Bochtis

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009046 - 11 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1399

Abstract

Modern agriculture has to shoulder the burden of a plethora of challenges associated with demographics, climate change, and natural resources depletion [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Editorial

4 pages, 187 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Digital Agriculture Infrastructure in the USA and Germany

by Heinz Bernhardt, Leon Schumacher, Jianfeng Zhou, Maximilian Treiber and Kent Shannon

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009001 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2297

Abstract

The USA and Germany have compared the issues that surround the adoption of digital technology on the farm that will foster more environmentally sustainable food production/processing systems. Both countries lack robust broadband internet pathways to foster the adoption of these technologies. The problem [...] Read more.

The USA and Germany have compared the issues that surround the adoption of digital technology on the farm that will foster more environmentally sustainable food production/processing systems. Both countries lack robust broadband internet pathways to foster the adoption of these technologies. The problem is currently relevant to making this data technology available on every farm and field. The implementation of this infrastructure is even more important as society demands more and more information on the product and production process of agriculture and industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 224 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Review of the State-of-Art, Limitations, and Perspectives of Machine Vision for Grape Ripening Estimation

by Eleni Vrochidou, Christos Bazinas, George A. Papakostas, Theodore Pachidis and Vassilis G. Kaburlasos

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009002 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1348

Abstract

This work highlights the most recent machine vision methodologies and algorithms proposed for estimating the ripening stage of grapes. Destructive and non-destructive methods are overviewed for in-field and in-lab applications. Integration principles of innovative technologies and algorithms to agricultural agrobots, namely, Agrobots, [...] Read more.

This work highlights the most recent machine vision methodologies and algorithms proposed for estimating the ripening stage of grapes. Destructive and non-destructive methods are overviewed for in-field and in-lab applications. Integration principles of innovative technologies and algorithms to agricultural agrobots, namely, Agrobots, are investigated. Critical aspects and limitations, in terms of hardware and software, are also discussed. This work is meant to be a complete guide of the state-of-the-art machine vision algorithms for grape ripening estimation, pointing out the advantages and barriers for the adaptation of machine vision towards robotic automation of the grape and wine industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 189 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

NEVONEX—The Importance of Middleware and Interfaces for the Digital Transformation of Agriculture

by Maximilian Treiber and Heinz Bernhardt

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009003 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1267

Abstract

For a “system of systems” approach in agriculture, agricultural machinery is facing the challenge of bringing tractor-implement combinations and harvesting machinery to the IoT (Internet of Things). While standards such as the ISO 11783 (ISOBUS) have enabled seamless tractor-implement communications, the manufacturer-independent communication [...] Read more.

For a “system of systems” approach in agriculture, agricultural machinery is facing the challenge of bringing tractor-implement combinations and harvesting machinery to the IoT (Internet of Things). While standards such as the ISO 11783 (ISOBUS) have enabled seamless tractor-implement communications, the manufacturer-independent communication of tractors, implements and harvesting machinery with external sensors and different Cloud systems/services are still lacking. IoT ecosystems for agricultural machinery are gaining ground in the market to solve these problems. In this regard, an overview is given about the role of interfaces and middleware and how they can help to improve data flow, improve connectivity, compatibility and interoperability of digital products that farmers use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

5 pages, 212 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sensitivity of Greek Organisations in Sustainability Issues

by Alexandros Chrissos-Anestis, Charisios Achillas, Dimitrios Folinas, Dimitrios Aidonis and Michael Chrissos Anestis

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009004 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1584

Abstract

Recently, the world has been faced with a variety of environmental, social, and economic problems. The effects of climate change and the lack of resources are constantly intensifying, while at the same time the impact of industrial production has become an international issue. [...] Read more.

Recently, the world has been faced with a variety of environmental, social, and economic problems. The effects of climate change and the lack of resources are constantly intensifying, while at the same time the impact of industrial production has become an international issue. Undoubtedly, this global paradigm and these relevant social and economic challenges require joint efforts at an international level. During the past few decades, a number of companies in Greece have undertaken initiatives towards sustainable development (SD) by adopting “green” practices. This work presents the findings of a survey that has been conducted in 2020, which investigates the extent of business contribution to the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Research was based on the analysis of sustainability reporting published by Greek companies. The key findings of the survey show that issues related to environmental protection, societal well-being, and citizens’ quality of life have attracted an increasing level of awareness in the Greek industry sectors. Issues such as climate change, as well as sustainable production and consumption, are becoming topics within companies’ day-to-day agenda. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 1195 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Wearable Sensors for Identifying Activity Signatures in Human-Robot Collaborative Agricultural Environments

by Aristotelis C. Tagarakis, Lefteris Benos, Eirini Aivazidou, Athanasios Anagnostis, Dimitrios Kateris and Dionysis Bochtis

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009005 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1261

Abstract

To establish a safe human–robot interaction in collaborative agricultural environments, a field experiment was performed, acquiring data from wearable sensors placed at five different body locations on 20 participants. The human–robot collaborative task presented in this study involved six well-defined continuous sub-activities, which [...] Read more.

To establish a safe human–robot interaction in collaborative agricultural environments, a field experiment was performed, acquiring data from wearable sensors placed at five different body locations on 20 participants. The human–robot collaborative task presented in this study involved six well-defined continuous sub-activities, which were executed under several variants to capture, as much as possible, the different ways in which someone can carry out certain synergistic actions in the field. The obtained dataset was made publicly accessible, thus enabling future meta-studies for machine learning models focusing on human activity recognition, and ergonomics aiming to identify the main risk factors for possible injuries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 219 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Rice Contract Farming in Vietnam: Insights from a Qualitative Study

by Mai Chiem Tuyen, Prapinwadee Sirisupluxana, Isriya Bunyasiri and Pham Xuan Hung

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009006 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1621

Abstract

Since 2002, Vietnam has implemented rice contract-farming policies to develop the linkage among stakeholders in the agricultural sector; however, there is very low participation of farmers. Therefore, this study aims to determine the perception on both advantages and disadvantages of rice contract farming [...] Read more.

Since 2002, Vietnam has implemented rice contract-farming policies to develop the linkage among stakeholders in the agricultural sector; however, there is very low participation of farmers. Therefore, this study aims to determine the perception on both advantages and disadvantages of rice contract farming (RCF); identify the reasons for non-participation and drop-out of rice contract farming; and indicate the typology of contract by using data from documentation, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The results indicate that farmers considered the guaranteed output price and stable income as the most advantages of RCF while the main disadvantages were reducing the household’s freedom or losing flexibility in making decisions on-farm production, management, and selling product; possible delays in payments, in input delivery, in harvesting, and output delivery. In addition, farmers did not want to participate in RCF because of reducing the household’s freedom in making decisions, not complying with RCF, not trusting cooperatives as well as enterprises, and because selling paddy to middlemen is easier and simpler. Farmers dropped out of RCF because the contracting companies breached the contract provisions. Farmers mentioned many provisions of the contract but the most important to them were payment, price options, and delivery arrangement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

6 pages, 1813 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Molecular and Phenotypic Diversity of Indigenous Oenological Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated in Greece

by Aikaterini Karampatea, Argirios Tsakiris, Yiannis Kourkoutas and Georgios Skavdis

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009007 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1030

Abstract

During 3 years, we explored the biodiversity of the indigenous yeast flora in five Greek wine regions by collecting five varietal grape samples, conventionally and biologically cultured. Spontaneous wine fermentations were carried out by the native microbiota of the grape juice, without the [...] Read more.

During 3 years, we explored the biodiversity of the indigenous yeast flora in five Greek wine regions by collecting five varietal grape samples, conventionally and biologically cultured. Spontaneous wine fermentations were carried out by the native microbiota of the grape juice, without the inoculation of selected industrially produced yeast. The indigenous yeast flora, isolated at three phases of these fermentations, was purified and characterized using different oenological and technological criteria. The pre-selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, with the most promising oenological characteristics, were evaluated in microvinifications of Malagousia must and the quality of the produced wines was subjected to a sensorial descriptive analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 655 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Method Comparison Study between Open Source and Industrial Weather Stations

by Evmorfia P. Bataka, Georgios Miliokas, Nikolaos Katsoulas and Christos T. Nakas

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009008 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1171

Abstract

Open-source devices are widespread and have been available to everyone over the past decade. The low cost of such devices boosts the creation of instruments for various applications such as smart farming, environmental monitoring, animal behavior monitoring, human health monitoring, etc. This research [...] Read more.

Open-source devices are widespread and have been available to everyone over the past decade. The low cost of such devices boosts the creation of instruments for various applications such as smart farming, environmental monitoring, animal behavior monitoring, human health monitoring, etc. This research aims to use statistical methods to assess agreement and similarity in order to compare an open-source weather station that was constructed and programmed from scratch with an industrial weather station. The experiment took place in the experimental Greenhouses of the University of Thessaly, Velestino, Greece, for 7 consecutive days. The topology of the experiment consisted of 30 open-source weather stations and three industrials, creating three clusters with a ratio of 10 open-source to 1 industrial. The results revealed low to high agreement across the measurement range, with high variability, possibly due to factors that were not considered in the statistical model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 406 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Identification and Modeling Carbon and Energy Fluxes from Eddy Covariance Time Series Measurements in Rice and Rainfed Crops

by Víctor Cicuéndez, Javier Litago, Víctor Sánchez-Girón, Laura Recuero, César Sáenz and Alicia Palacios-Orueta

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009009 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 962

Abstract

Gross primary production (GPP) represents the carbon (C) uptake of ecosystems through photosynthesis and it is the largest flux of the global carbon balance. Our overall objective in this research is to identify and model GPP dynamics and its relationship with meteorological variables [...] Read more.

Gross primary production (GPP) represents the carbon (C) uptake of ecosystems through photosynthesis and it is the largest flux of the global carbon balance. Our overall objective in this research is to identify and model GPP dynamics and its relationship with meteorological variables and energy fluxes based on time series analysis of eddy covariance (EC) data in two different agroecosystems, a Mediterranean rice crop in Spain and a rainfed cropland in Germany. Crops exerted an important influence on the energy and water fluxes dynamics existing a clear feedback between GPP, meteorological variables and energy fluxes in both type of crops. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 2194 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Smart Farming System for Circular Agriculture

by Aristotelis C. Tagarakis, Christos Dordas, Maria Lampridi, Dimitrios Kateris and Dionysis Bochtis

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009010 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3206

Abstract

Agricultural activities such as fertilization and other crop management techniques contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution; the cost of such activities is considerably high, with nitrogen pollution costing the EU up to 320 billion euros annually. In the present study, an integrated [...] Read more.

Agricultural activities such as fertilization and other crop management techniques contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution; the cost of such activities is considerably high, with nitrogen pollution costing the EU up to 320 billion euros annually. In the present study, an integrated system has been proposed which utilizes smart farming tools and smart processing methodologies following the concept of a circular economy to reduce the impact of agricultural activity on climate change. Circular agriculture and precision farming together with the use of appropriate crop management tools may contribute to better resource use efficiency and sustainable agriculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 465 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Requirements Identification for a Blockchain-Based Traceability Model for Animal-Based Medicines

by Rodrigo S. Aranda, Roberto F. Silva and Carlos E. Cugnasca

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009011 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1209

Abstract

In this paper, the traceability of heparin medicine will be studied. Currently, the registration of traceability data is conducted in a decentralized manner. With blockchain implementation, the traceability systems that use this data could become semi-automated, increasing the quality, security, and confidence of [...] Read more.

In this paper, the traceability of heparin medicine will be studied. Currently, the registration of traceability data is conducted in a decentralized manner. With blockchain implementation, the traceability systems that use this data could become semi-automated, increasing the quality, security, and confidence of the information generated in the supply chain. This paper presents the essential requirements and activities wherein information must be collected within the heparin drug supply chain, focusing on the animal raw materials production link and its requirements. Blockchain technology is proposed to increase traceability and reliability in relation to the current situation. It also fulfills all the requirements identified if used as part of a traceability system. These requirements are: the existence of a consensus mechanism; anonymity; protocol, efficiency, and consumption; immutability; ownership and management; and approval time. We conclude the paper by presenting the mapping of requirements and entities and critical activities for adopting blockchain technology to support the traceability of raw materials from animals used in heparin production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 198 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Society’s View on Autonomous Agriculture: Does Digitalization Lead to Alienation?

by Olivia Spykman, Agnes Emberger-Klein, Andreas Gabriel and Markus Gandorfer

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009012 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1157

Abstract

Digital and autonomous technologies enter the agricultural market at an increasing rate, yet little is known about society’s view on this development, although the public is an important stakeholder. By means of a discrete choice experiment (n = 675), societal preferences for different [...] Read more.

Digital and autonomous technologies enter the agricultural market at an increasing rate, yet little is known about society’s view on this development, although the public is an important stakeholder. By means of a discrete choice experiment (n = 675), societal preferences for different weed control technologies and tractor types of different degrees of autonomy are investigated. The model applied focuses on emotion-related covariates. The results indicate preferences for conventional or autonomous tractors and for methods of weed control that reduce the need for herbicides. Additionally, positive associations with images of robots correlate with the rejection of conventional tractors in the discrete choice experiment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 1047 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of the Concept of Feasibility in Sustainable Agricultural Systems

by Lavinia Popescu and Adela Sorinela Safta

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009013 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 966

Abstract

The paper addresses through the new type concept the analysis of the feasibility of agricultural systems adaptable to environmental requirements. The development of a conceptual system for the feasibility of soil techniques through the responsible management of agricultural technological mechanisms can be expected [...] Read more.

The paper addresses through the new type concept the analysis of the feasibility of agricultural systems adaptable to environmental requirements. The development of a conceptual system for the feasibility of soil techniques through the responsible management of agricultural technological mechanisms can be expected to mitigate the impact of climate change. This paper analyzes the role of agricultural technologies based on the implementation of sustainable agriculture; as well as their interconnectivity in the local environment. In the methodological analysis was performed by compiling statistical data on agricultural production and effects of greenhouse gases (GHG) on agriculture Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 194 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Tailored Digitization for Rural Development

by Valeria Sodano

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009014 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1052

Abstract

The widespread use of many digital technologies along the food supply chain might have negative effects on rural development and on small and medium farms. One conclusion of this paper is that in order for rural areas to exploit all the benefits from [...] Read more.

The widespread use of many digital technologies along the food supply chain might have negative effects on rural development and on small and medium farms. One conclusion of this paper is that in order for rural areas to exploit all the benefits from digitization, avoiding the associated risks, there should be more agricultural extension services to farmers and more open data portals and platforms. This is in order to develop technologies specifically tailored for the economic, natural and social environment of rural areas, and therefore to be able to promote their modernization without giving up their cultural heritages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 335 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modelling Digital Circular Economy framework in the Agricultural Sector. An Application in Southern Italy

by Tiziana Crovella, Annarita Paiano, Giovanni Lagioia, Anna Maria Cilardi and Luigi Trotta

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009015 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1203

Abstract

The transition towards circular economy (CE) in agriculture requires a large amount of data in order to map the consumption of natural resources and negative externalities. This paper aims to identify a digital framework for collecting and sharing data fundamental for stakeholders with [...] Read more.

The transition towards circular economy (CE) in agriculture requires a large amount of data in order to map the consumption of natural resources and negative externalities. This paper aims to identify a digital framework for collecting and sharing data fundamental for stakeholders with the purpose of implementing the best CE model. The methodology used is based on the guidelines of the stakeholder engagement and through a survey, and the authors have mapped the lack of data and built a set by replicable sustainability indicators. The results obtained can be used for the definition of regional policy strategies and interventions for CE model implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 711 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Bibliometric Review on the Use of Internet of Things Technologies to Monitor the Impacts of Wind on Trees and Forests

by José S. R. Faria, Roberto F. Silva, Sérgio Brazolin and Carlos E. Cugnasca

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009016 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1231

Abstract

The presence of trees brings several health benefits to urban populations. However, wind damage is an important cause of falling trees, causing considerable damages. This study involved a bibliometric review on the use of Internet of Things technologies for monitoring trees. A research [...] Read more.

The presence of trees brings several health benefits to urban populations. However, wind damage is an important cause of falling trees, causing considerable damages. This study involved a bibliometric review on the use of Internet of Things technologies for monitoring trees. A research protocol was designed and implemented, involving a thorough search of the Scopus database. After applying the exclusion criteria and content filters, the abstracts and titles of the resulting 313 documents were analyzed. Two analyses were performed; (i) an analysis of the evolution of the area based on the study metadata; (ii) a cluster analysis of the words present in the abstracts and titles of the identified documents. The first analysis showed: (i) the current growth of this area of research; (ii) that the most important fields of study were agricultural, biological, environmental, and terrestrial and planetary sciences; (iii) that the most relevant journal was Ecology and Forest Management. The second analysis resulted in the identification of three clusters: (i) wind impact; (ii) variables and experiments; (iii) forest management. The main gap observed was that few studies have used IoT technologies as tools for preventive or corrective actions related to wind and storm impacts on trees and forests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 429 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

How Agricultural Digital Innovation Can Benefit from Semantics: The Case of the AGROVOC Multilingual Thesaurus

by Esther Mietzsch, Daniel Martini, Kristin Kolshus, Andrea Turbati and Imma Subirats

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009017 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1666

Abstract

AGROVOC is the multilingual thesaurus managed and published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Its content is available in more than 40 languages and covers all the FAO’s areas of interest. The structural basis is a resource description [...] Read more.

AGROVOC is the multilingual thesaurus managed and published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Its content is available in more than 40 languages and covers all the FAO’s areas of interest. The structural basis is a resource description framework (RDF) and simple knowledge organization system (SKOS). More than 39,000 concepts identified by a uniform resource identifier (URI) and 800,000 terms are related through a hierarchical system and aligned to knowledge organization systems. This paper aims to illustrate the recent developments in the context of AGROVOC and to present use cases where it has contributed to enhancing the interoperability of data shared by different information systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 1442 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Light Penetration Properties of Visible and NIR Radiation in Tomatoes Applied to Non-Destructive Quality Assessment

by Merel Arink, Haris Ahmad Khan and Gerrit Polder

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009018 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1649

Abstract

Tomato is an important food product for which the development of non-destructive quality assessment methods is of great interest. Using visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, the sugar content, acidity and even taste can be estimated through the use of chemometric methods (e.g., partial [...] Read more.

Tomato is an important food product for which the development of non-destructive quality assessment methods is of great interest. Using visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, the sugar content, acidity and even taste can be estimated through the use of chemometric methods (e.g., partial least squares regression). In the case of reflection spectra, which are the common modality for imaging spectroscopy, the question arises regarding how much of the interior of the tomato contributes to the measured spectra. An experiment was performed with tomatoes of four different types: beef tomato, classic round tomato, cocktail tomato, and snack tomato. The tomatoes were sliced at different thicknesses and imaged on a 98% reflective white background and a 4% reflective black background. Spectral images were acquired with VNIR (400–1000 nm) and NIR (900–1700 nm) imaging spectrographs. The difference between the spectra with a white and black background was used to determine the relationship between the wavelength and the light penetration depth. The results show that at wavelengths between 600 and 1100 nm, light penetrates the tomatoes up to a distance of 20 mm. The relation more or less follows the law of Lambert–Beer. This relation was the same for all four types of tomatoes. These results help the interpretation of chemometric models based on reflection (imaging) spectroscopy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 447 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Capturing and Evaluating the Effects of the Expansive Species Ailanthus altissima on Agro-Ecosystems on the Ionian Islands

by Yorghos Voutos, Nicole Godsil, Anna Sotiropoulou, Phivos Mylonas, Pavlos Bouchagier, Themis Exarchos, Aristotelis Martinis and Katerina Kabassi

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009019 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 914

Abstract

There is a significant number of agricultural systems with rich and special biodiversity, characterized as high-nature-value farming systems (HNV) in the Ionian Islands region. These agro-ecosystems cover a significant area in this region and are divided in olive groves and vineyards which, in [...] Read more.

There is a significant number of agricultural systems with rich and special biodiversity, characterized as high-nature-value farming systems (HNV) in the Ionian Islands region. These agro-ecosystems cover a significant area in this region and are divided in olive groves and vineyards which, in some cases, cover a significant part of the protected areas (Natura 2000 and SPA). There are solid olive groves but also a large number of scattered trees or clusters, as well as vineyards, which are largely identified as high-quality wine producers. Finally, there are smaller but extremely important examples of HNV, such as the Englouvi plateau in Lefkada. In this study, we propose a method to survey the spread of Ailanthus altissima in olive groves and vineyards (HNV areas) with the scope of evaluating the considered agro-ecosystems, based on the importance of ecosystems and ecosystem services they provide, and preparing a management plan for HNV areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 483 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Depth Image Selection Based on Posture for Calf Body Weight Estimation

by Yuki Yamamoto, Takenao Ohkawa, Chikara Ohta, Kenji Oyama and Ryo Nishide

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009020 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1124

Abstract

We are developing a system to estimate body weight using calf depth images taken in a loose barn. For this purpose, depth images should be taken from the side, without calves overlapping and without their backs bent. However, most of the depth images [...] Read more.

We are developing a system to estimate body weight using calf depth images taken in a loose barn. For this purpose, depth images should be taken from the side, without calves overlapping and without their backs bent. However, most of the depth images that are taken successively and automatically do not satisfy these conditions. Therefore, we need to select only the depth images that match these conditions, as to take many images as possible. The existing method assumes that a calf standing sideways and upright in front of cameras is in a suitable pose. However, since such cases rarely occur, not many images were selected. This paper proposes a new depth image-selection method, focusing on whether a calf is sideways, and the back is not bent, regardless of whether the calf is still or walking. First, depth images including only a single calf are extracted. The calf was identified using radio frequency identification (RFID) when its depth image was taken. Then, the calf area was extracted by background subtraction and contour detection with a depth image. Finally, to judge the usable depth images, we detected and evaluated the calf’s posture, such as the angle of the calf to the camera and the slope of the dorsal line. We used the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) to assess the efficiency of our method. As two times the number of depth images were extracted, our method achieved an MAPE of 12.45%, while the existing method achieved an MAPE of 13.87%. From this result, we have confirmed that our method makes body weight estimation more accurate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 661 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Developing a Method to Simulate and Evaluate Effects of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change on Wheat Crop Production: A Challenging Multi-Criteria Analysis

by Christophe Gigot, Doriane Hamernig, Violaine Deytieux, Ibrahima Diallo, Olivier Deudon, Emmanuelle Gourdain, Jean-Noël Aubertot, Marie-Hélène Robin, Marie-Odile Bancal, Laurent Huber and Marie Launay

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009021 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1266

Abstract

Adaptation of cropping management strategies is necessary to ensure the sustainability of our agriculture, which is facing threats arising from climate change. A methodology is proposed to find out and compare the most promising adaptation strategies in this context considering both biotic and [...] Read more.

Adaptation of cropping management strategies is necessary to ensure the sustainability of our agriculture, which is facing threats arising from climate change. A methodology is proposed to find out and compare the most promising adaptation strategies in this context considering both biotic and abiotic stresses. A set of pre-selected strategies were evaluated based on economic, plant health and environmental criteria. A dedicated workflow combining the STICS crop model, epidemiological models and multi-criteria analysis was designed, implemented and tested for a wheat production situation. Flexible by design, this methodology can consider different criteria weights to be used as an exchange support with stakeholders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 201 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Farm-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions’ Decision Support Systems

by Evangelos Alexandropoulos, Vasileios Anestis and Thomas Bartzanas

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009022 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 866

Abstract

In this paper, 15 farm-scale Green House Gas-based (GHG-based) decision support (DS) tools were evaluated based on a number of criteria (descriptive evaluation), as well as the parameters requested as inputs and the outputs, all of which are considered important for the estimation [...] Read more.

In this paper, 15 farm-scale Green House Gas-based (GHG-based) decision support (DS) tools were evaluated based on a number of criteria (descriptive evaluation), as well as the parameters requested as inputs and the outputs, all of which are considered important for the estimation procedure and the decision support approach. The tools were grouped as emission calculators and tools providing indicators in terms of more than one pillar of sustainability. The results suggest an absence of automatic consultation in decision support in most of the tools. Furthermore, dairy and beef cattle production systems are the most represented in the tools examined. This research confirms a number of important functionalities of modern GHG-based DS tools. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 1333 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Construction of an Observatory, As a Management Tool Decision, Valorisation and Sustainable Preservation of the Resources of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants

by Valter Hoxha, Florjan Bombaj and Hélène Ilbert

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009023 - 30 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1045

Abstract

Today, the actors of the aromatic and medicinal plants (MAPs) sector are facing several problems related to the management, exploitation, marketing and valorisation of these resources. The objective of this presentation is to build a MAPs monitoring model based on two very important [...] Read more.

Today, the actors of the aromatic and medicinal plants (MAPs) sector are facing several problems related to the management, exploitation, marketing and valorisation of these resources. The objective of this presentation is to build a MAPs monitoring model based on two very important sources of information: Global Positioning System (GPS) tracks for the plant gatherer Linden (Tilia argentea), and historical inventory data of the year 1988. The results show that the experimental model of the database enables the storage, processing and cross-referencing of historical data with the GPS geographic information provided by gatherers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 770 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Drought Periods Identification in Ecuador between 2001 and 2018 Using SPEI and MODIS Data

by César Sáenz, Javier Litago, Klaus Wiese, Laura Recuero, Victor Cicuéndez and Alicia Palacios-Orueta

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009024 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1382

Abstract

Drought is a natural phenomenon in which the precipitation amount is below normal in a specific region over a long period. The main objective of this study is to identify periods of drought in Ecuador between 2001 and 2018 using the Standardized Precipitation [...] Read more.

Drought is a natural phenomenon in which the precipitation amount is below normal in a specific region over a long period. The main objective of this study is to identify periods of drought in Ecuador between 2001 and 2018 using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) derived from MODIS data. Firstly, the SPEI at a six-month scale and the Runs theory were used to identify periods of drought. Secondly, the NDWI from MOD09A1 MODIS product was used to identify the areas affected by drought. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 654 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Have City Dwellers Lost Touch with Modern Agriculture? In Quest of Differences between Urban and Rural Population

by Andreas Gabriel and Markus Gandorfer

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009025 - 29 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 839

Abstract

Frequently, urbanization and loss of an urban population’s connection to agriculture are given as the main reasons for decreasing societal acceptance of modern-day agriculture. An online survey of the German population in 2018 provided two selective subsamples of rural (n = 337) and [...] Read more.

Frequently, urbanization and loss of an urban population’s connection to agriculture are given as the main reasons for decreasing societal acceptance of modern-day agriculture. An online survey of the German population in 2018 provided two selective subsamples of rural (n = 337) and urban residents (n = 560). Comparing group differences with regard to (a) the general societal perspective on agriculture and (b) positions on the use of digital farming technologies shows only little evidence of significant contributions of the used predictor items. Thus, no generalized tendency can be found that city dwellers are more opposed to agricultural developments based on different attitudes and perceptions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 229 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Easily Installed Method of the Estimation of Soybean Yield Based on Meteorological Environments with Regression Analysis

by Akihiro Nitta, Yuya Chonan, Satoshi Hayashi, Takuji Nakamura, Hiroyuki Tsuji, Noriyuki Murakami, Ryo Nishide, Takenao Ohkawa and Seiichi Ozawa

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009026 - 30 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1054

Abstract

A simple method for estimating soybean yield under ideal environments in Japan is proposed. Several models that simulate soybean yield have been proposed in other countries; however, direct adaptation to Japanese species is difficult in terms of climatic and regional characteristics. In addition, [...] Read more.

A simple method for estimating soybean yield under ideal environments in Japan is proposed. Several models that simulate soybean yield have been proposed in other countries; however, direct adaptation to Japanese species is difficult in terms of climatic and regional characteristics. In addition, they often require variety-specific information or various environmental information, which is sometimes hard to simulate. Therefore, we attempted to create a simple simulation model with meteorological data as the main input to the model. The proposed model ignores the features that need setting for each cultivated field and is composed of a statistical model instead of a physiological analysis for the sake of brevity. Although the prediction accuracy of the model needs to be improved, we can use it as a decision support system for soybean cultivation because it requires only location information and can be easily introduced by many farmers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 435 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Common Greenhouse Ontology: An Ontology Describing Components, Properties, and Measurements inside the Greenhouse

by Roos Bakker, Romy van Drie, Cornelis Bouter, Sander van Leeuwen, Lorijn van Rooijen and Jan Top

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009027 - 02 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1324

Abstract

Modern greenhouses have systems that continuously measure the properties of greenhouses and their crops. These measurements cannot be queried together without linking the relevant data. In this paper, we introduce the Common Greenhouse Ontology, a standard for sharing data on greenhouses and their [...] Read more.

Modern greenhouses have systems that continuously measure the properties of greenhouses and their crops. These measurements cannot be queried together without linking the relevant data. In this paper, we introduce the Common Greenhouse Ontology, a standard for sharing data on greenhouses and their measurable components. The ontology was created with domain experts and incorporates existing ontologies, SOSA and OM. It was evaluated using competency questions and SPARQL queries. The results of the evaluation show that the Common Greenhouse Ontology is an innovative solution for data interoperability and standardization, and an enabler for advanced data science techniques over larger databases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 1099 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Mango Leaf Monitoring with Inductive and Capacitive Sensors and Its Comparison with Trunk Dendrometer Measurements

by Federico Hahn, Juan Espinoza and Ulises Zacarías

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009028 - 02 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1668

Abstract

Mango is one of the main fruits grown in Mexico that are exported worldwide, but the trees consume a lot of water, and irrigation scheduling should be implemented to optimize water use. Dendrometers were installed in fruit trees to optimize water usage during [...] Read more.

Mango is one of the main fruits grown in Mexico that are exported worldwide, but the trees consume a lot of water, and irrigation scheduling should be implemented to optimize water use. Dendrometers were installed in fruit trees to optimize water usage during 2019 and 2020. A capacitor with Teflon clamps pressurized the leaf, and its dielectric changed with leaf water content. Additionally, Hall sensors were installed in leaves to study the effect of water during mango production. It was found that capacitance tend to be more sensitive than magnetic field monitoring. Higher changes were noted during midday with warm weather. Thresholds from the capacitance and Hall effect sensors can provide signals for irrigation scheduling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 1112 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Production of Fertilizer from Seawater with a Remote Control System

by Federico Hahn, Carlos Juárez González and Canek Mota Delfín

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009029 - 03 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3724

Abstract

Seawater is abundant and full of nutrients known as ORMUS. Inorganic fertilizers have become scarce and expensive, so alternatives to feed plants are being studied. An automatic tank on a fishing boat was designed to extract salts from seawater, as follows: Sodium hydroxide [...] Read more.

Seawater is abundant and full of nutrients known as ORMUS. Inorganic fertilizers have become scarce and expensive, so alternatives to feed plants are being studied. An automatic tank on a fishing boat was designed to extract salts from seawater, as follows: Sodium hydroxide is applied to seawater and agitated within a tank until its pH reaches 10.78. Salts begin to deposit, and the sodium mixed with the water stays at the surface. Water with sodium is removed after 3 h with a low-pressure pump. Clean water is added to the salty solution at the bottom of the tank to remove more sodium. Water at the top is sucked by the pump again, and the process is repeated once more. After the white salt (ORMUS) lying at the bottom of the tank is removed, the fertilization extraction process can start again. The automatic system regulates the agitator speed, pump filling and suction timing, and bottom valve opening. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 2393 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Weed Mapping in Vineyards Using RGB-D Perception

by Dimitrios Kateris, Damianos Kalaitzidis, Vasileios Moysiadis, Aristotelis C. Tagarakis and Dionysis Bochtis

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009030 - 02 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1524

Abstract

Weed management is one of the major challenges in viticulture, as long as weeds can cause significant yield losses and severe competition to the cultivations. In this direction, the development of an automated procedure for weed monitoring will provide useful data for understanding [...] Read more.

Weed management is one of the major challenges in viticulture, as long as weeds can cause significant yield losses and severe competition to the cultivations. In this direction, the development of an automated procedure for weed monitoring will provide useful data for understanding their management practices. In this work, a new image-based technique was developed in order to provide maps based on weeds’ height at the inter-row path of the vineyards. The developed algorithms were tested in many datasets from vineyards with different levels of weed development. The results show that the proposed technique gives promising results in various field conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 2823 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Prediction of Corn and Sugar Prices Using Machine Learning, Econometrics, and Ensemble Models

by Roberto F. Silva, Bruna L. Barreira and Carlos E. Cugnasca

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009031 - 02 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1672

Abstract

This paper explores the use of several state-of-the-art machine learning models for predicting the daily prices of corn and sugar in Brazil in relation to the use of traditional econometrics models. The following models were implemented and compared: ARIMA, SARIMA, support vector regression [...] Read more.

This paper explores the use of several state-of-the-art machine learning models for predicting the daily prices of corn and sugar in Brazil in relation to the use of traditional econometrics models. The following models were implemented and compared: ARIMA, SARIMA, support vector regression (SVR), AdaBoost, and long short-term memory networks (LSTM). It was observed that, even though the prices time series for both products differ considerably, the models that presented the best results were obtained by: SVR, an ensemble of the SVR and LSTM models, an ensemble of the AdaBoost and SVR models, and an ensemble of the AdaBoost and LSTM models. The econometrics models presented the worst results for both products for all metrics considered. All models presented better results for predicting corn prices in relation to the sugar prices, which can be related mainly to its lower variation during the training and test sets. The methodology used can be implemented for other products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 219 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Survey on the Use of the Internet of Multimedia Things for Precision Agriculture and the Agrifood Sector

by Alvertos Ioannis Mourikis, Romanos Kalamatianos, Ioannis Karydis and Markos Avlonitis

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009032 - 03 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1180

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has already penetrated an ever-increasing array of daily aspects of life. IoTs bridge the analog and digital worlds in an unprecedented manner and degree by providing in situ sensing. Adding to the IoT the capability to collect interrelated [...] Read more.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has already penetrated an ever-increasing array of daily aspects of life. IoTs bridge the analog and digital worlds in an unprecedented manner and degree by providing in situ sensing. Adding to the IoT the capability to collect interrelated multi-modal sensing, the use of the Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMTs) has recently been exhibited to significantly enhance the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in numerous applications, and most importantly in agrifood systems. In this work, we review key recent works in the conjunction of the three domains of IoMT, agrifood and precision agriculture and present open research directions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 207 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Susceptibility of Twenty-Three Kiwifruit Cultivars to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

by Thomas Thomidis, Dimitrios E. Goumas, Anastasios Zotos, Vassilios Triantafyllidis and Efthimios Kokotos

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009033 - 09 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 990

Abstract

One of the best methods to control plant disease is the use of resistant cultivars. The purpose of this study is to evaluate 23 kiwifruit genotypes and cultivars for susceptibility to four strains of Psa (biovar 3) in alaboratory setting. The results showed [...] Read more.

One of the best methods to control plant disease is the use of resistant cultivars. The purpose of this study is to evaluate 23 kiwifruit genotypes and cultivars for susceptibility to four strains of Psa (biovar 3) in alaboratory setting. The results showed that all the bacterial strains were pathogenic. There was no statistical difference among the bacterial strains tested. None of the kiwifruit cultivars tested were immune to Psa. There was a statistical difference in the level of susceptibility among cultivars. The cultivars Sorelli and D495/312 were the most susceptible, while the cultivar A501/44 was the most resistant. However, the above results must be verified in field conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 228 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investment in Information and Communication Technology in Agriculture and Soybean Production Stability: The Case of China

by Vesna Jablanovic

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009034 - 13 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 934

Abstract

The paper creates the chaotic soybeans production growth model. This model includes in-vestment in ICTs in agriculture. Further, the paper discovers a sequence of Elliot waves in soyabeans market in China in the period 1991–2015. Investment in information and communication technologies (ICTs) in [...] Read more.

The paper creates the chaotic soybeans production growth model. This model includes in-vestment in ICTs in agriculture. Further, the paper discovers a sequence of Elliot waves in soyabeans market in China in the period 1991–2015. Investment in information and communication technologies (ICTs) in agriculture improved both the productivity and soybean production stability. The stable convergent fluctuations of soybeans production existed in China in the observed period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 204 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Strategic Research Agenda for Utilisation of Earth Observation in Agriculture

by Karel Charvat, Vaclav Safar, Hana Kubickova, Sarka Horakova and Tomas Mildorf

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009035 - 14 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1090

Abstract

The EO4Agri Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) is a set of recommendations for future research activities in the area of Earth observation for agriculture. The EO4AGRI project provides support to all agri-food sectors based on new uses of COPERNICUS data. At first, part of [...] Read more.

The EO4Agri Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) is a set of recommendations for future research activities in the area of Earth observation for agriculture. The EO4AGRI project provides support to all agri-food sectors based on new uses of COPERNICUS data. At first, part of the deliverable collected user needs from previous work are summarised including gaps in data, delivery platforms and knowledge management. Another input was an analysis of the current political framework and its influence on future agriculture. The implementation of the European Green Deal and the UN Sustainable Development Goals will require future collaboration of the public and private sectors. The main part of the SRA is a list of recommendations for future activities in the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), Horizon Europe (Annex 4 and Annex 6) and the Digital Europe programmes. It is not a revision of these programmes, but additional recommendations or tasks which are important to consider in updating the future programmes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

5 pages, 686 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Soil Moisture Depletion Modelling Using a TDR Multi-Sensor System, GIS, Soil Analyzes, Precision Agriculture and Remote Sensing on Maize for Improved Irrigation-Fertilization Decisions

by Agathos Filintas

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009036 - 28 Dec 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1701

Abstract

The effects of three drip irrigation (IR1: Farmer’s, IR2:Full (100%ET_c), IR3:Deficit (80%ET_c) irrigation), and two fertilization (Ft1, Ft2) treatments were studied on maize yield and biomass by applying new agro-technologies (TDR—sensors for soil moisture (SM) measurements, Precision Agriculture, Remote [...] Read more.

The effects of three drip irrigation (IR1: Farmer’s, IR2:Full (100%ET_c), IR3:Deficit (80%ET_c) irrigation), and two fertilization (Ft1, Ft2) treatments were studied on maize yield and biomass by applying new agro-technologies (TDR—sensors for soil moisture (SM) measurements, Precision Agriculture, Remote Sensing—NDVI (Sentinel-2 satellite sensor), soil-hydraulic analyses and Geostatistical models, SM-rootzone modelling-2D-GIS mapping). A daily soil moisture depletion (SMDp) model was developed. The two-way-ANOVA statistical analysis results revealed that irrigation (IR3 = best) and fertilization treatments (Ft1 = best) significantly affect yield and biomass. Deficit irrigation and proper fertilization based on new agro-technologies for improved management decisions can result in substantial improvement on yield (+116.10%) and biomass (+119.71%) with less net water use (−7.49%) and reduced drainage water losses (−41.02%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 2311 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Rainfed and Supplemental Irrigation Modelling 2D GIS Moisture Rootzone Mapping on Yield and Seed Oil of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Using Precision Agriculture and Remote Sensing

by Agathos Filintas, Aikaterini Nteskou, Persefoni Katsoulidi, Asimina Paraskebioti and Marina Parasidou

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009037 - 28 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 992

Abstract

The effects of two irrigation (IR1: rainfed; IR2: rainfed + supplemental drip irrigation), and two fertilization (Ft1, Ft2) treatments were studied on cotton yield and seed oil by applying a number of new agro-technologies such as: TDR sensors; soil moisture (SM); precision agriculture; [...] Read more.

The effects of two irrigation (IR1: rainfed; IR2: rainfed + supplemental drip irrigation), and two fertilization (Ft1, Ft2) treatments were studied on cotton yield and seed oil by applying a number of new agro-technologies such as: TDR sensors; soil moisture (SM); precision agriculture; remote-sensing NDVI (Sentinel-2 satellite sensor); soil-hydraulic analyses; geostatistical models; SM-rootzone, and modelling 2D GIS mapping. A daily soil-water-crop-atmosphere (SWCA) balance model was developed. The two-way ANOVA statistical analysis results revealed that irrigation (IR2 = best) and fertilization treatments (Ft1 = best) significantly affected yield and oil content. Supplemental irrigation, if applied during critical growth stages, could result in substantial improvement on yield (+234.12%) and oil content (+126.44%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 404 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Ontology Based Approach for Regulatory Compliance of EU Reg. No 995/2010 in Greece

by Efthymios Lallas, Anthony Karageorgos and Georgios Ntalos

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009038 - 31 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1130

Abstract

Illegal logging has always been considered as a major environmental and social global concern, as it is directly associated with deforestation and climate change. Nowadays, EU Regulation No 995/2010 has been successfully enforced to impede the placement of illegally produced timber within the [...] Read more.

Illegal logging has always been considered as a major environmental and social global concern, as it is directly associated with deforestation and climate change. Nowadays, EU Regulation No 995/2010 has been successfully enforced to impede the placement of illegally produced timber within the EU market and therefore to efficiently enhance sustainable forest management and restore ecosystem balance. However, EU 995 regulatory compliance and enforcement itself is quite complex, since it requires long-term conformity, on a common basis for various heterogeneous groups and communities of stakeholders, in a global, even beyond EU, rule regulation framework. To make things worse, such a framework must be applied to the entire supply distribution chain and a wide variety of wood products, ranging from paper pulp to solid wood and flooring. Hence, in such complex and multivariate information environments, an ontological approach can more efficiently support regulatory compliance and knowledge management, due to its openness and richness of semantics for representing, analyzing, interpreting and managing such kind of information. In this paper, a rule-based regulatory compliance ontology is proposed, which fully captures EU Regulation No 995/2010 concepts and compliance rules and guidelines, as well as Greek legislations governing wood trade. The proposed ontology can be the basis for a computerized system providing automated support for illegal wood trade and monitoring EU regulation information provision and audit information storage and analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 473 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Theoretical Framework for Multi-Hazard Risk Mapping on Agricultural Areas Considering Artificial Intelligence, IoT, and Climate Change Scenarios

by Roberto F. Silva, Maria C. Fava, Antonio M. Saraiva, Eduardo M. Mendiondo, Carlos E. Cugnasca and Alexandre C. B. Delbem

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009039 - 31 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1132

Abstract

This work proposes a data-driven theoretical framework for addressing: (i) extreme climate events prediction through multi-hazard risk mapping using remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and hydrological models, considering multiple hazards; and (ii) environmental monitoring using on-site data collection and IoT technologies. The framework considers [...] Read more.

This work proposes a data-driven theoretical framework for addressing: (i) extreme climate events prediction through multi-hazard risk mapping using remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and hydrological models, considering multiple hazards; and (ii) environmental monitoring using on-site data collection and IoT technologies. The framework considers the possibility of evaluating multiple climate change scenarios for improving decision-making in terms of Government policies and farm planning. Its main requirements are gathered based on a literature review. Several essential metrics that can be evaluated, considering both supervised and unsupervised metrics and key performance indicators considering the triple bottom line aspects, are also proposed. The framework also adopts multi-hazard (considering several hazards) and multi-risk (considering several relevant stakeholders) aspects and can be used to simulate different scenarios, an essential task for improving decision-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 198 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Machine Learning Techniques in Agricultural Flood Assessment and Monitoring Using Earth Observation and Hydromorphological Analysis

by Lampros Tasiopoulos, Marianthi Stefouli, Yorghos Voutos, Phivos Mylonas and Eleni Charou

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009040 - 31 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 781

Abstract

Climate change could exacerbate floods on agricultural plains by increasing the frequency of extreme and adverse meteorological events. Flood extent maps could be a valuable source of information for agricultural land decision makers, risk management and emergency planning. We propose a method that [...] Read more.

Climate change could exacerbate floods on agricultural plains by increasing the frequency of extreme and adverse meteorological events. Flood extent maps could be a valuable source of information for agricultural land decision makers, risk management and emergency planning. We propose a method that combines various types of data and processing techniques in order to achieve accurate flood extent maps. The application aims to find the percentage of agricultural land that is covered by the floods through an automatic map estimation methodology based on the freely available Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite images and machine learning techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

5 pages, 530 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integrating Ambient Intelligence Technologies for Empowering Agriculture

by Christos Stratakis, Nikolaos Menelaos Stivaktakis, Manousos Bouloukakis, Asterios Leonidis, Maria Doxastaki, George Kapnas, Theodoros Evdaimon, Maria Korozi, Evangelos Kalligiannakis and Constantine Stephanidis

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009041 - 11 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1158

Abstract

This work blends the domain of Precision Agriculture with the prevalent paradigm of Ambient Intelligence, so as to enhance the interaction between farmers and Intelligent Environments, and support their various daily agricultural activities, aspiring to improve the quality and quantity of cultivated plants. [...] Read more.

This work blends the domain of Precision Agriculture with the prevalent paradigm of Ambient Intelligence, so as to enhance the interaction between farmers and Intelligent Environments, and support their various daily agricultural activities, aspiring to improve the quality and quantity of cultivated plants. In this paper, two systems are presented, namely the Intelligent Greenhouse and the AmI seedbed, targeting a wide range of agricultural activities, starting from planting the seeds, caring for each individual sprouted plant up to their transplantation in the greenhouse, where the provision for the entire plantation lasts until the harvesting period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 1171 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Crop Water Availability Mapping in the Danube Basin Based on Deep Learning, Hydrological and Crop Growth Modelling

by Silke Migdall, Sandra Dotzler, Eva Gleisberg, Florian Appel, Markus Muerth, Heike Bach, Giulio Weikmann, Claudia Paris, Daniele Marinelli and Lorenzo Bruzzone

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009042 - 24 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1744

Abstract

The Danube Basin has been hit by several droughts in the last few years. As climate change makes weather extremes and temperature records in late winter and early spring more likely, water availability and irrigation possibilities become more important. In this paper, the [...] Read more.

The Danube Basin has been hit by several droughts in the last few years. As climate change makes weather extremes and temperature records in late winter and early spring more likely, water availability and irrigation possibilities become more important. In this paper, the crop water demand at field and national scale within the Danube Basin is presented using a dense time series of multispectral Sentinel-2 data, for crop type maps derived with deep learning techniques and physically-based models for crop parameter retrieval and crop growth modelling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 221 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Conceptual Framework to Integrate Economic Drivers of Decision Making for Technology Adoption in Agriculture

by Thiago L. Romanelli, Francisco Muñoz-Arriola and Andre F. Colaço

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009043 - 23 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1360

Abstract

This study evaluates how much technology adoption could cost in a variety of crop-production scenarios. Cost-reduction simulations consider scenarios of higher input use efficiency such as reducing the usage of diesel, labor, irrigation, fertilizer, herbicide, and seed, among others. The scenarios aim to [...] Read more.

This study evaluates how much technology adoption could cost in a variety of crop-production scenarios. Cost-reduction simulations consider scenarios of higher input use efficiency such as reducing the usage of diesel, labor, irrigation, fertilizer, herbicide, and seed, among others. The scenarios aim to increase yields by integrating the effect of each input-reduction on the total operating costs. Agricultural production estimates for Nebraska in the US indicates that a technology that saves 1% of diesel is cost-effective, costing between USD 0.15/ha and USD 0.32/ha (for corn). Improvements on input use efficiency should be prioritized to incentivize technology development and adoption. This study balances input costs and crop production, allowing the identification of adoption cost thresholds tailored to specific farming scenarios. It also enabled interpretations regarding optimal scenarios for technology adoption. In addition, this study indicates that irrigated systems foster the adoption of technologies more than in dryland cropping systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

4 pages, 547 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Review of a Teaching–Learning Strategy Change to Strengthen Geomatic Concepts and Tools in the Biosystems Engineering Academic Studies at the Universidad de Costa Rica

by José Aguilar and Matías Cháves

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009044 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1018

Abstract

A different teaching–learning strategy was implemented in the geomatic applications in the Biosystems Engineering course. The strategy, which was based on the educational theory of constructivism, promoted the strengthening of geomatic concepts and tools through case studies that aim to balance lectures and [...] Read more.

A different teaching–learning strategy was implemented in the geomatic applications in the Biosystems Engineering course. The strategy, which was based on the educational theory of constructivism, promoted the strengthening of geomatic concepts and tools through case studies that aim to balance lectures and practices to achieve an efficient teaching–learning level. The evaluation and follow-up of this case study review the project’s progress and include students’ opinions, as collected in a survey over multiple semesters. The strategy allowed the classroom to become a space that promoted the benefit of the student’s experience in their professional training. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 619 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Awareness Raising and Capacity Building through a Scalable Automatic Water Harvest Monitoring System to Improve Water Resource Management in Monteverde Community, Costa Rica

by Roberto Brenes, Aníbal Torres, José Aguilar and Ronald Aguilar

Eng. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009045 - 24 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1089

Abstract

An outreach project is conducted for the protection of water resources in Monteverde, Costa Rica. An automatic monitoring system for rainwater harvesting (AMSWH) was implemented into a water-harvesting system in the Monteverde Institute (MVI). Through information and communications technology, the project aims to [...] Read more.

An outreach project is conducted for the protection of water resources in Monteverde, Costa Rica. An automatic monitoring system for rainwater harvesting (AMSWH) was implemented into a water-harvesting system in the Monteverde Institute (MVI). Through information and communications technology, the project aims to promote water-harvesting systems in Monteverde community by demonstrating the quantifiable benefits in water use (e.g., capture rainwater for use in toilets, vegetable gardens and washing machines), thereby saving drinkable water. During 2021, implemented flow meters and distance sensors in the AMSWH have indicated that 5000 L of potable water has been saved by the MVI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 13th EFITA International Conference)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Eng. Proc., 2021, EFITA 2021

The 13th EFITA International Conference

Editorial

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI